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Hyphal structures of Austeria citrea (Paulus 3946). — a: Tube trama. — b: Subiculum. — c: Hymenial cells. — d: Spores of the holotype.
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The polypore genera Antrodiella, Junghuhnia and Steccherinum have been proven polyphyletic, and are here partly revised based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. The new genera Antella Miettinen, Austeria Miettinen, Butyrea Miettinen, Citripora Miettinen and Trulla Miettinen & Ryvarden are described, and the poroid-hydnoid Metuloidea re-int...
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... Miettinen, gen. nov. (Fig. 2 Polypore genus with one species: pileate small basidiocarps with sulfur-yellow colors and tiny pores (8-12 per mm). Hyphal structure dim- itic throughout, clamps present, weakly cyano- philous, skeletal hyphae narrower in trama (2.8- 3.5 µm in diam.), wider in context (3-5 µm), with distinct lumen, 1/3-3/5 of the hyphal width, ...
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Rhodofomitopsis roseomagna sp. nov. is described as a new species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest based on morphological and molecular analyses. The species is characterized by the brownish to lilac, pileate basidiomata, round pores (5–6 per mm), and cylindrical to subcylindrical basidiospores (4–5 × 2.0–2.5 μm). Phylogenetic analyses based on c...
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... According to an earlier concept (Maas Geesteranus 1974), Steccherinum species are characterized by spinose hymenophore, dimitic hyphal system, clamped generative hyphae, thick-walled tramal cystidia with crystalline incrustations, and variously shaped basidiomata from effused, effusedreflexed, to flabelliform and short-stipitate. In subsequent taxonomic works, three species with simple-septate generative hyphae (Svrček 1973, Ryvarden 1978, Hjortstam 1984, Liu & Dai 2021, Wu & al. 2021) and several species with poroid hymenophore (Knudsen & Hansen 1996, Miettinen & Ryvarden 2016 were included in this genus. As a consequence, the morphological distinctions among the genera Irpex Fr., Steccherinum, and Junghuhnia Corda were blurred. ...
The new species Steccherinum filiferum, from Puerto Rico and Amazonian rainforests of Ecuador, is described. It is characterized by effused basidiomata with hyphal cords, a monomitic hyphal system, simple-septate hyphae, and minute hymenophoral aculei
with encrusted, septate, Candelabrochaete-like cystidia. Because Odontia laxa [≡ Odonticium laxum] is morphologically and phylogenetically similar to S. filiferum, the new combination
Steccherinum laxum is proposed, after studying its type. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that S. filiferum and S. laxum can be differentiated by crystal size and arrangement on the cystidia. A key to the Steccherinum species with simple-septate generative hyphae is provided.
... It is a cosmopolitan genus characterized by a combination of resupinate to effused-reflexed or pileate basidiome with a membranaceous consistencey, hymenophore odontioid to hydnoid, a dimitic hyphal structure with clamp connections or simple-septate generative hyphae, cystidia numerous, strongly encrusted in the obtuse apex, basidia subclavate and basidiospores hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, acyanophilous and negative in Melzer's reagent (Fries, 1821;Gray, 1821;Bernicchia and Gorjoń, 2010). So far, about 80 species have been accepted in this genus worldwide (Fries, 1821;Banker, 1906;Banker, 1912;Cunningham, 1958;Snell and Dick, 1958;Lindsey and Gilbertson, 1977;Ryvarden, 1978;Lindsey and Gilbertson, 1979;Burdsall and Nakasone, 1981;Melo, 1995;Legon and Roberts, 2002;Yuan and Dai, 2005a;Spirin et al., 2007;Hjortstam and Ryvarden, 2008;Bernicchia and Gorjoń, 2010;Miettinen et al., 2012;Yuan and Wu, 2012;Miettinen and Ryvarden, 2016;Westphalen et al., 2018;Liu and Dai, 2021;Westphalen et al., 2021;Wu et al., 2021a;Wu et al., 2021b;Dong et al., 2022). In recent years, several new (Liu and Dai, 2021;Wu et al., 2021a;Wu et al., 2021b;Dong et al., 2022). ...
