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The lightweight, low-density, and low-cost natural polymers like cellulose, chitosan, and silk have good chemical and biodegradable properties due to their individually unique structural and functional elements. However, the mechanical properties of these polymers differ from each other. In this scenario, chitosan lacks good mechanical properties t...
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... The beneficial size-related physicochemical features demonstrated by Ag NPs in cutting-edge electronic, optical, catalytic, and magneticmaterialsstimulated additional exploration beyond their natural applications linked to antibacterial activity. The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for antimicrobial purposes is problematic for a number of reasons, one of which is that the Ag NPs degrade or lose their anti-pathogenic efficacy when exposed to environments rich in bacteria [16][17][18][19][20]. Thus, efforts are directed towards stabilizing Ag NPs [21], Inorganic [22], organic [23], synthetic [24], biotic [25], and abiotic [26] capping agents have been utilized to stabilize silver nanoparticles in solution. ...
... Plants and microorganisms (such as bacteria, yeast, algae, and fungus) are thought to be beneficial natural manufacturers that produce AgNPs [30][31][32]. Silver nanoparticles of various sizes and forms (nanocubes, nanospheres, bipyramids, nanobars, nanorice, nanoplates [18], and flower-shaped [19]) are shown under an electron microscope in Fig. 3. ...
Silver nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular because of their potential applications in bioengineering and medical diagnostics. Nanoparticles possess distinctive features, including increased surface-to-volume ratio and superior magnetic properties, which render them well-suited for a range of biological uses. They have a multi-functionalization, high surface plasmon resonance, large surface area, stable nature, and easy processing. However, silver nanoparticles have exciting potential for biomedical applications, including biomaterials, detection and diagnosis platforms, formulations, drug delivery, and medical device coatings. This typical review provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on silver nanoparticles in biomedical applications, highlighting different methods for creating nanoparticles, exploring their antimicrobial properties in various medical fields, and examining their prospective biological uses.
... In recent year, nanomaterials have increasing demands for various application Nath et al. 2023a, b, c;Pal et al. 2022a, b;Chakroborty et al. 2023b;Chakroborty et al. 2023c). Graphene is one of them. ...
The usage of graphene-based materials (GMs) as energy storage is incredibly popular. Significant obstacles now exist in the way of the generation, storage and consumption of sustainable energy. A primary focus in the work being done to advance environmentally friendly energy technology is the development of effective energy storage materials. Due to their distinct two-dimensional structure and intrinsic physical qualities like good electrical conductivity and wide area, graphene-based materials have a significant potential to be used in energy storage devices. Graphene and GMs have been employed extensively for this due to their special mechanical, thermal, catalytic and other functional qualities. In this review, we covered the topic of employing GMs to store hydrogen for green energy.
... Organic nanostructured materials serving as zero-dimensional nanocages, one-dimensional nanosheet, two-dimensional nanotube or three-dimensional diamond and other structures have been extensively used to model biosensors and drug carriers because of their excellent characteristics [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. A number of organic-based nanomaterials have been modeled to a large extend and indentured to expose DNA, biorelevant molecules, proteins, and neurotransmitters [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. High sensitivity of fullerenes cages towards drug molecules, unique spherical shape, non-toxicity and structural stability place them in the development of biosensors for biomolecules and drug delivery systems [10,[28][29][30][31]. Fullerenes have various advantages when boron or silicon atoms are infused into them, which make them appropriate for use in sensing applications. ...
... Literatures survey reveal that there are a number of experimental and theoretical reports concerning with the sensing of neurotransmitter such as dopamine and other biomolecules using TiO 2 , CdSe, fullerenes, carbon nanotube (CNTs), Au/ZnO, and In 2 O 3 and other carbon-based nanostructured materials [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Yeh et al. [2] performed in silico investigation on the interaction of dopamine neurotransmitter with single-walled carbon nanotubes including pure as well as boron and nitrogen doped to develop suitable biosensor for detection of dopamine neurotransmitter in biological contexts. ...
The present study reports adsorption mechanism of histamine on the surfaces of pure, B- or Si-doped fullerenes.
The adsorption of histamine on pure and doped fullerenes has been investigated through density functional
theory calculations in the terms of stability, geometry, work function, electronic properties, and density of state
spectra. The magnitude of adsorption energies has been computed to be 1.66, 35.29, and 37.43 kcal/mol for
histamine corresponding to the most favorable adsorption configurations respectively. The band gap analysis
revealed that the electrical conductivity of pure fullerene remains nearly constant even after histamine
adsorption. However, the doping of boron and silicon leads to the decrease of the band gap after histamine
adsorption resulting increment in the electrical conductivity which infers that boron and silicon doped fullerenes
are more sensitive towards histamine adsorption than pure fullerene. Moreover, the NBO calculations showed
charge transfer of 0.008, 0.409, and 0.272e from histamine to pure, boron and silicon doped fullerenes in the
most favorable adsorption configurations, respectively.
The present study provides an overview of scientific developments made in the last decade in the field of green adsorbents focusing on the modifications in cellulose and starch and their applications such as drug delivery, wastewater treatment, and ion exchange. For this purpose, an introduction to the various methods of modifying cellulose and starch is first given, and then the properties, application, and future priorities of green adsorbents are also discussed. Methods of modification of cellulose and starch under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions using modifiers with different properties are also described. Various methods for modifying cellulose and starch and the use of the obtained green adsorbents are reviewed. A comparison of the sorption properties of green adsorbents based on cellulose and starch and other adsorbents used in industry has also been carried out. Future perspectives on green adsorbents based on cellulose and starch are as also highlighted.
Biopolymer-based biosensors are becoming popular because biopolymers provide an excellent platform for immobilization of macromolecules and provide a biocompatible environment. Due to the excellent water absorption ability of biopolymers, they swell up easily and can eliminate diffusion barriers. Chitosan is one of the widely used biopolymer in recent years. Due to its unique biological and physicochemical properties applied area of chitosan is being expanded and it has become one of the major thrust areas for research. Nowadays chitosan is also being used as a sensing material and acts as biosensors. An integrated, portable device known as a biosensor uses a component that is biological as a element for sensing that is connected to a transducer for signal detection. Chitosan-based biosensors are in great demand because of their widespread uses, great sensitivities, and high detection limits in industries including monitoring soil nutrients, water detection, disease detection, food quality control, and many others. For the preparation of affordable, reliable, and efficient biosensor immobilization of the responses produced by biological elements is mandatory. Chitosan has nontoxic and biocompatible properties, and it also contains functional groups that act as appropriate substrate materials. Its cross-linking property would allow modifications in the structure easily. The review focuses on different type of methods for the synthesis of chitosan-based composites and their application in biosensors.
More than 60% of India’s population relies on agriculture as their primary source of income, making it the nation’s most important economic sector. Rice husk (often abbreviated as RH) is one of the most typical by-products of agricultural production. Every five tonnes of rice that is harvested results in the production of one tonne of husk. The concept of recycling and reusing waste from agricultural production has received interest from a variety of environmental and industrial perspectives. A wide variety of nanomaterials, including nano-zeolite, nanocarbon, and nano-silica, have been discovered in agro-waste. From rice cultivation to the finished product, there was a by-product consisting of husk that comprised 20% of the overall weight, or RH. The percentage of silica in RH ash ranges from 60 to 40%, with the remaining percentage consisting of various minerals. As a direct consequence of this, several distinct approaches to generating and extracting nanomaterial from rice husk have been developed. Because it contains a significant amount of cellulose and lignin, RH is an excellent and economical source of carbon precursor. The goal of this chapter is to produce carbon-based nanomaterials from RH.
