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A detailed models of Photovoltaic PV module of both single and double diode model is presented in this paper. The presented photovoltaic module electrical models are related to Shockley diode modules. These models consider the solar radiance and temperature as input parameters. A Comparative study of several models is performed for a wide range of...
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... Previous research has focused on mathematical modeling of PV modules, power conditioning units, and grid integration strategies to enhance system efficiency and stability [1,2]. Additionally, investigations into maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, control strategies for power converters, and voltage regulation techniques have been conducted to improve energy yield and grid compatibility [3,4]. One notable area of concern in grid-connected PV systems is harmonic distortion, which can adversely affect power quality and grid stability. ...
... represents the open circuit temperature coefficient. By utilizing coefficients provided by manufacturers and the mathematical expressions (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), any photovoltaic (PV) module can be characterized for dynamic analysis. To elevate the produced DC voltage of the PV module to a desired level, a DC-DC boost converter can be employed, and the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique can be implemented in the boost converter to efficiently regulate the generated power from the PV arrays. ...
... In the simulation process, I-V and P-V characteristics are obtained and compared to the characteristics of the real PV panels. Various models are proposed to analyze the I-V characteristics of a PV cell [12][13][14][15][16]. One of the most popular solutions is based on the onediode equivalent circuit and Shockley equation model [12]. ...
... One of the most popular solutions is based on the onediode equivalent circuit and Shockley equation model [12]. In order to predict the power of the PV panel, simulations are carried out for standard conditions, i.e., temperature 298 K, light intensity 1000 W/m 2 and the solar spectrum AM 1.5 [13]. The efficient methods for determining the basic parameters of a PV cell from a single I-V characteristic using the Lambert W function were proposed [14,15]. ...
The Coach6 software and the CoachLabII+ measuring console coupled with a computer and equipped with appropriate voltage and current sensors were used to determine the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic cells. The current-voltageand power-voltage characteristics for a single cell and cells connected in series and in parallel were tested depending on the light intensity. Using a simplified theoretical model of a photovoltaic cell based on the one-diode equivalent circuit and Shockley diode equation, the ideality factor, diode saturation current and source current were determined, fitting the appropriate theoretical relationship to the measurement results. Based on the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics, the short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, maximum power, fill factor, conversion efficiency and load resistance were determined. The dependence of the determined parameters on the light intensity was discussed.
... The circuit consists of a photo current source IRR, two diodes, a parallel resistance Rp, and a series resistance Rs. For the two-diode model, the I-V characteristic equation is given as follows [1], [24], [26]: ...
This study examines the performance of the MPPT Proteus model. The high performance of this model was proposed for a photovoltaic system and tested using the most commonly known MPPT techniques. The proposed Proteus model is a simulator of a maximum power point tracking system for a photovoltaic panel connected to the DC-DC converter with digital control. The Proteus software performs simulation and implementation of the photovoltaic panel model based on a one-diode model and a two-diode model with high accuracy. Both photovoltaic panel models were validated by experimental measurements. Simulation results for tracking voltage, tracking current and tracking power show that this model performs satisfactorily. The theoretical evaluation confirms the high performance of the MPPT Proteus model, which offers a high degree of control and planning..
... The efficiency of PV systems depends on factors such as the level of solar radiation, the temperature of the cells and the load condition. As shown in Fig [23] In Fig. 4, a solar panel with PV cells in series or parallel is illustrated, providing solar energy to be converted into DC electrical energy. The solar cell equivalent circuit consists of a parallel current source, a diode, a parallel resistor and a series resistor [24,25]. ...
