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It is difficult to determine the input parameters values for equivalent circuit models of photovoltaic modules through analytical methods. Thus, the previous researchers preferred to use numerical methods. Since, the numerical methods are time consuming and need long term time series data which is not available in most developing countries, an impr...
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Citations
... This technique is further suitable for predicting future outcomes of an installation within the sphere of operation of the floating PV ecosystem. Because the characterisation technique of the floating PV system proposed by this thesis uses a computational model to describe systems behaviour in a particular experimental design and setup configuration, it can ensure contextual intelligence in location-based data architectures (Graser and Olaya, 2015;Jakhrani et al., 2014). ...
... With the emphasis on the virtualisation of the decision space, the analytical model, with its various systems components and variables, and a set of mathematical equations, uses metrics to describe the processes responsible for systems behaviour in terms of the performance indicators (Jakhrani et al., 2014). As such, the proposed sustainability display diagram, Figure 4.13a, allows for the mapping of the sustainability profile of one or more candidate projects to be superimposed on the decision-support dashboard diagram. ...
Floating Solar PV (FSPV, FPV or floatovoltaics) is an emerging decentralised energy concept in climate-smart agriculture that is quickly becoming a trend in water-rich regions with high land costs, land scarcity and underutilised water areas. FPV technology has excellent environmental compatibility properties, assists in shrinking a farm's carbon footprint, aids farms in decarbonisation towards a net-zero emissions goal, while supporting sustainable energy development towards better carbon taxation and green energy certification in sustainable farming ventures. Amidst a rapidly growing international interest in floating PV and agrivoltaic solutions as climate-solver technologies, current knowledge gaps around its environmental and energy-water-land resource impact uncertainties are the main barriers to floatovoltaic installation deployments. Current FPV performance and impact assessment methodologies still need to overcome critical knowledge gaps constraining fully functional evidence-based scientific assessments as a mandatory requirement to regulatory project permissions prescribed by law. This doctoral dissertation investigates the characterisation and quantification of floating photovoltaic power performance benefits, environmental impact offsets and economic sustainability profiles in a theoretical PV performance model-driven water-energy-land-food resource features. With FPV as natural resource preservation energy technology touching issues along the interplaying water-energy-land-food nexus dimensions (WELF-nexus), a robust validation of the technology's co-benefits and suggested impacts on the nexus of local energy-water-food (EWF) system was lacking. Rethinking environmental sustainability in the FPV context, this research investigation uncovers the root cause of current predictive analytical problems in floating PV characterisation as relating to critical knowledge gaps and modelling challenges in four dimensions: (a) reductionist thinking philosophy as an overwhelming modelling approach engaged by most current PV system assessment models; (b) low-priority role of the natural environmental system and micro-habitat in the integrated systems modelling characterisation of floating PV as a system of systems; (c) inadequate modelling consideration given the water-energy-land nexus system resources and linkages in a unidirectional open-loop linear assessment framework; and (d) modelling framework does not sufficiently cater for systemic interactions in the topological and ontological structures among the PV ecosystem components. 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While comparing the performances of FPV and GPV systems, this study makes a case for the systematisation of sustainability knowledge in the technogenic assessment for floating PV installations through the co-simulation modelling of a novel integrated technical energy-environmental-economic scientific sustainability assessment framework concept. This institutionalised sustainability framework mechanism drives the computer program logic and architecture in a computer synthesis methodology, to assess the integrative technological, economic and natural environmental system attributes in a pluralistic system dynamical way. The approach is further novel in that it covers both short-term and long-term perspectives in a cascaded closed-loop feedback system, with inter-domain feedback memory in a real-time computer synthesis methodology ensuring causal framework ontology modelling. The proposed sustainability definition and systemic framework policy for geospatial sustainability assessment offer a complex appraisal method and modelling technique that supports project decision-making in broad-spectrum environmental, economic and technical contexts that transcends the conventional technically biased scientific evaluation inherited from ground-mounted photovoltaics. The proposed theoretical reference framework and modelling technique offer multidimensional sustainability indicator dimensions, thus addressing critical decision-making domain elements focussed on by impact assessment practitioners, investment stakeholders and subject experts. The scientific investigation and results confer valuable insights into the value-laden sustainability qualities of FPV in pre-qualifying project-assessment experiments for future planned floating solar projects. The theoretical modelling, simulation and characterisation of floatovoltaic technology offer a data collection toolset for duly required scientific evidence of sustainability traits of the technology in support of the adoption, regularisation and licensing of floating photovoltaic renewable energy system installations. The research advances fresh philosophical ideas with novel theoretical principles that may have far-reaching international implications for developing floatovoltaic, agrivoltaic and ground-mounted PV performance models worldwide.
