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Hyloscirtus japreria sp. nov. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of the holotype (MHNLS 19236, male) in preservative. Dorsal (c) and ventral (d) views of a paratype (MHNLS 19235, female) in preservative. Scale bars represent 10 mm. Photos: F.J.M. Rojas-Runjaic.
Source publication
A new species of Hyloscirtus, belonging to the H. bogotensis species Group, is described from the Venezuelan and Co-lombian slopes of the Sierra de Perijá. The new species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: mental gland present, disc-shaped and small; ulnar, outer, and inner tarsal folds...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... by having ulnar and tarsal folds (absent in both); finally, from H. mashpi by having an inner tarsal fold delineated with a whitish stripe (inner tarsal fold and whitish stripe absent in H. mashpi) and by lacking a dark brown middorsal stripe (present in H. mashpi). A NEW HYLOSCIRTUS FROM PERIJÁ Description of the holotype. An adult male (Figs. 2a-b) of 29.9 mm SVL. Body relatively slender (about 2.4 times longer than wide). Head slightly wider than long (HW: 35.6% of SVL; HeL: 32.9% of SVL; HeL/HW: 0.9). Snout rounded in dorsal view and profile (Figs. 3a,c). Eye-naris distance slightly shorter than eye diameter (EN/ ED: 0.9). Canthus rostralis distinct, slightly concave in dorsal ...
Context 2
... of the holotype in preservative (after eight years, May 2017). Dorsal and ventral background color pale cream (Fig. 2a-b). Head, lower jaw, and all dorsal surfaces (except fingers I-II and toes I-III), with dense and fine pale brown punctuation. Whitish stripes on border of upper eyelids, inner and outer tarsal fold, dorsal internal surface of shanks, and mid-dorsal, all barely visible; whitish and more defined stripes on the supratympanic, ulnar and ...
Context 3
... and color variation. Hyloscirtus japreria sp. nov. exhibits sexual dimorphism in size (Fig. 2), with adult females larger than males (males: 28.8-32.7 mm [30.3 ± 1.1; n = 17] of SVL vs. females: 35.6-39.1 mm [37.1 ± 1.4; n = 5]). Mental gland, vocal slits and vocal sac are secondary sexual characters present in males and absent in females. Variation of general morphometric characters of the type series is shown in Table 2. The ...
Citations
... is a stream-dwelling genus that occurs from Costa Rica in Central America to Bolivia in western South America and Venezuela and currently includes 40 species (Frost 2024). The species are divided among four species groups: the H. armatus, H. bogotensis, H. larinopygion, and H. jahni groups (Faivovich et al. 2005;Sánchez 2010;Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018;Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2021;Reyes-Puig et al. 2022;Sánchez-Nivicela et al. 2023). ...
... We complemented our new data with the corresponding 12S and 16S rRNA sequences of species in the H. armatus, H. bogotensis, and H. larinopygion, and H. jahni groups available on GenBank produced by Darst & Cannatella (2004), Faivovich et al. (2005, Wiens et al. (2006), Coloma et al. (2012), Almendáriz et al. (2014, Guayasamin et al. (2015), Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018), Ron et al. (2018), Yánez-Muñoz et al. (2021), and Reyes-Puig et al. (2022). ...
We present the description of a novel treefrog species inhabiting the Andean streams in southeastern Ecuador that has been erroneously identified as Hyloscirtus lindae for four decades. The new species is closely related to H. tapichalaca and is part of the southern clade of the H. larinopygion group, which comprises five species confined to the southeastern Andes of Ecuador to the northeastern Andes of Peru. It is diagnosed from its close relatives by a unique combination of characteristics, including hypertrophied forelimbs in males, a pronounced, curved, and protruding spine-shaped prepollex, a substantial supracloacal flap, supratympanic fold, digital discs colored in shades of orange-red or bright-red, and the concealed surfaces of limbs displaying a bluish-gray hue and dorsal spicules in males. We briefly explore the implications of this discovery for the evolution of arm morphology in the H. larinopygion group. Our findings underscore the continued importance of periodically reviewing historical specimens, leading to unexpected discoveries; once again confirming the importance of natural history museums and their custodian biological collections.