The wood-inhabiting fungi play an integral role in wood degradation and the cycle of matter in the ecological system. They are considered as the “key player” in wood decomposition, because of their ability to produce all kinds of enzymes that break down woody lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In the present study, three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum fissurutum, S. punctatum and S. subtropicum spp. nov., collected from southern China, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Steccherinum fissurutum is characterized by the resupinate, subceraceous basidiomata with cracked hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and cylindrical basidiospores; S. punctatum is characterized by the annual, punctate basidiomata with leathery hymenophore, cylindrical, strongly encrusted cystidia and ellipsoid basidiospores (3.6–4.5 ×2.6–3.4 µm); S. subtropicum is characterized by its effuse-reflexed basidiomata, a odontioid hymenophore with pink to lilac hymenial surface and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as (2.8–3.4 × 2.0–2.7 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis of the family Steccherinaceae indicated that the three new species clustered into the genus Steccherinum. Based on further analysis of ITS+nLSU dataset, the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that S. subtropicum was sister to S. enuispinum; S. fissurutum formed a monophyletic lineage; S. punctatum grouped with a clade comprised S. straminellum and S. ciliolatum.
... It is a cosmopolitan genus characterized by a combination of resupinate to effused-reflexed or pileate basidiome with a membranaceous consistencey, hymenophore odontioid to hydnoid, a dimitic hyphal structure with clamp connections or simple-septate generative hyphae, cystidia numerous, strongly encrusted in the obtuse apex, basidia subclavate and basidiospores hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, ellipsoid to subcylindrical, acyanophilous and negative in Melzer's reagent (Fries, 1821;Gray, 1821;Bernicchia and Gorjoń, 2010). So far, about 80 species have been accepted in this genus worldwide (Fries, 1821;Banker, 1906;Banker, 1912;Cunningham, 1958;Snell and Dick, 1958;Lindsey and Gilbertson, 1977;Ryvarden, 1978;Lindsey and Gilbertson, 1979;Burdsall and Nakasone, 1981;Melo, 1995;Legon and Roberts, 2002;Yuan and Dai, 2005a;Spirin et al., 2007;Hjortstam and Ryvarden, 2008;Bernicchia and Gorjoń, 2010;Miettinen et al., 2012;Yuan and Wu, 2012;Miettinen and Ryvarden, 2016;Westphalen et al., 2018;Liu and Dai, 2021;Westphalen et al., 2021;Wu et al., 2021a;Wu et al., 2021b;Dong et al., 2022). In recent years, several new (Liu and Dai, 2021;Wu et al., 2021a;Wu et al., 2021b;Dong et al., 2022). ...
The wood-inhabiting fungi play an integral role in wood degradation and the cycle of matter in the ecological system. They are considered as the “key player” in wood decomposition, because of their ability to produce all kinds of enzymes that break down woody lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. In the present study, three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum fissurutum, S. punctatum and S. subtropicum spp. nov., collected from southern China, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Steccherinum fissurutum is characterized by the resupinate, subceraceous basidiomata with cracked hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and cylindrical basidiospores; S. punctatum is characterized by the annual, punctate basidiomata with leathery hymenophore, cylindrical, strongly encrusted cystidia and ellipsoid basidiospores (3.6–4.5 ×2.6–3.4 µm); S. subtropicum is characterized by its effuse-reflexed basidiomata, a odontioid hymenophore with pink to lilac hymenial surface and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as (2.8–3.4 × 2.0–2.7 µm). Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The ITS+nLSU analysis of the family Steccherinaceae indicated that the three new species clustered into the genus Steccherinum. Based on further analysis of ITS+nLSU dataset, the phylogenetic analysis confirmed that S. subtropicum was sister to S. enuispinum; S. fissurutum formed a monophyletic lineage; S. punctatum grouped with a clade comprised S. straminellum and S. ciliolatum.
... Based on this information we decided to exclude it from the species accepted in the genus. Similar basidiome morphology and coloration is found in Austeria and Citripora (Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016), but there are no records of tissues redding in KOH in these genera. Such reaction is observed in some genera in the phlebiod clade, as Hapalopilus and Luteoporia. ...