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https://hdl.handle.net/10500/30091
... Therefore, so as to estimate an angle to sketch the reflection losses behavior, and module position with respect to the sun, the difference between the mentioned angles was considered, i.e., an incident angle equivalent to 34°. Besides, according to the Lambert's Cosine Law (Geometrical effect) formulated in the equation (1), the incoming irradiance reduction is proportional to the cosine of the incident angle, viz., cos (34°), (N. Riedel et al., 2019) [11]. ...
The success on forecasting the energy conversion performance of PV systems lies in tracking down the non-linear behavior dynamics of its I-V curves, as consequence of the operational conditions or solar photovoltaic resources changes, where they are set up (A.Qayoom et al.,2014)[1]. Throughout this work, authors address the physical-mathematical basics, and the assumptions made also, so as to propose theoretical approaches on purpose of describing the PV systems dynamics; basically, comprising the Mean Spectral Reflectance, Fill Factor and Energy Conversion Efficiency.
... of PV modules to sunlight and high temperature, they may well be the likely pattern to depict the dynamics involved in those systems. 56 57 2. 1 ...
... Therefore, so as to estimate an 78 angle to sketch the reflection losses behavior, and module position with respect to the sun, the difference between the mentioned angles 79 was considered, i.e., an incident angle equivalent to 34°. Besides, according to the Lambert's Cosine Law (Geometrical effect) formu-80 lated in the equation (1), the incoming irradiance reduction is proportional to the cosine of the incident angle, viz., cos (34°), (N. The cosine of 34º is equivalent to the ration between of squared of golden number divided ( 2 ) by pi ( ), both of them are the known 93 mathematical constants, and therefore in the parameter estimation, on purpose to simulate the impact of incident angular deviation re-94 garding the normal to PV module surface, those angular losses will be described in terms of aforementioned mathematical constants as 95 described by Equation (2) ...
... ing (7), regarding the 64 unpolarized light (50% p-polarized, 50% s-polarized As it is described by (6), the spectral reflectance largely, it is a function of the inte-65 grated irradiance in the spectral range of the sensor that performs its measurement, and its modulation by the coefficient of the reflec-66 tion and geometry spatial losses, here proposed by authors. In Fig.1 In the simulation, the diffusion length for minority carriers is estimated to be equal to absorption penetration depth, which according to 86 the Lambert-Beer law the incoming radiation intensity will be decreased by ~ 36.8 % [ exp ( 1) ], i.e., a value of 1 µm for this parame-87 ter means that the light intensity has fallen to 36.8 % of its original one. Additionally, the absorption has in the limited thickness of the 88 absorber other factor with direct and unfavorable influence leading to all harvesting radiation cannot be absorbed as consequence of 89 thickness limits, cause of the reduction in carriers generation rate per absorbed photon phenomenon which is termed as incomplete ab-90 sorption loss (K. ...
... Where, 70 () In the simulation, the diffusion length for minority carriers is estimated to be equal to absorption penetration depth, which according to 82 the Lambert-Beer law the incoming radiation intensity will be decreased by ~ 36.8 % [ exp ( 1) ], i.e., a value of 1 µm for this parame-83 ter means that the light intensity has fallen to 36.8 % of its original one. Additionally, the absorption has in the limited thickness of the 84 absorber other factor with direct and unfavorable influence leading to all harvesting radiation cannot be absorbed as consequence of 85 thickness limits, cause of the reduction in carriers generation rate per absorbed photon phenomenon which is termed as incomplete ab-86 sorption loss (K. ...
... Jäger et al., 2019) [15]. Therefore, on purpose to incorporate the mentioned losses in the approach, here is considered 87 that absorber thickness equates the penetration depth, which have been considered about 0.37 mm [ exp ( 1) mm]. ...
... Therefore, authors in the proposed factor [ exp( 1) mm] are describing, and estimating implicitly the distance to be covered by minor-51 ity carriers up to p-n junction as it is depicted by (15). By the way, this parameter is remarkable in the solar cells performance and for 52Silicon; it ranges from 1 to 500 µm (A. ...
Theoretical approach [Y. Soler. C - M. Sahni, 2022] to forecast the efficiency of PV systems energy conversion.