... South America holds about half of all amphibian species in the world (Duellman 1999), and there has been a recent burst of species descriptions in the region using molecular, morphometric, and acoustic data (e.g. in Colombia: Rivera-Correa et al. 2016, Márquez et al. 2017, Acosta-Galvis 2018, Marin et al. 2018, Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018, Escalona et al. 2021. However, traits that mediate speciation are largely unstudied in anurans, and only body size and colour pattern have been evaluated in ecological differentiation and assortative mating (Wollenberg-Valero et al. 2019). ...
Dendropsophus molitor is a hylid frog endemic to the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, where it exhibits extensive geographic variation in size and colour pattern. Previous multivariate analyses of acoustic and genetic data suggested that northern and southern populations of D. molitor were distinct lineages, and consequently, the northern populations were described as Dendropsophus luddeckei. In this study, we conducted morphometric and genetic analyses of populations of D. molitor and D. luddeckei to test the validity of this recent taxonomic split. We sequenced the mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S, and COI, and the nuclear marker POMC, and also tested whether variation in the MC1R gene was associated with colour polymorphism in these frogs. Phylogenetic analyses recovered D. molitor and D. luddeckei as polyphyletic and species delimitation tests failed to recover them as separate lineages. Genetic differentiation between populations was mostly explained by high intra- and interpopulation variation in the absence of a north-south split, and we found no differences in morphometry between northern and southern populations. In addition, the coding region of MC1R is not associated with colour polymorphism. Thus, multiple lines of evidence suggest that D. luddeckei is not a valid species and D. molitor should be considered a single species. Our study highlights the danger of taxonomic inflation in the face of limited geographic sampling and a lack of clear diagnostic characters.
... The Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group has been diagnosed by having a large body size (SVL>60 mm) and dark brown or grey dorsum with pale marks (Duellman et al. 2016;Ron et al. 2018). Two strongly supported clades are identified within this species group, showing latitudinal replacement among each other and sympatry in central and southern Ecuador (Almendáriz et al. 2014;Rivera-Correa et al. 2016;Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018;Ron et al. 2018;Reyes-Puig et al. 2022). Fourteen species distributed across the Andes of southern Colombia and southern Ecuador are part of the northern clade of the H. larinopygion species group. ...
... We reviewed diagnostic characters used for the taxonomy of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion species group based on data obtained from the direct study of specimens, photographs of preserved and live frogs with verified identification from Anfibios del Ecuador BioWeb database (Ron et al. 2019), CalPhotos (Berkeley Natural History Museums 2012) and MCZbase (Museum of Comparative Zoology 2022); and from the literature, including original descriptions (Duellman 1973;Duellman and Altig 1978;Duellman and Berger 1982;Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch 1982;Duellman and Hillis 1990;Ardila-Robayo et al. 1993;Duellman and Coloma 1993;Faivovich et al. 2005;Faivovich and De la Riva 2006;Mueses-Cisneros and Anganoy-Criollo 2008;Coloma et al. 2012;Rivera-Correa and Faivovich 2013;Almendáriz et al. 2014;Duellman et al. 2016;Rivera-Correa et al. 2016;Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018;Ron et al. 2018;Yánez-Muñoz et al. 2021;Reyes-Puig et al. 2022 Format, definitions, and terminology used for the species description follow standards proposed by Duellman (1970) and Duellman and Hillis (1990). Webbing formulae follow the notation system proposed by Savage and Heyer (1967) and Myers and Duellman (1982). ...