In today's world, the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, as well as the natural result of the global warming issue, have detrimental consequences. It is known that gas emissions such as CO2 should be
reduced in order to reduce these effects. Internal combustion engines (ICE) that use fossil fuels play a major part in the release of these harmful emissions into the environment in today's transportation industry. For this reason, in order to achieve a cleaner environment, it is aimed to increase the number of Electric
Vehicles (EVs) by completely removing fossil fuel vehicles from the market. Thus, it is expected that harmful gas emissions such as CO2 will reduce considerably and the impact of such hazardous GHG in the transportation industry will be minimal. However, it is known that as the number of EVs grows, the energy demand for the electricity grid will increase and some grid problems
will occur. Morever, it is well recognized that as the number of EVs grows, so will the energy demand for the electricity grid, causing potential grid difficulties. This study proposes a clean, environmentally friendly, renewable EV charging station approach to overcome potential grid issues. This system comprises a
renewable energy source Photovoltaic (PV) based, off-grid, EV charging model with its own storage system, in rural areas where there is no/insufficient electricity grid or where grid load needs to be minimized. This model is simulated
in MATLAB, and the findings are presented graphically
... As illustrated in Figure 2, a simple equivalent circuit model of a solar cell was used in this research. The cell includes a current source, a diode, and two resistors [3,23,24]. ...
This paper presents the simulation of a simple single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system using the PSPICE model. The modeling system consists of a PV string, a single-phase current source inverter (CSI), load, and a grid voltage source. The system uses the PV string as the current source. The single-phase CSI was controlled by the grid AC voltage. The operation of the system employs the negative conductance characteristics of the PV string. We studied the voltage and current waveform at the inverter output terminal, the current waveform at the load, the AC power with various open-circuit voltages and temperatures of the PV string. The result showed the current waveform at the inverter output terminal follows the I-V characteristics of the PV string. The current waveform at the load depends on its impedance characteristics. The AC power increased with the open circuit voltage. We found that the maximum efficiency of the AC power conversion system was 63.3% at the peak of the AC voltage source, which was equal to the maximum power voltage of the PV string. In addition, the prototype was built for testing and testing verified the simulation results. The experimental results showed the current waveform at the inverter terminal and load were similar to the simulation results.
... Therefore, in order to satisfy the needs of a home or business and to get the desired output voltage, number of PV cells are connected in series. The mathematical modelling of the solar PV system [10] is represented through equations (1)- (5). Current generated by light is denoted as I sg as the cell is exposed to light. ...
In this paper, a maximum power point tracking controller using particle swarm optimization (PSO) is imposed on DC boost converter of a solar photo voltaic system under changing physical conditions. The proposed PSO based MPPT controller guarantees the extraction of maximum power from the solar photo voltaic system by controlling the duty cycle of the DC to DC boost converter. It is ensured by determining the optimal value of current and voltage of solar PV system corresponding to maximum power. The entire system and the controllers (PSO and P&O) are implemented in MATLAB. The results show that even at variable atmospheric conditions, the proposed controller is able to track maximum power faster as compared to P&O based MPPT controller.
... In operation, solar cells are exposed to different environmental conditions such as variable temperature and irradiance intensities. The current, voltage, and efficiency of MPV and BPV vary according to these environmental parameters and internal losses caused by parasitic resistances and degradation [34,35]. The performance parameters of a solar cell using the single diode model mentioned previously (i.e., open-circuit voltage, shortcircuit current, photocurrent, series and shunt resistances, fill factor and efficiency) depend directly on the irradiance and temperature to which the cell is exposed to as well as the ohmic losses [35]. ...
An evaluation of the degradation effects on photovoltaic modules is essential to minimise uncertainties in the system operation. Bifacial photovoltaic technology is attracting attention due to the capacity of generating energy from the front and rear sides. This paper presents a review of degradation factors, for both conventional monofacial and bifacial photovoltaic modules, to highlight how the current and voltage characteristics of these technologies are affected by degradation. Microcracking, encapsulant discoloration, and light induced degradation seem to have similar effects on both modules. Contrarily, bifacial modules are more prone to potential induced degradation as the electromagnetic shielding is affected by the bifaciality. Bifacial devices are less affected by light and elevated temperature induced degradation. The degradation (1.3%) is similar for both technologies, up to 40 kWh/m2 of solar radiation. Above this value, monofacial degradation increases faster, reaching values of 7%. For tilted systems, the front side soiling degradation of 0.30% per day is similar for both technologies. For vertical systems, soiling loss for bifacial is considerably lower with values of 0.02% per day.
