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Hydnum aerostatisporum (holotype). Microscopic features: a. Spores, b. Hyphal extremities of the pileipellis, c. Basidia and basidiola, d. Hyphal extremities of the sterile hymenophore tips. Scale bar = 10 ?m, but only 5 ?m for spores. (Drawings B. Buyck)
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The authors describe ten new taxa for science using mostly both morphological and molecular data. In Basidiomycota, descriptions are provided for Botryobasidium fusisporum sp. Nov., B.Triangulosporum sp. Nov., Cantharellus hydnoides sp. Nov. and Hydnum aerostatisporum sp. Nov. in Cantharellales; Lactarius rahjamalensis sp. Nov. and Russula pseudoau...
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... Repetophragma, typified by R. biseptatum (≡Sporidesmium biseptatum), was introduced by Subramanian (1992), to accommodate Sporidesmium-like species with holoblastic, annellidic, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells and phragmoseptate conidia and initially included nine species previously known in Sporidesmium. Subsequently, many species were accommodated in Repetophragma based solely on morphological characterizations (McKenzie, 1995;Mena-Portales et al., 2000;Wu and Zhuang, 2005;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2006;Marincowitz et al., 2008;Silvera-Simoń et al., 2009;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2011;Rambelli et al., 2011;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2013;Ma et al., 2014;Buyck et al., 2017;Wang et al., 2017;Ai et al., 2019). Even though, there are 40 species epithets available for Repetophragma in Index Fungorum (2023), most of them lack molecular data to clarify their phylogenetic placements. ...
... Morphologically, R. zygopetali is similar to R. biseptatum in having monoblastic, enteroblastic, conspicuously percurrent conidiogenous cells. However, R. zygopetali can be distinguished from the rest of Repetophragma in having integrated, monoblastic, conspicuously percurrent but irregularly distanced conidiogenous cells with wavy or uneven apices after each conidial secession [ Figure 29a in Buyck et al. (2017)] rather than equidistantly laid annellidic conidiogenous cells with even apices after each conidial secession (Subramanian, 1992;Seifert et al., 2011). Based on the morphological differences in the conidiogenous cells and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce the new genus Pseudorepetophragma to accommodate R. zygopetali as P. zygopetali comb. ...
... nov. Buyck et al. (2017) due to its morphological resemblance with R. dennisii, but differing in the size of conidiophores and conidia (Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2011;Buyck et al., 2017). The species was reported as a sooty blotch fungus that occurred on Zygopetalum mackayi in Brazil, while other species of Repetophragma have been mostly reported as hyperparasites or saprobes (Ellis, 1963;Castañeda-Ruiz et al., 2011;Index Fungorun, 2023). ...
Yunnan, located in southwestern China, is known for its high fungal diversity, and many of which are endemic to the region. As part of our ongoing studies on fungi in Yunnan, we introduce two new genera in Phaeothecoidiellaceae (Mycosphaerellales), to accommodate one Repetophragma-like and another Stomiopeltis-like taxa. Pseudorepetophragma gen. nov. is introduced herein as a monotypic genus to accommodate P. zygopetali comb. nov.(≡ Repetophragma zygopetali), whereas Pseudostomiopeltis gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate Ps. xishuangbannaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Ps. phyllanthi comb. nov.(≡ Stomiopeltis phyllanthi), based on a new collection from Yunnan. In addition, Stomiopeltis sinensis is transferred to Exopassalora as E. sinensis comb. nov. due to its phylogenetic affinity and grouped with E. zambiae, the generic type of Exopassalora. This study provides new insights into the biodiversity of fungal species in this region and adds to our understanding of their ecological roles, as well as the resolution to ambiguous taxa in Phaeothecoidiellaceae.
... and Russula Pers. etc. (Natarajan et al., 2005;Kumar and Atri, 2016;Buyck et al., 2017;Parihar et al., 2018a,b). Species of family Cortinariaceae are among the commonest obligate ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in temperate to tropical forest ecosystems in India and only 31 species were reported from India till date, which mostly occurred from eastern and western Himalaya and Kerala (Berkeley, 1852;Chona et al., 1958;Sharma et al., 1978;Bhavanidevi and Nair, 1983;Peintner et al., 2003;Florence, 2004;Mohanan, 2011;Das et al., 2013;Chakraborty, 2014, 2015;Itoo et al., 2015;Verma et al., 2019;Crous et al., 2020;Das et al., 2022). ...