... Species of the northern clade are morphological distinct from species of the southern clade as follows (condition for species of the southern clade in parentheses): HW/HL < 1.1 (HW/HL ≥ 1.1); longer snouts, usually EN/ED > 0.75 (EN/ED < 0.65); dentigerous processes of vomer in contact or slightly separated and having numerous vomerine teeth (widely separated, with few vomerine teeth); forearms robust and slightly thicker than upper arm (forearms and arms hypertrophied, similar to species of the Hyloscirtus armatus species group); enlarged, broad, elliptical prepollex, hidden under thenar tubercle (protruding, curved prepollical spine); colouration on dorsum different from colouration on flanks, hidden surfaces of thighs and venter (coloration similar on dorsal, flanks and venter) (Fig. 1). The distinction between both clades of the H. larinopygion species group has been consistently identified in several studies (Almendáriz et al. 2014;Rivera-Correa et al. 2016;Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018;Ron et al. 2018). ...
Recent surveys in the Río Negro-Sopladora National Park revealed a striking new species of Hyloscirtus . The new species is easily diagnosed from all other congeners by its large body size (64.9 mm SVL in adult female); broad dermal fringes in fingers and toes; prepollex not projected into a prepollical spine and hidden under thenar tubercle; dorsum greyish-green, with paler-hued reticulum, yellow spots and black speckles; throat, venter, flanks and hidden surfaces of limbs golden-yellow with large black blotches and spots; fingers, toes and webbing yellow with black bars and spots; iris pale pink with black periphery. It is currently known only from its type locality, in the high montane forest on the southern slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes, southeastern Ecuador. The new species might be related to the H. larinopygion species group based on its morphology.
... Originally described as a member of Hyla by Rivero (1961) and then transferred to the resurrected genus Hyloscirtus by Faivovich et al. (2005) on the basis of morphological evidence. Its phylogenetic position was corroborated by Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018) using molecular data. Centrolenella estevesi Rivero, 1968 is a junior synonym of this species (Barrio-Amorós et al. 2019). ...
... As the monophyly of these groups was supported by molecular and morphological evidence, they continued to be recognized as species groups of Hyloscirtus . More recently Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018) recognized a fourth species group, the H. jahni group. ...
We describe the larval morphology of the stream-dwelling tadpole of Hyloscirtus antioquia based on specimens from the type locality, Antioquia, Colombia. The larvae of H. antioquia (belong to the suctorial ecomorphological guild) show morphological characters commonly associated with lotic habitats, like a depressed body, low fins, long tail, well-developed tail musculature, and oral disc with many labial tooth rows. In addition, the larvae of H. antioquia have the anterior and posterior jaw sheath with small serrations and the inner margin of nostrils with one simple triangular fleshy projection. As in other cases in Hyloscirtus, the tadpole H. antioquia has a large saccular structure that encloses the vent tube, and partially covers the hindlimbs during their development, and also it has the ventrolateral, unpigmented spots in the region proximal to the vent tube. Finally, some aspects concerning the larvae of the tribe Cophomantini are discussed.
... Endemic to the Neotropics, it reaches its highest species richness in the northern Andes (Faivovich et al., 2005;Coloma et al., 2012;Frost, 2021). With 37 formally described species, several studies have determined that Hyloscirtus contains four species groups: H. bogotensis group, H. armatus group, H. larinopygion group and H. jahni group (Duellman, 1972(Duellman, , 1973Faivovich et al., 2005;Rojas-Runjaic et al., 2018). The H. bogotensis group currently includes 17 species distributed across the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, and the lowlands of Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru (Faivovich et al., 2005;Guayasamin et al., 2015;Rivera-Correa, García-Burneo & Grant, 2016;Ron et al., 2018). ...
... Our inferred phylogeny is congruent with other studies that support the monophyly of the Hyloscirtus bogotensis species group (Rojas-Runjaic et al., 2018, Guayasamin et al., 2015. This work shows high support for a clade formed by species of the Hyloscirtus alytolylax complex, including H. mashpi, H. conscientia, and a new candidate species from southwestern Ecuador. ...
