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Two new species of Hydnum, characterized by slender Hydnum rufescens-like fruiting bodies and ovoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores, are described from the Iberian Peninsula based on morphological and ITS molecular data. Hydnum ovoideisporum is distinguished by the pileus with deep orange tones and strong preference for calcareous ground. It is...
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... Notes-In China, H. erectum was misidentified as H. vesterholtii [9]; however, the latter has an ocher and slightly hygrophanous pileus, usually depressed in the center, a velutinous stipe often staining ocher when handled, presence of a citric odor, longer basidia measuring 42-68 µm, and a cutis-trichoderm pileipellis [17]. Morphologically, H. erectum is also similar to some members of subgen. ...
... In previous studies, mycologists have paid much attention to species of Hydnum in North/Central America, Europe, and Australasia [1, 4,9]. Twenty-two taxa have been confirmed from North America [1, 4,9], fifteen species are recognized from Europe [1, 9,17], and ten taxa were found in Australasia [1,9]. Recently, the genus has received increasing attention in East Asia, where the species diversity of Hydnum in the area has been uncovered. ...
Hydnum (Hydnaceae, Cantharellales), one of the edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms, is of considerable ecological and economic importance. Although previous studies have focused on the genus in China, the diversity still remains incompletely understood. In the present study, in addition to the known species from China being reviewed, six phylogenetic species from the country were described/redescribed, which included a new species: H. erectum, and five known taxa: H. cremeoalbum, H. minus, H. orientalbidum, H. tenuistipitum, and H. treui; H. treui is new to China. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microstructures of them are presented. A key to the accepted species of Hydnum in China is also provided.
... Known from China and France. [3,29] Compared with previous morphological results, the number of Hydnum species now recorded in China has increased dramatically. This is mainly due to the overlapping morphological characteristics between Hydnum species (such as the size, shape, and color of the cap, tooth, and stipe); thus, recognition of Hydnum species based solely upon morphology is very difficult or impossible. ...
Hydnum is a well-characterized genus in the family Hydnaceae of Cantharellales and is characterized by spinose hymenophores. In this study, an ITS phylogenetic overview and a multilocus (ITS-nrLSU-tef1) phylogenetic tree of Hydnum were carried out. On the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic results, seven species from China were confirmed, described, illustrated, and compared with similar species, including three new species, i.e., H. longipes, H. microcarpum, and H. sinorepandum, and four known species, i.e., H. cremeoalbum, H. melitosarxm, H. orientalbidum, and H. pinicola were recorded for the first time in China. A key to the species of Hydnum in China was provided.
... For decades, only a handful of species were recognized in the world (in Europe, just H. repandum L., H. rufescens Pers. and H. albidum Peck), but the systematics of Hydnum have undergone important advances since molecular data, especially from the ITS region, became available [2][3][4], and currently 49 species are recognized in the world [5]. ...
... Although several new species of Hydnum were described as new recently [2][3][4], it remained evident for several years that some clades lacked a binomial name, and new names had to be coined for those. In this context, the contribution by Niskanen et al. [5] represented an important advance by naming the up-to-then known diversity of Hydnum based on the ITS region-twenty-two new species were described, along with epitypifying Hydnum repandum and H. rufescens. ...
... Swenie et al. [19] epitypified H. albidum after studying extensive material collected in the region of the type locality and providing sequences that considerably differ from the ones generated from European material identified as H. albidum. Once it became evident that H. albidum was being misapplied in Europe, Kibby and Liimatainen [17,20] a pale-coloured pileus but differ macroscopically in having a pale ochre colour, even in young basidiomata [3,5]. Thus, H. albidum s. auct. ...
The systematics of the genus Hydnum have undergone important advances, and many new species have been described with the aid of molecular data. A revision of old names that refer to Hydnum s. str., considering the knowledge now available, might reveal prioritary names of recently described species. This study focuses on the study of names that refer to white Hydnum in Europe, among which earlier synonyms of Hydnum reginae (=Hydnum albidum s. auct. pl. eur.) are potentially found, a species characterized by producing white basidiomata and smaller spores than any other European species. Our revision revealed the existence of three earlier names based on European material, namely H. pallidum Raddi, H. album Fr. and H. heimii Maas Geest. The earliest of those, Hydnum pallidum, is epitypified using material from Tuscany (Italy), from where it was originally described, and hence, it becomes the correct name for H. albidum s. auct. pl. eur. A full description and photographs of H. pallidum are provided, and further comments on other names that refer to white Hydnum based on European material are made.