Thaxterogaster shoreae, a new species of Thaxterogaster subg. Scauri sect. ABSTRACT: Routine macrofungal explorations of different Shorea robusta dominated forest areas of Jharkhand and West Bengal are being undertaken since 2020. A specimen classified as "Thaxterogaster" was collected recently from these states and here proposed as Thaxterogaster shoreae sp. nov. within subg. Scauri sect. Purpurascentes. Detailed morphological description, illustrations 2-locus phylogenetic estimations and comparisons with respective allied species are provided. Moreover, in this communication one new combination in the genus Thaxterogaster is also proposed.
... Six species were initially described in 2012, indicating a preference toward herbaceous plants [11,19]. However, more species have been discovered during the last decade, including pathogens of woody hosts [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Currently, 18 species are recognized in this complex, acting as saprobes, endophytes, and pathogens in a range of plant hosts [28]. ...
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most frequent and damaging fungal diseases affecting avocado fruits (Persea americana Mill.) worldwide. In Chile, the disease incidence has increased over the last decades due to the establishment of commercial groves in more humid areas. Since 2018, unusual symptoms of anthracnose have been observed on Hass avocado fruits, with lesions developing a white to gray sporulation. Morphological features and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using six DNA barcodes (act, chs-1, gapdh, his3, ITS, and tub2) allowed the identification of the causal agent as Colletotrichum anthrisci, a member of the dematium species complex. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating healthy Hass avocado fruits with representative isolates, reproducing the same symptoms initially observed, and successfully reisolating the same isolates from the margin of the necrotic pulp. Previously, several Colletotrichum species belonging to other species complexes have been associated with avocado anthracnose in other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first record of C. anthrisci and of a species of the dematium species complex causing anthracnose on avocado fruits in Chile and worldwide.
... Since then, the diversity of Hydnum species has been underestimated because few morphological characters from basidiomata can be applied to delimit the species. However, recent molecular systematic studies have substantially increased the number of species in Hydnum, which is now known to include more than 50 species worldwide (Agerer et al. 1996;Buyck et al. 2017;Feng et al. 2016;Grebenc et al. 2009;Niskanen et al. 2018;Olariaga et al. 2012;Ostrow and Beenken 2004;Sugawara et al. 2019;Swenie et al. 2018;Vizzini et al. 2012;Yanaga et al. 2015). Among these, 32 were described as new species from Europe and North America. ...
... We used 205 ITS sequences for this analysis, including 106 sequences newly obtained in this study (SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 4). The ITS data set includes 77 sequences in GenBank and UNITE that were used in prior taxonomic studies of Hydnum (SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 5; Grebenc et al. 2009;Olariaga et al. 2012;Vizzini et al. 2012;Yanaga et al. 2015;Buyck et al. 2017;Feng et al. 2016;Niskanen et al. 2018;Swenie et al. 2018;Wang et al. 2018). As outgroup taxa we selected five ectomycorrhizal Sistotrema spp. ...
... Among other similar species, H. aerostatisporum has a more robust and larger pileus (35-85 mm wide) and smaller basidiospores (avg. 7.69 × 7.07 µm) than H. subberkeleyanum (Buyck et al. 2017). Hydnum minospororufescens has smaller spores and a deciduous forest habitat. ...
Hydnum (Hydnaceae, Basidiomycota) exhibits endemic species diversity in East Asia; however, few comprehensive systematic studies have been conducted to date. Here, we performed morphological, ecological, phylogenetic, and biological evaluations of the taxonomy of Hydnum species in Japan. In total, 186 Japanese Hydnum specimens were used for morphological observations. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using sequence data of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region and a portion of translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1). Intra- and interspecific mating tests using 78 monokaryotic strains of 13 species did not conflict with species delimitation inferred from their ITS and tef1 phylogenetic relationships. This study provides detailed morphological descriptions of 15 rigorously identified species from Japan, nine of which are described as new: H. alboluteum, H. albopallidum, H. pinicola, H. itachiharitake, H. minospororufescens, H. orientalbidum, H. subberkeleyanum, H. tomaense, and H. tottoriense. Three species documented in this work are new to Japan: H. boreorepandum, H. mulsicolor, and H. umbilicatum. The remaining three species (H. cremeoalbum, H. minus, and H. repando-orientale), previously reported from Japan, are redescribed using data from newly collected materials. We also transferred two old species (Hericium fimbrillatum and Sarcodon nauseofoetidus) from East Asian Hydnum into other genera.
