Hypothetical pathways compiled from imaging data during acquisition and during retrieval of TWA learning. Color coding: dark blue, sensory/motor cortex; light blue, subcortical regions; green, prefrontal cortical areas; dark red, limbic/MTL areas; light red, limbic output regions. For abbreviations, see list of abbreviations.

Hypothetical pathways compiled from imaging data during acquisition and during retrieval of TWA learning. Color coding: dark blue, sensory/motor cortex; light blue, subcortical regions; green, prefrontal cortical areas; dark red, limbic/MTL areas; light red, limbic output regions. For abbreviations, see list of abbreviations.

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Active avoidance learning is a complex form of aversive feedback learning that in humans and other animals is essential for actively coping with unpleasant, aversive, or dangerous situations. Since the functional circuits involved in two-way avoidance (TWA) learning have not yet been entirely identified, the aim of this study was to obtain an overa...

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... together, as summarized in Figure 5, we were able to identify distinct neuronal circuits specifically recruited during the acquisition and retrieval phases of a two-way avoidance learning task. During acquisition more prefrontal cortical and associative cortical regions displayed elevated rCBF compared to retrieval, which most likely indicates that prior to the emergence of the association between the CS and UCS the animal activates regions involved in working memory in its attempt "to make sense" of the novel learning situation and to figure out an appropriate behavioral strategy. ...