The genus Flaviporus (Polyporales, Steccherinaceae) includes species of polypores with watery and resinous basidiomes that shrink and become very hard upon drying. Recent studies indicated that F. liebmannii, one of the most common species of the genus in the Neotropics, is polyphyletic. In addition, several names have been associated with Flaviporus in the past, but have not been revised and/or discussed recently. In this study, we aimed to identify monophyletic groups in the genus based on morphological features and a multigene molecular phylogeny. We prepared two different datasets to infer phylogenetic relationships, one based in four genes (ITS, ncLSU rDNA, TEF1-α, and RPB1) to evaluate the position of the genus within the Steccherinaceae, and a separate phylogeny based on two genes (ITS and ncLSU) to evaluate species-level boundaries within Flaviporus. Based on the data obtained, the new species Flaviporus lacteus is proposed. In addition, F. liebmannii is confirmed to form a species complex including at least two different species, F. liebmannii s.s., and F. subglobisporus comb. et stat. nov. Full descriptions of the new taxa proposed, as well as comments on all species accepted in the genus are provided.
... According to Larsson et al. (2004), the phlebioid clade has been divided into three subclades, which were also distinct based on morphology. Larsson (2007) called these clades the Byssomerulius family, Phanerochaetaceae, and Meruliaceae, which is in line with subsequent works (Floudas & Hibbett 2015;Miettinen et al. 2016). Members of the clade are characterized by a monomitic hyphal system, a bipolar mating system, and the capability to cause white rot wood decay, with the exception of Leptoporus mollis (Pers.) ...
... Núñez & Ryvarden (2001), B. japonica is differentiated from B. luteoalba by the presence of gloeocystidia. However, the presence of gloeocystidia was reported in B. luteoalba later, by Vampola (2009) and Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016). Based on Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016), the only available character for separating both species is the width of basidiospores. ...
... However, the presence of gloeocystidia was reported in B. luteoalba later, by Vampola (2009) and Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016). Based on Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016), the only available character for separating both species is the width of basidiospores. Basidiospores of B. luteoalba are always less than or up to 2 µm wide, whereas, those of B. japonica are greater than 2 µm (Núñez & Ryvarden 2001;Miettinen & Ryvarden 2016). ...
The book "The Polyporales of Kerala" presents an account on the diversity and taxonomy of the order Polyporales of Kerala State, India. Detailed taxonomic descriptions, keys, and photographs to species belonging to 48 genera and 12 families are provided. Identifications are based on morphological and molecular characterization, and follow the latest phylogenetic concepts in polyporoid taxonomy.
... Metuloidea is characterized mostly by brownish pileate basidiomes, the di-trimitic hyphal system with branched, yellowish skeletal hyphae, and a strong sweet smell in fresh specimens (also present in mycelium cultures). The genus resembles Steccherinum morphologically, whose species are generally resupinate to effused-reflexed, not browncolored and lack the sweet smell reported in almost all the species of Metuloidea (Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016). The cystidia are highly variable in species of Metuloidea, ranging from clavate, similar to species in Steccherinum s. str. ...
... Steccherinum is a large genus with a worldwide distribution. Currently, it includes many hydnoid and poroid species (Miettinen et al. 2012;Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016;Westphalen et al. 2018). Morphologically, the genus is homogeneous, presenting a dimitic hyphal system, small basidiospores, and encrusted skeletocystida. ...
The family Steccherinaceae includes genera with smooth, hydnoid, and poroid hymenophores, monomitic to dimitic hyphal systems, and generative hyphae with clamps or simple septa. Steccherinum is the largest genus in the family, with a worldwide distribution, and is characterized mainly by a dimitic hyphal system and presence of thick-walled encrusted cystidia. Species traditionally included in Steccherinum, however, have been transferred to other genera based on results of molecular phylogenetic analyses. Even though knowledge of Steccherinaceae has increased in the past few years, very little is known about the hydnoid species of the family, especially from the Neotropics. In this study, we present morphological and phylogenetic analyses on hydnoid specimens of Steccherinaceae collected in the Neotropics. Molecular data of nuc internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS rDNA (ITS) and portions of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb1) were obtained from Brazilian collections. Types and original collections were studied for morphological comparison. Samples we studied grouped in four different genera of Steccherinaceae: Cabalodontia, Etheirodon, Metuloidea, and Steccherinum. Three new neotropical species, Cabalodontia delicata, Etheirodon purpureum, and Steccherinum larssonii, are described. In addition, the new combinations Cabalodontia albofibrillosa and Metuloidea reniformis are proposed. The four genera presented in this study are compared and discussed in detail.