... None of the sequestrate taxa have evolved into a clade containing a large diversity of species with similar basidiome forms, all indicative of relatively recent origin of this basidiome form in Lactarius (Verbeken et al. 2014a) and Lactifluus. The recent description of several sequestrate Lactarius from tropical forests (Verbeken et al. 2014a, b, Buyck et al. 2017, and discovery of hidden diversity of Australasian Lactifluus species lend support to the theory that sequestrate basidiome forms are essentially an excellent way to maintain a fairly constant relative humidity in the enclosed hymenophore, allowing full development of spores to ensue, regardless of arid, seasonally dry or tropical, seasonally waterlogged conditions (Beever & Lebel 2014). ...
Three Australian species with sequestrate basidiome forms are recorded for the first time in the genus Lactifluus based on nuclear ITS-LSU and morphological data. These species represent three rare independent evolutionary events resulting in sequestrate basidiomes arising from agaricoid species in three different sections in two subgenera. All three species have highly reduced basidiome forms, and no species with intermediate forms have been found. Lactifluus dendriticus is unique in the genus in having highly branched, dendritic terminal elements in the pileipellis. We provide full descriptions of two species: Zelleromyces dendriticus (= Lactifluus dendriticus comb. nov. ) in Lactifluus subg. Lactifluus sect. Gerardii , and Lactifluus geoprofluens sp. nov. in Lf . subg. Lactifluus sect. Lactifluus . A reduced description is provided for the third, Lactifluus sp. prov. KV181 in Lf . subg. Pseudogymnocarpi sect. Pseudogymnocarpi , as it is currently known from a single sequence.
... Recent works on fungal biodiversity in India have prompted an increase in the mycobiota of the country with several new species and new records (Adamčík & al. 2015;Buyck & al. 2017;Verma & al. 2019. During continuing surveys of microfungi associated with plant materials in Himachal Pradesh, India, a synnematous fungus was collected on an unidentified angiosperm decaying twig. ...
A new species, Neosporidesmium himachalense, collected from a decaying twig of an unidentified angiosperm in Mandi Himachal Pradesh, India, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by macronematous, laterally and terminally diverging conidiophores, terminal, doliiform, monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and obclavate 7–18-distoseptate, pale brown conidia. A new genus Neosporidesmina is proposed for Neosporidesmium micheliae, which has euseptate conidia
... Molecular phylogenetic studies have delimited several species and revealed an unexpected species diversity. The tef 1 gene has been identified as a suitable DNA barcoding marker to determine terminal relationships among closely related Cantharellus species [1, 6,[11][12][13][14]. Phylogenetic analyses were performed following the methods that were described by Zhang et al. [42]. ...
The genus Cantharellus, commonly known as chanterelles, has recently been divided into six subgenera; however, wider sampling approaches are needed to clarify the relationships within and between these groups. A phylogenetic overview of Cantharellus subgenus Parvocantharellus in China was inferred based on the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nrLSU), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2), and the transcription elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). A total of nine species from China were assigned to the subgenus, including seven novel species, namely Cantharellusaurantinus, C. austrosinensis, C. galbanus, C. luteolus, C. luteovirens, C. minioalbus, and C. sinominior, and two known species, namely C. albus and C. zangii. The detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided based on the newly obtained data, with the comparisons to closely related species. C. zangii was restudied based on the paratype specimens and multiple new collections from the type locality. Futhermore, the Indian species C. sikkimensis was identified as a synonym of C. zangii based on the morphological and molecular analyses. A key to the Chinese species belonging to the subg. Parvocantharellus is also provided.
... SpeciesNotes ReferencesC. eryngiicolaHighly endangered (one record only) and other species occur on the same host (Eryngium campestre)Buyck et al. (2017) C. hemerocallidis Highly endangered (two records only) and other species occur on the same host (Hemerocallis fulva)Yang et al. (2012b) C. insertae Highly endangered (one record only) and other species occur on the same host (Parthenocissus inserta) ...
The taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum has undergone tremendous changes over the last decade, with over 200 species being currently recognised and species complexes being informally used to cluster those species. Many of these species are important plant pathogens, some rather polyphagous and others host-specific, but several occur seldomly and some may in fact be ecologically endangered. Based mainly on literature from the past decade, in this work we review the occurrence, geographic distribution and host spectrum of currently recognised Colletotrichum species under phylogenetic, pathological/agronomic and ecological perspectives, providing a list arranged by Colletotrichum species and species complexes. A total of 257 species are listed and grouped into 15 species complexes. In this work we have recorded 1353 unique host species-Colletotrichum species association records from 720 hosts, with the Fabaceae as the family with higher number of hosts (52 host species) but with the Rosaceae as the family with the highest number of host species-Colletotrichum species association records (118 association records). According to occurrence data, 88 species are common in nature, 128 were considered as data deficient and 41 are threatened, some of which are likely extinct from nature and preserved only in culture collections. Several species are relevant plant pathogens, in some cases geographically confined and thus of potential quarantine relevance. Based on the major changes that occurred on Colletotrichum taxonomy over the last decade, this work provides a comprehensive overview of occurrence data of Colletotrichum species, compiling host range and geographical distribution, with relevance for plant pathology and conservation mycology. The current taxonomic framework in Colletotrichum is revealing numerous species but poses challenges to the employment of standard criteria for the evaluation of biological conservation of these fungi. We advocate that conservation mycology and taxonomy should find common routes simultaneously enabling the correct delimitation of species of Colletotrichum and the implementation of feasible criteria for the evaluation of conservation. The employment of new technologies, such whole genome sequencing (WGS), will help and support the description of new species and to gain a better understanding of the genetic bases of speciation processes.
... however, only ca. 40 species from Europe, North America and Asia have been described using modern molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological features (Grebenc et al. 2009, Vizzini et al. 2013, Yanaga et al. 2015, Buyck et al. 2017, Niskanen et al. 2018, Swenie et al. 2018, Wang et al. 2018. Feng et al. (2016) estimated the global survey of diversity in Hydnum and recognised at least 31 phylogenetic species from Asia, Central America (Honduras), Europe, North America, Oceania, and South America (Venezuela) according to molecular evidence, but the samples in Africa are poorly investigated. ...
The family Hydnaceae (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) is a group of fungi found worldwide which exhibit stichic nuclear division. The group is highly diverse in morphology, ecology, and phylogeny, and includes some edible species which are popular all over the world. Traditionally, Hydnaceae together with Cantharellaceae, Clavulinaceae and Sistotremataceae are four families in the Cantharellales. The four families were combined and redefined as “Hydnaceae”, however, a comprehensive phylogeny based on multiple-marker dataset for the entire Hydnaceae sensu stricto is still lacking and the delimitation is also unclear. We inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the family Hydnaceae from the data of five DNA regions: the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the mitochondrial small subunit rDNA gene (mtSSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1). We also produced three more phylogenetic trees for Cantharellus based on 5.8S, nLSU, mtSSU, RPB2 and TEF1, Craterellus and Hydnum both based on the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has reproduced the status of Hydnaceae in the order Cantharellales, and phylogenetically confirmed seventeen genera in Hydnaceae. Twenty nine new taxa or synonyms are described, revealed, proposed, or reported, including eight new subgenera (Cantharellus subgenus Magnus, Craterellus subgenus Cariosi, subg. Craterellus, subg. Imperforati, subg. Lamelles, subg. Longibasidiosi, subg. Ovoidei, and Hydnum subgenus Brevispina); seventeen new species (Ca. laevihymeninus, Ca. magnus, Ca. subminor, Cr. badiogriseus, Cr. croceialbus, Cr. macrosporus, Cr. squamatus, H. brevispinum, H. flabellatum, H. flavidocanum, H. longibasidium, H. pallidocroceum, H. pallidomarginatum, H. sphaericum, H. tangerinum, H. tenuistipitum and H. ventricosum); two synonyms (Ca. anzutake and Ca. tuberculosporus as Ca. yunnanensis), and two newly recorded species (H. albomagnum and H. minum). The distinguishing characters of the new species and subgenera as well as their allied taxa are discussed in the notes which follow them. The delimitation and diversity in morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of Hydnaceae is discussed. Notes of seventeen genera which are phylogenetically accepted in Hydnaceae by this study and a key to the genera in Hydnaceae are provided.
... The majority of the species remained in the larger genera Lactarius with a mainly temperate distribution (Buyck et al. 2010. More than 20 species of Lactarius have been published from India since the segregation of Lactifluus (Das & Verbeken 2011, Sharma et al. 2013, Das & Chakraborthy 2015, Latha et al. 2016, Buyck et al. 2017, Uniyal et al. 2018. Thick-walled elements in the pileipellis and the presence of lamprocystidia, as well as a hymenophoral trama composed of mostly sphaerocytes is common in genus Lactifluus but hardly observed in Lactarius (Buyck et al. 2010. ...