We provide several lines of evidence to delimit a new species of Hyloscirtus and define its phylogenetic position inside the Hyloscirtus bogotensis group. The new species is the sister taxon to Hyloscirtus mashpi and is related to a clade formed by H. alytolylax and a putative new species from the province of El Oro in, southwestern Ecuador. Hyloscirtus conscientia sp. nov. is described from the montane forests of the Mira River basin in the extreme northwestern Ecuador. The new species is characterized as follows: tympanic annulus conspicuous, tip of snout in dorsal view subacuminate, middorsal stripe formed by melanophores larger and less dense, dorsal skin with individual iridophores forming dots, scarcely distributed across dorsum. Our study also highlights the importance of the Mira River Valley as a biogeographic barrier; suggesting research efforts north and south of the valley are likely to reveal additional endemic cryptic diversity. Finally, our partnership with Reserva: The Youth Land Trust, Rainforest Trust and EcoMinga Foundation has produced a novel and meaningful way to connect young people with biodiversity discovery and habitat conservation.
... The use of bromeliads as vocalization sites is known for several species of other genera within Cophomantini (see [89][90][91][92][93]), including other species of Bokermannohyla [33,44,94]. However, the use of bromeliads for breeding (spawning and development of tadpoles) has been recorded only for Boana pardalis, although it was interpreted as a case of behavioral plasticity in relation to its most common reproductive mode (i.e., oviposition in natural or constructed basins, reproductive mode 4 [10,95]). ...
Anurans have the greatest diversity of reproductive modes among tetrapod vertebrates, with at least 41 being currently recognized. We describe a new reproductive mode for anurans, as exhibited by the Paranapiacaba Treefrog, Bokermannohyla astartea, an endemic and poorly known species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest belonging to the B. circumdata group. We also describe other aspects of its reproductive biology, that are relevant to understanding the new reproductive mode, such as courtship behavior, spawning, and tadpoles. Additionally, we redescribe its advertisement call and extend its vocal repertoire by describing three additional call types: courtship, amplectant, and presumed territorial. The new reproductive mode exhibited by B. astartea consists of: (1) deposition of aquatic eggs in leaf-tanks of terrestrial or epiphytic bromeliads located on or over the banks of temporary or permanent streams; (2) exotrophic tadpoles remain in the leaf-tanks during initial stages of development (until Gosner stage 26), after which they presumably jump or are transported to streams after heavy rains that flood their bromeliad tanks; and (3) tadpole development completes in streams. The tadpoles of B. astartea are similar to those of other species of the B. circumdata group, although with differences in the spiracle, eyes, and oral disc. The vocal repertoire of B. astartea exhibits previously unreported acoustic complexity for the genus. Bokermannohyla astartea is the only bromeligenous species known to date among the 187 known species within the tribe Cophomantini. We further discuss evolutionary hypotheses for the origin of this novel reproductive mode.
... The recovered relationships among genera of Cophomantini are congruent with all previous analyses (e.g., Duellman et al., 2016;Faivovich et al., 2005Faivovich et al., , 2013Pinheiro et al., 2019a;Wiens et al., 2010;Lyra et al., in press). Our parsimony results for Hyloscirtus, however (Fig. 1), differ from those of Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018) in that H. jahni is recovered as the sister taxon of our only exemplar of the H. bogotensis Group, instead of sister taxon of all species of Hyloscirtus. Our taxon sampling differs fundamentally from that of Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018), and as such it does not constitute a valid test of their results. ...
... Our parsimony results for Hyloscirtus, however (Fig. 1), differ from those of Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018) in that H. jahni is recovered as the sister taxon of our only exemplar of the H. bogotensis Group, instead of sister taxon of all species of Hyloscirtus. Our taxon sampling differs fundamentally from that of Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018), and as such it does not constitute a valid test of their results. Relationships among most species groups of Boana are poorly supported (Caminer and Ron, 2020;Faivovich et al., 2013;Pinheiro et al., 2019a;Sturaro et al., 2020;Lyra et al., in press) and this is observed in our results. ...