... Many of the taxa detected, e.g. Botryobasidium simile, B. luteoalba, Cryptococcus tephrensis, Dacrymycetes, E. flexella and Glaciozyma spp., are psychrophilic, prefering low temperatures (Vishniac, 2002;Miettinen and Ryvarden, 2016). They are known mostly from subarctic and low-temperate zones or high latitudes, for example even in driftwood in the Arctic at Svalbard (Shaw and Thompson, 2006;Shirouzu et al., 2009Shirouzu et al., , 2013Turchetti et al., 2011;Węgrzyn et al., 2015). ...
Abundance of fungi and richness of fungal communities were studied in coarse wood debris of Scots pine in stands that were unmanaged or managed (by sanitary cutting, commercial thinning and timber harvesting) in an 85-year-old Scots pine forest in western Poland, in June 2014. Samples consisted of 20 × 20 × 20 cm pieces of logs, fallen branches and stumps, in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decay classes. Fungal communities were analysed using high throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing of fungal rDNA internal transcribed spacer. From a total of 80 076 OTUs from 34 samples, 58 436 (72.98%) were of culturable fungi and 21 640 (27.02%) were of non-culturable fungi and other organisms. Fungi from Glomeromycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were detected. In the unmanaged stand the frequency of Glomeromycota was 0–0.2%, of Zygomycota 0.01–0.29%, of Ascomycota 30.47–79.08%, of Basidiomycota 1.56–16.45%, and of non-culturable fungi 7.28–65.51%. In the managed stand the frequency of Glomeromycota was 0–0.12%, of Zygomycota 0.04–1.48%, of Ascomycota 52.25–68.33%, of Basidiomycota 8.01–18.05%, and of non-culturable fungi 10.54–26.09%. Fungal communities in coarse dead wood were shown to be huge complexes which include many previously undifferentiated taxa that often occupy specific ecological niches. Samples were colonized by at least 260 taxa of fungi. Fungi were most abundant and fungal communities most species-rich in the managed stand and in the initial stages of wood decay. Known wood-decay species were most abundant in the less decayed wood. Management practice influenced density and diversity of fungal communities in decayed wood. Illumina technology proved to be more effective in detection of fungi than analysis based on fungal morphology in culture or Sanger DNA sequencing.
... Gothenburg 1488 JN710607 JN710607 Systematics of the Polyporales has benefitted from numerous molecular phylogenetic studies (e.g., Binder & al. 2005Binder & al. , 2013Larsson 2007;Dai & al. 2015;Choi & Kim 2017). Steccherinaceae Parmasto, one of 18 families recognized in Polyporales (Justo & al. 2017), has been included in several molecular studies (e.g., Binder & al. 2005Binder & al. , 2013Miettinen & Ryvarden 2016;Justo & al. 2017;Westphalen & al. 2018). published a multigene, molecular phylogenetic study of Steccherinum and allied taxa that clearly delineated Steccherinaceae. ...
... They uncovered surprising morphological diversity and plasticity in this family, requiring revision of generic concepts and 15 new genera to accommodate existing and new species. Subsequently, Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016) introduced five new genera, revised one genus, and described two new species that had been identified earlier by . Justo & al. (2017) Cosmopolitan in distribution, Steccherinaceae has a rich diversity because it is found in boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical ecosystems (Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Dai 2012, Ryvarden & Melo 2014, Dai & al. 2015, Zhou & al. 2016). ...
A new, white-rot, poroid, wood-inhabiting fungal genus, Rhomboidia , typified by R. wuliangshanensis , is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Collected from subtropical Yunnan Province in southwest China, Rhomboidia is characterized by annual, stipitate basidiomes with rhomboid pileus, a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with thin, hyaline, smooth walls. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU nuclear RNA gene regions showed that Rhomboidia is in Steccherinaceae and formed as distinct, monophyletic lineage within a subclade that includes Nigroporus , Trullella , and Flabellophora .
