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This article presents a real photovoltaic module with modeling and simulations starting from the model of a photovoltaic (PV) cell. I-V , P-V , and P-I characteristics are simulated for different solar irradiation, temperatures, series resistances, and parallel resistances. For a real photovoltaic module (ALTIUS Module AFP-235W) there are estimated...
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Solar energy takes a prime place in the energetic transition towards renewable energies. Solar radiation data plays a major role in the expansion of this energy. However, the unavailability of these data due to the reduced number of meteorological stations has imposed the use of various solar radiation estimation and prediction models. Moreover, th...
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... Utilize the theoretical Maximum Power produced by the PV cell, which is equivalent to the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current, to calculate the parameters of curve IV at constant temperature and solar radiation (Isc). The fill factor (FF) is determined by these circumstances when [35,36]. ...
... To determine the parameters of the I-V curve at a constant temperature and solar radiation, the theoretical maximum power produced by the PV cell can be used, which is comparable to the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (Isc). In these conditions, the fill factor is denoted by FF [25,26]. The solar cell efficiency (η) is the ratio of the maximum power (PMPP) to the solar radiation power that solar cells can absorb. ...
Solar energy may be transformed into several types of energy, including electrical energy. Solar cell efficiency is low because some of the thermal energy that solar panels collect is not used. A solar panel’s relative efficiency and heat transmission decrease as it heats up. By collecting thermal energy and cooling it, photovoltaic systems may operate more efficiently. In this study, a thermal photovoltaic collector (PVT) system with a working fluid is used to cool PV panels. Laboratory-scale testing and simulation using the ANSYS Software were applied in the analysis. The simulation outcomes confirm the experimental values. Nanofluid serves as the working fluid because it has strong heat transmission qualities and has the characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO 2). Average PV operating temperatures may be reduced by using TiO 2-based PVT systems. This can be explained by the fact that the fluid makes it easier for heat to be transferred. In comparison to PV-ground cells, photovoltaic solar cells now have a 2.11% higher efficiency. When utilizing TiO 2-based PVT systems, an average photovoltaic temperature of 58.5 °C is generated, with a 13.04% photovoltaic efficiency.
... The PV modules can then be connected in series and/or parallel to supply the load demand. It is a major advantage of PV modules that they can be considered highly modular, and by proper scaling, and they can be expected to provide adequate power for a wide range of loads [1]. The PV modules can be utilized for stand-alone and grid-tied systems to produce an output power ranging from micro-watts to megawatts depending on their applications, such as in communications, electric vehicles, solar homes, and satellites [2]. ...
Photovoltaic (PV) modules comprise bypass diodes to limit hotspot formation. However, they suffer from performance reduction in the presence of partial shading. This paper proposes external circuitry to control the connection type (series/parallel) of the PV cells through a pair of on/off switches resulting in three different operation modes. Mode 1 represents the typical 36 series-connected cells, while mode 2 represents two parallel-connected strings, and mode 3 maximizes the output current where the four strings are connected in parallel. The added values of the approach are that (1) the output current of the PV module can be increased without the need for a buck-boost converter and (2) the partial shading has less impact on the output power than the adoption of bypass diodes. This work shows that simulating three monocrystalline PV modules (120 W, 200 W, and 241 W), consisting of 36, 60, and 72 series-connected cells, lose about 74% when one cell has 80% shading in the absence of bypass diodes. The application of a bypass diode for each pair of strings in the PV module improves this decrease to 61.89%, 40.66%, and 39.47%, respectively. According to our proposed approach, this power loss can be significantly decreased to 19.59%, 50%, and 50.01% for the three PV modules, respectively, representing more than a 42% improvement compared to bypass diodes.
... 5 The shading due to the 1 Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China external or internal objects reduces the open-circuit voltage as well as operating voltage of the PV cell which in results contribute in the decrement of conversion efficiency of the device. [6][7][8] The external shading greatly produces hot spots on the cell and generate multipeak results however internal shading does not have such damage on cell, but it shares the power loss of silicon PV cell. Furthermore, it has been revealed that shading also deteriorates the PV cell life cycle. ...
Solar energy exploitation through photovoltaic technology has demonstrated a sustainable way for curbing energy needs and cutting environmental issues happening due to emissions of carbon dioxide, CO 2 from the usage of non-renewable energy resources. The purpose of this study was to reduce metallization by choosing optimal metallization on silicon photovoltaic wafer. Using numerical study, the effects of the number of busbars, fingers, and soldering/probe points were analyzed and also the study of the size of busbar and finger was carried out to find the optimal value for each which assures better performance. It is revealed that increasing the number and size of busbars, fingers, and probe points result in increasing fill factor, however, the efficiency of the device is limited to a number which provides the best optimal performance in terms of efficiency, whereas increasing the size (width) of the parameter result in a decrease in efficiency increasing shading factor. The optimal value of prescribed parameters was recorded as 4, 82, and 20 numbers of busbars, fingers, and probe points, respectively, while an optimal value of the width of busbar and finger is found as 0.5 mm and 60 µm, respectively. These values attained efficiency and fill factor above 20% and 80%, respectively. This study finds a realistic method to further diminish the metallization, improve the performance, and reduce the cost of often used industrial silicon photovoltaic cells.
... A precise estimation of power output is based on the electrical behavior, including series and shunt resistance as well as the environmental conditions, and is required for the optimum design of SPV cell, module, and system [20,21]. Further, the parameter estimation is critical for the performance monitoring, control management, efficiency estimations and maximum power point tracking [22,23]. ...
In this paper, a novel multi-population parallel co-evolutionary differential evolution, named MPPCEDE, is proposed to optimize parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models and enhance conversion efficiency of solar energy. In the MPPCEDE, the reverse learning mechanism is employed to generate the initial several subpopulations to enhance the convergence velocity and keep the population diversity. A new multi-population parallel control strategy is developed to maintain the search efficiency in subpopulations. The co-evolutionary mutation strategy with elite population and three mutation strategies is proposed to reduce computing resources and balance the exploration and exploration capability through the cooperative mechanism, improve the convergence speed, realize the information exchange. Then the MPPCEDE is employed to effectively optimize parameters of PV models under various conditions and environments to obtain a parameter values of PV models. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is tested by different PV models and manufacturer's datasheet. The experimental and comparative results demonstrate that the MPPCEDE exhibits higher accuracy and reliability, and has fast convergence speed by comparing with several methods in extracting parameters of PV models.