... This species was originally described from Sweden (Linnaeus 1753) but had long been considered a cosmopolitan species in the Northern Hemisphere (Rea 1922;Coker and Beers 1951;Hall and Stuntz 1971;Maas Geesteranus 1971;Harrison and Grund 1987); it also had been regarded as an economically important edible mushroom with many Section Editor: Yu-Cheng Dai * Ryo Sugawara ryo.book.12@gmail.com 1 vernacular names worldwide, including "Hedgehog-mushroom," "Sweet-tooth-mushroom," "Pied-de-mouton," and "Kanoshita" (Kawamura 1913;Phillips 2005;Roberts and Evans 2011). However, recent molecular systematic analyses have suggested that fruiting bodies of true H. repandum occur only in Europe (Grebenc et al. 2009;Olariaga et al. 2012;Yanaga et al. 2015;Feng et al. 2016;Niskanen et al. 2018;Swenie et al. 2018;Sugawara et al. 2022a). In the infrageneric system established by Niskanen et al., H. repandum is regarded as the type species of the subgenus Hydnum L., which is composed of H. (Niskanen et al. 2018;Swenie et al. 2018;Cao et al. 2021b). ...
... Because the ROC group showed slightly larger basidiospores, compared with the ROF group, we statistically analyzed the mean basidiospore sizes (MBS) by unpaired two-sample Wilcox tests. We also included eight MBS values of H. repandum and H. boreorepandum measured by Grebenc et al. (2009), Olariaga et al. (2012, and Niskanen et al. (2018); overall, our analysis included measurements of 5 H. boreorepandum, 7 H. repandum, 11 ROCs, and 16 ROFs. Using the "stats" package in R v. 4.0.5 (R Core Team 2021), the length (L) and width (W) of MBS were compared among ecological/phylogenetic groups (ROC, ROF, H. boreorepandum, and H. repandum) by the function "pairwise.wilcox.test" ...
... Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the (i) ITS dataset and (ii) concatenated dataset of five loci (ITS, LSU, TEF1, RPB1, and RPB2). The ITS dataset included sequences of Holarctic species of the genus Hydnum downloaded from the INSD/UNITE databases, which comprised > 60 phylogenetic species (Table S2; Olariaga et al. 2012;Yanaga et al. 2015;Niskanen et al. 2018;Swenie et al. 2018;Cao et al. 2021b;Sugawara et al. 2022a). As an outgroup, we selected mycorrhizal Sistotrema spp. ...
Hydnum repando-orientale is an East Asian species closely related to H. boreorepandum and H. repandum; all three species produce edible mushrooms. We identified two ecological groups of H. repando-orientale in Japan: a temperate group occurring in Fagaceae-dominated forest at < 1200 m a.s.l. (ROF) and a subalpine group occurring in coniferous forest in highland at > 1900 m a.s.l. (ROC). We re-examined the taxonomy of the two ecological groups of H. repando-orientale using integrative approaches. Phylogenies of the two ecological groups and other related species were inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and gene portions encoding the large subunit of nc rRNA (LSU), translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit (RPB2). The concatenated phylogenetic tree separated the two ecological groups into well-supported sister clades. Also, species delimitations based on the topological congruence (GCPSR) and coalescent models (GMYC and BP&P) supported to separate the two ecological groups. Morphological analysis showed that ROC specimens had significantly larger basidiospores, compared with ROF specimens. Mon-mon mating tests using six ROF, three ROC, and three H. boreorepandum strains each showed independent incompatible groups, whereas one ROC strain showed compatibility with both ROC and ROF populations. Based on these results, we defined the ROC group as a new species, H. subalpinum. Because H. repando-orientale and H. subalpinum have smaller genetic divergence in nc rDNA and maintain slight sexual compatibility, they may have recently speciated in East Asia.