... The genus is morphologically similar to Steccherinum Gray, which differs by the presence of cystidia (Ryvarden and Johansen 1980;Westphalen et al. 2018), and Tyromyces P. Karst., which contains monomitic or dimitic species with a predominance of generative hyphae and heterocytic nuclear behavior (Rajchenberg 2011). Recent studies have shown that Antrodiella in the broad sense is highly polyphyletic, and several new genera have been proposed to accommodate some of its species (Miettinen et al. 2012;Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016;Westphalen et al. 2016b). In addition, some species that belong to other genera, such as Loweomyces (Kotl. ...
... Some of these have been shown to differ from Antrodiella s. str. morphologically and phylogenetically and recently combined into new genera (Miettinen and Ryvarden 2016;Westphalen et al. 2016b;Gómez-Montoya et al. 2017b). However, molecular data for most of Neotropical Antrodiella are lacking. ...
... For the multigene analysis, only specimens with at least three of four gene sequences were selected to avoid an excess of missing data. Reference sequences for both data sets were chosen based on studies in Miettinen et al. (2012), Miettinen and Ryvarden (2016), Westphalen et al. (2016b), Justo et al. (2017), and by BLAST searches of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The sequences used in this study are summarized in TABLE 1. ...
The genus Antrodiella includes resupinate and pileate species of polypores with a dimitic hyphal system, small, globose to cylindrical basidiospores, absence of cystidia, tetrapolar mating system, and haplo-dikaryotic nuclear behavior. Recent studies, however, indicate that Antrodiella is highly polyphyletic, so many of its species have been transferred to other genera. This study reviews the systematic status and diversity of Antrodiella from the Neotropics based, in part, on studies of type specimens. Collections from Brazil were used for molecular analysis of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and portions of genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). Eight genera are confirmed to include Neotropical species treated as Antrodiella in a broad sense: Aegis, Antrodiella s. str., Flaviporus, Metuloidea, Mycorrhaphium, Rickiopora, Trametopsis, and Trullella. Molecular data reveal the occurrence of two new species, described as Antrodiella trivialis, the only Neotropical species of Antrodiella s. str. known so far, and Mycorrhaphium hispidum. In addition, Antrodiella luteocontexta was found to nest in the genus Aegis, close to the Grifolaceae and Polyporaceae; therefore, the new combination Aegis luteocontexta is proposed. Comments on the eight Antrodiella-related genera as well as species with uncertain taxonomic position are provided, together with a key to their identification.
... al 2013, the Steccherinum clade is not yet resolved and more data are needed to better understand the evolutionary relations of its species. Under current knowledge, we decided to consider Steccherinum in a wide sense and to transfer the studied species into this genus, agreeing with Miettinen & Ryvarden (2016). The current wide delimitation of Steccherinum has a high phylogenetic support and can be defined morphologically by dimitic species with en- crusted skeletocystidia and small subglobose to subcylindrical spores. ...
Junghuhnia is a genus of polypores traditionally characterised by a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and presence of encrusted skeletocystidia. However, recent molecular studies revealed that Junghuhnia is polyphyletic and most of the species cluster with Steccherinum, a morphologically similar genus separated only by a hydnoid hymenophore. In the Neotropics, very little is known about the evolutionary relationships of Junghuhnia s.lat. taxa and very few species have been included in molecular studies. In order to test the proper phylogenetic placement of Neotropical species of this group, morphological and molecular analyses were carried out. Specimens were collected in Brazil and used for DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene. Herbarium collections, including type specimens, were studied for morphological comparison and to confirm the identity of collections. The molecular data obtained revealed that the studied species are placed in three different genera. Specimens of Junghuhnia carneola represent two distinct species that group in a lineage within the phlebioid clade, separated from Junghuhnia and Steccherinum, which belong to the residual polyporoid clade. Therefore, the new genus Geesterania is proposed including two species, G. carneola comb. nov. and G. davidii sp. nov. Neotropical specimens identified as Junghuhnia nitida represent a different lineage from the European species and are described as Steccherinum neonitidum sp. nov. In addition, the new combinations Steccherinum meridionale, Steccherinum polycystidiferum and Steccherinum undigerum, as well as the new name Flaviporus tenuis, are proposed.