... , 2013),Wiens et al. (2005),Antunes et al. (2008),Koscinsky et al. (2008),Köhler et al. (2010),Lehr et al. (2010),Coloma et al. (2012),Berneck et al. (2016),Orrico et al. (2017),Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018), and Pinheiro et al.(2019a); see these papers for details regarding vouchers. Collection codes are those of Sabaj (2019), with the exception of the following, related to voucher specimens of sequences produced for this study: AMS: Field number of Arturo Muñoz S. (to be accesioned in MHNC-A). ...
In this paper we present a phylogenetic analysis of the treefrogs of the Boana pulchella Group with the goals of (1) providing a rigorous test its monophyly; (2) providing a test of relationships supported in previous studies; and (3) exploring the relationships of the several species not included in previous analyses. The analyses included more than 300 specimens of 37 of the 38 species currently included in the group, plus 36 outgroups, exemplars of the diversity of Boana and the other genera of the hylid tribe Cophomantini. The dataset included eight mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, CytB, COI, ND1, and the tRNAIle, tRNALeu, and tRNAVal) and five nuclear genes (RHO, TYR, RAG-1, CXCR4, SIAH 1). The phylogenetic analyses recover the monophyly of the B. pulchella Group with lower support than previous analyses, as a result of the inclusion of the B. claresignata Group, which is recovered as its sister taxon. Within the B. pulchella Group, the inclusion of almost all species of the group had little impact on previous notions of its phylogeny, except for the rejection of the hypothesized B. polytaenia Clade (B. goiana and B. phaeopleura are nested in the clade here called the B. prasina Clade), which is redefined. Phylogenetic support is strong for five major clades, which collectively include all but three of the species sampled: the B. balzani Clade (B. aguilari, B. balzani, B. gladiator, B. melanopleura, B. palaestes), the redefined B. polytaenia Clade (B. botumirim, B. buriti, B. cipoensis, B. jaguariaivensis, B. leptolineata, B. polytaenia, B. stenocephala, and two undescribed species), the B. prasina Clade (B. bischoffi, B. caingua, B. cordobae, B. goiana, B. guentheri, B. marginata, B. phaeopleura, B. prasina, B. pulchella, and one undescribed species), the B. riojana Clade (B. callipleura, B. marianitae, B. riojana), the B. semiguttata Clade (B. caipora, B. curupi, B. joaquini, B. poaju, B. semiguttata, B. stellae, and two undescribed species). The monophyly of the B. prasina + B. riojana clades, and that of B. polytaenia + B. semiguttata are well-supported. The relationships among these two clades, the B. balzani Clade, B. ericae + B. freicanecae, and B. cambui (representing the deepest phylogenetic splits within the B. pulchella Group) are recovered with weak support. We discuss the phenotypic evidence supporting the monophyly of the B. pulchella Group, and the taxonomy of several species, identifying three new synonyms of Boana polytaenia, one new synonym of Boana goiana, and one new synonym of B. riojana.
... Of the seven currently recognized hyline tribes , Cophomantini is among those that have received comparatively more attention (e.g. Coloma et al., 2012;Faivovich et al., 2013;Guayasamin et al., 2015;Caminer & Ron, 2014;Berneck et al., 2016;Fouquet et al., 2016;Orrico et al., 2017;Peloso et al., 2018;Rojas-Runjaic et al., 2018;Pinheiro et al., 2019). Exemplar species of the genera Myersiohyla, Nesorohyla and specimens of most species groups recognized in Aplastodiscus, Boana, Bokermannohyla and Hyloscirtus were included in phylogenetic analyses, sometimes with reasonably good or nearly complete taxonomic sampling (Faivovich et al., 2013;Berneck et al., 2016;Rojas-Runjaic et al., 2018;Pinheiro et al., 2019). ...