... In addition three Hydnum taxa were recorded, but only Hydnum vesterholtii Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo, Martin, occurred on an abundant scale. Hydnum vesterholtii was recently newly described in the French Pyrenees under Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba on calcareous soils (Olariaga et al., 2017). More records are available from the Toscana region in Italy, the Huesca region in Spain, and Andorra under Fagus, Quercus, Castanea, Corylus, Abies, and Pinus (Olariaga et al., 2017). ...
... Hydnum vesterholtii was recently newly described in the French Pyrenees under Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba on calcareous soils (Olariaga et al., 2017). More records are available from the Toscana region in Italy, the Huesca region in Spain, and Andorra under Fagus, Quercus, Castanea, Corylus, Abies, and Pinus (Olariaga et al., 2017). To our knowledge, our observations with B. luridus and H. versterholtii are the first to suggest that these fungal taxa most likely colonize tree roots in deep soil layers. ...
Soil microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients, because they act as decomposers or are mutualistic or antagonistic symbionts, thereby influencing plant growth and health. In the present study, we investigated the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome to a depth of 2 m in Swiss drought-exposed forests of European beech and oaks on calcareous bedrock. We aimed to disentangle the effects of soil depth, tree (beech, oak), and substrate (soil, roots) on microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure. With increasing soil depth, organic carbon, nitrogen, and clay content decreased significantly. Similarly, fine root biomass, microbial biomass (DNA content, fungal abundance), and microbial alpha-diversity decreased and were consequently significantly related to these physicochemical parameters. In contrast, bacterial abundance tended to increase with soil depth, and the bacteria to fungi ratio increased significantly with greater depth. Tree species was only significantly related to the fungal Shannon index but not to the bacterial Shannon index. Microbial community analyses revealed that bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly across the soil layers, more strongly for bacteria than for fungi. Both communities were also significantly affected by tree species and substrate. In deep soil layers, poorly known bacterial taxa from Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and GAL 15 were overrepresented. Furthermore, archaeal phyla such as Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were more abundant in subsoils than topsoils. Fungal taxa that were predominantly found in deep soil layers belong to the ectomycorrhizal Boletus luridus and Hydnum vesterholtii. Both taxa are reported for the first time in such deep soil layers. Saprotrophic fungal taxa predominantly recorded in deep soil layers were unknown species of Xylaria. Finally, our results show that the microbial community structure found in fine roots was well represented in the bulk soil. Overall, we recorded poorly known bacterial and archaeal phyla, as well as ectomycorrhizal fungi that were not previously known to colonize deep soil layers. Our study contributes to an integrated perspective on the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome at a fine spatial scale in drought-exposed forests.
... This species and its relatives, i.e., H. albidum Peck, H. albomagnum Banker, and H. rufescens Pers. are delicious edible mushrooms known colloquially as "Hedgehog mushroom", "Pied de mouton", "Wood Urchin", or "Steccherino dentino" (Arnolds, 1995;Berch, Ka, Park, & Winder, 2007;Garbaye, Kabre, Le Tacon, Mousain, & Piou, 1979;Imazeki & Hongo, 1989;Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo, & Martín, 2012;Pegler, Roberts, & Spooner, 1997;Sitta & Floriani, 2008;Yamada, 2002). The wholesale price of fresh hedgehog mushrooms was 13.3 US$/kg in Barcelona, Spain in 2002(De Rom an & Boa, 2004. ...
... Six species and 27 samples of Hydnum basidiomata were collected from various forest sites in Japan (Table 1). The samples were identified by comparison of their macro-and microscopic characteristics with descriptions of Hydnum species (Grebenc, Martín, & Kraigher, 2009;Olariaga et al., 2012;Yanaga, Sotome, Ushijima, & Maekawa, 2015). After isolation, parent basidiomata were freeze-dried, and then air-dried at 45 C for 1e2 d for storage as voucher specimens in the mushroom herbarium of the Fungus/ Mushroom Resource and Research Center (FMRC), Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University (TUMH). ...
... The obtained nucleotide sequences were assembled, and their complementarity was confirmed. Assembled ITS sequences were deposited in the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) and compared to known sequences of Hydnum specimens used for authentic taxonomic studies (Grebenc et al., 2009;Olariaga et al., 2012;Yanaga et al., 2015). To evaluate (i) the relationship between phylogenetic clade and the response of basidiospore germination and subsequent mycelial growth to n-butyric acid or gellan gum and (ii) the colony morphology of the established isolates, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. ...