... . modeling accuracy. At the same time many authors use simple models neglecting parasitic drags [5,6] or influence of a shunt resistor ( S R -model) [5,7]. This paper considers a model with one diode and two resistors ( P R -model), which is a good trade-off between simplicity and accuracy. ...
In the given article the methodology of making a photovoltaic module mathematical model is presented, which lets reproduce its energy characteristics in real operating conditions. Also, the major types of mathematical models of photovoltaic converters are discussed and most well-known estimation methods of their parameters are analyzed. An original and simple way of parameters definition of photovoltaic module is introduced based on the technical specification data without using programming and developing numerical estimation algorithms. The suggested method is easily realized in the tabular program Excel with installed tool «Search for solutions». The simulation results of volt-ampere characteristic (V-I curve) of photovoltaic module Kyocera KC200GT are presented in a wide variation range of temperature and illumination. In addition, an accuracy evaluation is made by comparing the model characteristics and experimental data. The model was tested on a number of photovoltaic modules and proved good modeling results compliance with manufacturer's data. The model provides a high modeling accuracy around MPP (maximum power point). This fact allows to use it for development of effective algorithms for photovoltaic power stations controllers, circuit design advancement of converting devices, prediction of power generation, operating modes analysis and optimization for photovoltaic systems. © 2022 E.A.Buketov Karaganda State University Publish House. All rights reserved.
... Hybrid techniques are introduced to compromise between simplicity, accuracy, and computational time. In [54] a combination between numerical and analytical methods is presented where PV output current expression is determined by Lambert W function while the PV voltage is computed numerically by the Newton-Raphson method. Lambert W function along with artificial neural network were employed for determination of PV I-V and PV curves [55]. ...
Photovoltaic (PV) technology is gaining much interest as a clean, sustainable, noise-free source of energy. However, the non-linear behavior of PV modules and their dependency on varying environmental conditions require thorough study and analysis. Many PV modeling techniques have been introduced in the literature, yet they exhibit several complexity levels for parameter extraction and constants estimation for PV power forecast. Comparatively, a simple, accurate, fast, and user friendly PV modeling technique is proposed in this paper featuring the least computational time and effort. Based on function representation of PV curves’ available in PV datasheets, an empirical mathematical equation is derived. The proposed formula is considered a generic tool capable of modeling any PV device under various weather conditions without either parameter estimation nor power prediction. The proposed model is validated using experimental data of commercial PV panels’ manufacturers under various environmental conditions for different power levels. The obtained results verified the effectiveness of the proposed PV model.
... A number of scientific studies are devoted to the development of SB mathematical models and the determination of their parameters [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. We can see the simplest solar cell as a "sandwich" of two p and n type semiconductor wafers which generate an electric current under the influence of solar radiation. ...
For the solar power engineering development it is essential to determine the photovoltaic plant energy indicators by modeling the solar batteries operating modes. To obtain an adequate solar battery model, we need to determine its main parameters on the basis of an equivalent electric circuit. Modeling the solar battery operating mode, it is necessary to take into account the influence of its heating temperature. We propose a combined research algorithm in MS Excel with the installed add-on “Search for a solution” for modeling of solar battery operating mode. We have given the results of modeling the solar battery operating mode where the calculated solar battery maximum power including its heating, satisfactory matches with the experimental data. The research shows that excluding the solar battery heating, the maximum power value and, accordingly, its efficiency are overestimated in comparison with the experimental data. Moreover, the results of modeling excluding its heating do not provide the required accuracy and the modeling mistakes are more than 30% especially at relatively high values of solar radiation. The given model allows to determine the equivalent circuit parameters and determine the solar battery maximum power depending on the considered factors of its heating temperature and the incoming solar energy.
... It is green technology resource, nature-friendly, does not produce emissions that cause greenhouse effect or destroy the ecological balance. It is omnipresent, safe, abundant and freely available [2][3][4]. On average, Pakistan receives about 1kW/m2/day of global solar radiations for 6 to 7 hours. The number of sunshine hours per year in the country is nearly 3000 to 3300 [5]. ...
... There are two ways to use solar energy, namely indirectly through the use of thermal systems and directly via photovoltaic (PV) modules. The applications of solar energy include power generation, solar water pumping, water heating and cooling, street lighting and rural electrification [2,4,6]. ...
