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The implementation of ISPM 15 "Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material (WPM) in International Trade" may create challenges and impacts that include increased pallet prices, reduced use of low quality hardwood lumber, and substitution of solid wood packaging by other materials. Many of these impacts will be driven by packaging buyers and n...
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Background
Research experience has traditionally been recognized as an important part of medical education. This research would mainly discuss about the medical students attitude towards research and surveys which comprises of perception of medical students towards research, their attitude towards research, the barriers faced by the students to con...
International trade metrics can indicate the competitive advantage of the industry in international markets. However, the export of the raw materials utilized by the industry can influence company and industry performance negatively. This article assessed the effectiveness of the international trade with raw wood and its impact on the economic resu...
Citations
... White (2000) stated that more than 90 percent of pallets are manufactured from wood. Smith, et al (2004) conducted a survey to determine if the phytosanitation regulation would deter the use of wood pallets for export. Import and export pallets manufactured from wood are required to be in compliance with "Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material in International Trade" (ISPM 15). ...
... The results from the survey indicated that respondents using wood will continue to use wood for export pallets. Strength and price were provided as influencing factors of material selection (Smith et al., 2004). ...
The U.S. must begin to consider actions that will reduce the negative environmental impacts produced by the present packaging systems. Observers are, for example, beginning to see limits to the availability of raw materials needed to make some packaging materials. Second is the rapid depletion of the energy sources required for the production of packaging. In addition to the natural-resource issue, it is important to recognize the potential reduction in pollution that would result from reusing and recycling containers. A new system is needed in which consumption is decreased, and materials are reused and recycled.