The Entoloma clypeatum species complex, known as “Harushimeji” in Japan, associates with Rosaceae and Ulmaceae plant species. In this study, we successfully isolated cultures of this fungal group via basidiospore isolation from tentative four Harushimeji species using modified Norkrans's C (MNC) medium and MNC medium containing n-butyric acid. Colony formations were observed on 22 of 25 basidioma samples; however, most exhibited slow and unsteady growth. The isolated mycelia contained dikaryotic hyphae and were identified through molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of fungal ribosomal RNA. Six isolates showing steady growth were deposited in the fungal culture collection of the Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Japan. This result indicates that basidiospore isolation is a useful method for obtaining Harushimeji strains.
... This species and its relatives, i.e., H. albidum Peck, H. albomagnum Banker, and H. rufescens Pers. are delicious edible mushrooms known colloquially as "Hedgehog mushroom", "Pied de mouton", "Wood Urchin", or "Steccherino dentino" (Arnolds, 1995;Berch, Ka, Park, & Winder, 2007;Garbaye, Kabre, Le Tacon, Mousain, & Piou, 1979;Imazeki & Hongo, 1989;Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo, & Martín, 2012;Pegler, Roberts, & Spooner, 1997;Sitta & Floriani, 2008;Yamada, 2002). The wholesale price of fresh hedgehog mushrooms was 13.3 US$/kg in Barcelona, Spain in 2002(De Rom an & Boa, 2004. ...
... Six species and 27 samples of Hydnum basidiomata were collected from various forest sites in Japan (Table 1). The samples were identified by comparison of their macro-and microscopic characteristics with descriptions of Hydnum species (Grebenc, Martín, & Kraigher, 2009;Olariaga et al., 2012;Yanaga, Sotome, Ushijima, & Maekawa, 2015). After isolation, parent basidiomata were freeze-dried, and then air-dried at 45 C for 1e2 d for storage as voucher specimens in the mushroom herbarium of the Fungus/ Mushroom Resource and Research Center (FMRC), Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University (TUMH). ...
... The obtained nucleotide sequences were assembled, and their complementarity was confirmed. Assembled ITS sequences were deposited in the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) and compared to known sequences of Hydnum specimens used for authentic taxonomic studies (Grebenc et al., 2009;Olariaga et al., 2012;Yanaga et al., 2015). To evaluate (i) the relationship between phylogenetic clade and the response of basidiospore germination and subsequent mycelial growth to n-butyric acid or gellan gum and (ii) the colony morphology of the established isolates, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences. ...
Hydnum repandum and its relatives are gourmet edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. However, no reliable pure cultures have been reported in this genus. Here, we report for the first time the successful isolation of mycelial strains from basidiospores in the genus Hydnum. Basidiospores obtained from basidioma samples were aseptically inoculated onto modified Norkran's C (MNC) medium, MNC containing n-butyric acid (n-MNC), or MNC with gellan gum instead of agar (G-MNC). Although basidiospore germination was observed in most samples, the isolation rate was higher from MNC (91.7%) and G-MNC (93.8%) than from n-MNC (36.4%). Most established isolates were monokaryotic and lacked a clamp connection, but three were dikaryotic and had clamp connections. Established isolates were identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene. These results suggest that basidiospores can be used to establish monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Hydnum species.
... Until recently, only twelve species of Hydnum were commonly accepted worldwide. Initial phylogenetic studies of European Hydnum revealed higher than expected taxonomic diversity in the genus, with thirteen molecularly recognized clades masquerading under four morphologically-defined species names (Grebenc et al. 2009), which have since been described as new species (Olariaga et al. 2012, Vizzini et al. 2013, Niskanen et al. 2018. Following a global survey of diversity in the genus which estimated 31 species worldwide based on molecular phylogenetic analysis (Feng et al. 2016), additional taxonomic work in Europe and North America has raised the global species count to 34 (Buyck et al. 2017, Niskanen et al. 2018, which is estimated to be less than half of the total number of Hydnum species (Niskanen et al. 2018). ...