Performance of solar photovoltaic water pumping units relies on available solar radiations of the area, geographical conditions and system configurations. This study was conducted to analyze the influence of solar radiation, motor speed and water head on water discharge of a solar water pumping systems (SWPS). For that, a SWPS was installed, configured and its performance was examined at Sadiqabad Colony, Nawabshah for two consecutive months from 12:00 to 13:00 hours. Light meter, Model- HDS 2302.0, Delta OHM was used for measurement of global solar radiation, PROVA-RM 1000 tachometer for motor pump speed and stopwatch for recording of elapsed time for filling up of 30 liters capacity water can. Results revealed that the average minimum solar radiations were 776 W/m2 at 12:00 hours in the month of May and maximum 902 W/m2 at 13:00 hours in the month of June during experimental work. The maximum average motor speed and flow rate were noted at L1 and minimum at L4, whereas, the maximum time taken by the solar water pumping system for filling up of water can at L4 and minimum at L1. The time taken to provide one liter of water was found inversely proportional with motor speed and directly with the water head.
... where E g is the energy gap or band gap for silicon, equal to 1.1 eV for silicon and 1.39 for gallium arsenide [49,57] The value of PV power (considering maximum power point tracking, i.e., MPPT) is then calculated using Equation (8) [57][58][59]. ...
... where E g is the energy gap or band gap for silicon, equal to 1.1 eV for silicon and 1.39 for gallium arsenide [49,57] The value of PV power (considering maximum power point tracking, i.e., MPPT) is then calculated using Equation (8) [57][58][59]. ...
... Based on the parameters given in the PV datasheet, the maximum power (Pmp) is calculated using values given in Table 1 as Pmp = Vmp × Imp. Since Equation (4) is transcendental in nature, the method of Newton-Raphson (NR) iteration was applied to find photovoltaic current, as shown in Figure 4 [1,49,57]. NR algorithm has the advantage of very quick quadratic convergence for initial values near the root; thus, a good solution can be achieved within a few iterative steps [1]. ...
In this work, an improved approach to enhance the training performance of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for prediction of the output of renewable energy systems is proposed. Using the proposed approach, a significant reduction of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) in training performance is achieved, specifically from 4.45 × 10−7 to 3.19 × 10−10. Moreover, a simplified application of the already trained ANN is introduced through which photovoltaic (PV) output can be predicted without the availability of real-time current weather data. Moreover, unlike the existing prediction models, which ask the user to apply multiple inputs in order to forecast power, the proposed model requires only the set of dates specifying forecasting period as the input for prediction purposes. Moreover, in the presence of the historical weather data this model is able to predict PV power for different time spans rather than only for a fixed period. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model has been validated by comparing the predicted power values with the actual ones under different weather conditions. To calculate actual power, the data were obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA and from the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia. It is envisaged that the proposed model can be easily handled by a non-technical user to assess the feasibility of the photovoltaic solar energy system before its installation.
... In [6], the sizing of a PV array for the Malaysian building integrated PV project focused on optimizing parameters for the project's PV array and formulated minimum and maximum number of PV modules in series in a string. In [7], particle swarm optimization was used to derive the maximum PV energy but specifically under shading conditions. Filho et al. [8] derived optimal current and power equations but at the cell level, rather than the array level. ...
Photovoltaic (PV) array installations have been burgeoning in sunny weather regions. In this paper, using the numerical PV array power model [3], and for PV arrays with Np parallel strings, and Ns serially-connected PV cells per string, we derive, by trial and error, the various series–parallel PV array configurations leading to a certain optimum power (10KW). For these various (Np, Ns) configurations generating this output power, we also obtain the equations linking Np to Ns, and formulate the total array cost. The maximum PV array power is mathematically formulated agreeing within a small error with the numerical PV array model results, thereby validating it. The presented mathematical maximum power formulations can be manually used instead of the software implementing the numerical PV array model, when unavailable, to obtain the maximum power and derive the corresponding Np and Ns values leading to it. We also present a method for PV array sizing based on the average power per PV cell. After obtaining the average power per PV cell from the numerical PV array model, the various combinations of number of parallel strings and number of PV modules per string leading to a desired array power can then be obtained and evaluated without further needing the numerical PV array model. It was verified that the proposed array sizing method results agree, within a 0.55% error, with the array configurations obtained laboriously by trial and error from the numerical PV array model. Thus, the mathematical formula and sizing method presented in this paper agree with the results of the numerical PV array model, thereby cross-validating each other.