... Coloma et al., 2012;Faivovich et al., 2013;Guayasamin et al., 2015;Caminer & Ron, 2014;Berneck et al., 2016;Fouquet et al., 2016;Orrico et al., 2017;Peloso et al., 2018;Rojas-Runjaic et al., 2018;Pinheiro et al., 2019). Exemplar species of the genera Myersiohyla, Nesorohyla and specimens of most species groups recognized in Aplastodiscus, Boana, Bokermannohyla and Hyloscirtus were included in phylogenetic analyses, sometimes with reasonably good or nearly complete taxonomic sampling (Faivovich et al., 2013;Berneck et al., 2016;Rojas-Runjaic et al., 2018;Pinheiro et al., 2019). The only exception persisting in Cophomantini in terms of a species group that has not been available for molecular phylogenetic analysis is the Bokermannohyla claresignata species group. ...
... Our results are congruent with previous studies in that Myersiohyla and Nesorohyla are early diverging genera, with the position of the latter being poorly supported, in this case as sister to the former in the parsimony analysis ( Fig. 1; Supporting Information, Appendix S4). Our results for Hyloscirtus are congruent with the recent hypotheses of Rojas-Runjaic et al. (2018) and Ron et al. (2018) in the recognition of four species groups (the Hyloscirtus armatus, Hyloscirtus bogotensis, Hyloscirtus jahni and Hyloscirtus larinopygion groups). ...
The two species of the Bokermannohyla claresignata species group (Anura: Hylidae) have not been collected for the last four decades. It is the only species group of the hyline tribe Cophomantini that has not yet been analysed genetically. Its phylogenetic position is thus uncertain, and it has a combination of adult and larval character states that make this group a crucial missing piece that hinders our understanding of Cophomantini phylogenetics and character evolution. We obtained DNA sequences from a museum larval specimen of Bok. claresignata, using specialized extraction methods and high-throughput DNA sequencing, and combined the molecular phylogenetic results with available phenotypic information to provide new insights into the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of its species group. Our phylogenetic results place Bok. claresignata as sister to the Boana pulchella group, supporting its inclusion in Boana, together with Bokermannohyla clepsydra. In light of this new finding, we recognize a newly defined Boana claresignata group to accommodate these species, thus resolving both the polyphyly of Bokermannohyla and the paraphyly of Boana. Considering the phylogenetic relationships of the Boana claresignata group, we also discuss the evolution of suctorial tadpoles and mature oocyte/egg pigmentation in Cophomantini.
... Tachiramantis remains a poorly known genus, distributed in a region undersampled by systematic studies using molecular data (Heinicke et al. 2015) and with vast areas poorly inventoried for amphibians, as the Sierra de Perijá (Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2011;Meza-Joya 2016;Rojas-Runjaic et al. 2018) and the Tamá massif (Acevedo et al. 2014;Meza-Joya et al. 2019). Thus, we expect that the inclusion of both new and already described terraranas currently allocated to Pristimantis, in future molecular phylogenies, will result in the discovery of additional members of Tachiramantis. ...
Pristimantis lassoalcalai Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Barros, 2010 is a poorly known terrarana, endemic to the eastern slope of Sierra de Perijá in Venezuela. Although a close relationship of this species with Tachiramantis has been suspected based on its overall morphological similarity, this relationship had not been tested so far. On the basis of molecular data (two fragments of the 12S and 16S mtDNA genes) obtained from the type series, we reconstruct its evolutionary relationships and establish its phylogenetic position as a member of Tachiramantis. Based on this phylogenetic hypothesis, we transfer Pristimantis lassoalcalai to Tachiramantis as Tachiramantis lassoalcalai comb. nov. In addition, we describe its advertisement call. This is the fourth known species of the genus and the second to which its vocalization is described.