Five species of Hydnum have been generally recognized from eastern North America based on morphological recognition: H.albidum , H.albomagnum , H.repandum and varieties, H.rufescens , and H.umbilicatum . Other unique North American species, such as H.caespitosum and H.washingtonianum , are either illegitimately named or considered synonymous with European taxa. Here, seventeen phylogenetic species of Hydnum are detected from eastern North America based on a molecular phylogenetic survey of ITS sequences from herbarium collections and GenBank data, including environmental sequences. Based on current distribution results, sixteen of these species appear endemic to North America. Of these, six species are described as new: H.alboaurantiacum , H.cuspidatum , H.ferruginescens , H.subconnatum , H.subtilior , and H.vagabundum . Geographic range extensions and taxonomic notes are provided for five additional species recently described as new from eastern North America. A new name, H.geminum , is proposed for H.caespitosum Banning ex Peck, non Valenti. Overall, species of Hydnum are best recognized by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Taxonomic descriptions are provided for seventeen species, including epitype designations for H.albidum , H.albomagnum , and H.umbilicatum , taxa described more than 100 years ago, and molecular annotation of the isotype of H.washingtonianum . Photographs and a key to eastern North American Hydnum species are presented.
... As in Cantharellus, macroscopic features (basidioma habit, pileus color, presence of umbilicus on the pileus, shape and attachment of spines and central or eccentric position of the stipe) have traditionally been the sole criteria used in species delimitation of Hydnum as microscopic features are few and their variation limited. Nevertheless, species delimitation based on sequence data suggests that calculating mean values for length-width ratio of the spores can also provide taxonomically informative data (Olariaga et al. 2012). Compared to Cantharellus, Hydnum is a species-poor genus and, merely a few years ago,Olariaga et al. (2012)estimated the accepted number of Hydnum species to be no more than ten species worldwide. ...
... Nevertheless, species delimitation based on sequence data suggests that calculating mean values for length-width ratio of the spores can also provide taxonomically informative data (Olariaga et al. 2012). Compared to Cantharellus, Hydnum is a species-poor genus and, merely a few years ago,Olariaga et al. (2012)estimated the accepted number of Hydnum species to be no more than ten species worldwide. As in Cantharellus (e.g.Buyck et al. 2016c,d), the use of sequence data has strongly impacted species delimitation and the most recent phylogeny of Hydnum recognizes now 31 phylogenetic species worldwide (Feng et al. 2016). ...
... The latter synonymy, however, is far from certain considering the molecular diversity recently exposed in this species complex. Yet, the latter name is not discussed in recent papers (Olariaga et al. 2012, Feng et al. 2016Vizzini et al. 2013). Our phylogeny places our new species close to H. rufescens in a clade that is here recovered as sister to Hydnum Sp 4 inFeng et al. (2016), represented by two very similar sequences, both from much more northern parts of the United States (Fig. 7). ...
The authors describe ten new taxa for science using mostly both morphological and molecular data. In Basidiomycota, descriptions are provided for Botryobasidium fusisporum sp. Nov., B.Triangulosporum sp. Nov., Cantharellus hydnoides sp. Nov. and Hydnum aerostatisporum sp. Nov. in Cantharellales; Lactarius rahjamalensis sp. Nov. and Russula pseudoaurantiophylla sp. Nov. in Russulales and for Mycena paraguayensis comb. nov. in Agaricales. In Ascomycota and hyphomycetes, descriptions are provided for Colletotrichum eryngiicola sp. Nov. (Glomerellales), Corynesporella indica sp. Nov. (incertae sedis) and Repetophragma zygopetali sp. Nov. (Microthyriales).
... Olariaga, Grebenc, Salcedo & M.P. Martín, growing in Mediterranean areas and recorded only from Spain ( Olariaga et al. 2012) and Italy ( Vizzini et al. 2013), is noteworthy. According to " Figure 3", six genera, namely: Suillus, Russula, Lepista, Lactarius, Chroogomphus, and Amanita, were observed in all studied governorates. ...
Within the last decade, checklists of fungi of several countries have been published or updated. Nevertheless, no checklists of macromycetes have hitherto been published for Tunisia (North Africa) apart from a mycocoenological study reporting 34 listed species. This work presents a list of macromycetes collected from January 2014 to March 2015 in six governorates of northern Tunisia. One hundred and twenty-three species (117 basidiomycetes and six ascomycetes) belonging to 78 genera and 46 families were recorded.