... The output current equation [13] is expressed as ...
... where I is the output current, I ph is the photocurrent, I 0 is the reverse saturation current of diode, q is the charge of an electron, V is the cell terminal voltage, R s is the series resistance, R sh is the shunt resistance, n is the diode ideality factor, N s is the sum of series connected cell, T is the temperature of the p-n junction, and K is the Boltzmann constant. The insolation and the cell temperature are the major factors that affect the photocurrent [13]. ...
... where I sc is the short-circuit current, k i is the temperature coefficient, and G is the illumination of the PV panel (W/m 2 ). The diode saturation current varies as a cubic function [13] of the temperature and is given by the following equation ...
For an electric vehicle, battery plays a major role and needs frequent charging. For this, an efficient DC–DC converter is essential to provide ripple-free and steady output power so that the performance of the battery will not be deteriorated. This paper investigates a myriad of topologies of DC–DC converter and proposes a boost-buck converter for battery charging applications. The performance of the suggested boost-buck converter has been examined and compared with the existing non-isolated topologies. The criterion answered for comparative studies is output voltage and current ripple, input current ripple, and efficiency. From the analysis, it has been implied that the boost-buck configuration has reduced ripple and improved efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended for the battery charger. The simulation studies are executed in MATLAB software. To authenticate the simulation results, a laboratory prototype has been constructed.
... Furthermore, the viability of a PV plant is highly dependent on the efficiency of long-term energy yield. Intermittency, volatility, location of the plant and characteristics of solar cells also play crucial role in the forecasting and planning of a PV plant generation capacity [5,6]. Detailed assessment of these performance factors would provide design guidelines for new PV plants in design, and also energy generation targets during plant operation. ...
span lang="EN-GB">Photovoltaic (PV) power plants are becoming widely implemented and in larger scale around the world. Understanding performance criteria is crucial in the benchmark of PV plants and ascertaining performance requirements during both design and operational stage of a PV plant. Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Factor (CF) are two generally accepted benchmarks for the assessment of a grid connected PV plant. However, within the South East Asia region, and especially within Malaysia, there is a lack of compilation and benchmark for the PR and CF values of existing and operational PV plants. This lack of data is disadvantageous for the designing and assessment of performance of any PV plants in the area. Thus, the focus of this study is to assess the PR and CF performance a 619kW PV plant in the Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia, with the ultimate goal of proposing a standard. From the continuous operation of the said PV plant for the duration of one year, the plant energy production has been obtained and is compared with the simulated energy generation model. Based on the comparison, the plant is determined to be operating with PR value of 0.77 and CF value of 12%. The plant is evaluated to be operating within benchmark values . These values not only verify the performance of the studied PV plant, they also present a form of comparison for future studies.</span
... The generated output power produced by PV system affected by solar irradiation, temperature and cell type. The output power of PVS inversely varies with the temperature changes, although they have a directly proportional relationship to changes in solar radiation [3,42]. The PV cell model using single diode is presented [42]. ...
... The output power of PVS inversely varies with the temperature changes, although they have a directly proportional relationship to changes in solar radiation [3,42]. The PV cell model using single diode is presented [42]. The model is as shown in Fig. 3. ...
The current paper introduces a realistic solution for energy demand in Makadi Bay, RedSea, Hurgada, Egypt using energy system crossbred of Renewable Wind Energy System (WES) and Photovoltaic System (PVS) in the presence of Battery Energy Storage (BES). A real
measurement for wind speed is recorded through a year of 2017. Also, the sun irradiance and temperature are recorded through the same period, to be considered for the output power calculations from the proposed crossbred renewable energy system. The demand load data for the city has recoded as well as through the same period to evaluating the feasibility of the system if it can cover the city loads. Linear TORSCHE optimization technique has utilized to reach an
optimum solution of the proposed crossbred renewable energy system. Individual configuration of PVS & WES in presence of BES have been studied and compared with the hybrid PV/WT.
Furthermore, economic analysis has presented to prove the best economical system. The obtained results show that installing such hybrid system consists of WES, PVS and BES is cheaper than installing each one individually.
