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Hybrid EDF concatenating two-stage L-band EDFA configuration and measurement setup for TDG in Sb-Al-EDF and L-EDF in two segments, rear 1.2-m Sb-Al-EDF and 25-m L-EDF.
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We report a novel technique to suppress the temperature-dependent gain (TDG) of an L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier. The composite optical gain block consists of conventional L-band erbium-doped fiber (EDF) serially concatenated with a special EDF in a ternary glass composition, antimony-aluminum codoped silica that showed an opposite TDG coeffi...
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Context 1
... measure the TDG characteristics, an -band EDFA was configured with two stages, as shown in Fig. 3. In the pream- plification stage, the -band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) serves as an efficient pumping source for the composite gain medium in the second power-amplification stage [10]. The gain medium was provided by concatenation of L-EDF with Sb-Al-EDF. In the first stage, the optimized length of the C-EDF was 10 m for 100-mW pump at 980 nm. The second stage EDFA was configured using 25 m of L-EDF, OFS-L093 501 and 1.2 m of Sb-Al-EDF, which were bidirectionally pumped by 980-nm laser diode at 130 mW in forward direction and 120 mW in backward. The fiber lengths were optimized to maximize the flatness and bandwidth of overall throughput gain. Eighteen channel WDM signals were multiplexed through an arrayed waveguide grating. The total input signal power level was adjusted to 2 dBm. TDG characteristics were measured enclosing the gain medium inside a temperature controlled chamber in the temperature range 40 to 80 . In order to compare the temperature dependence in -band, the gain from the conventional silica EDF of 40 m long was first measured as a reference in Fig. 4. In this case, the saturated gain was 17 dB and the gain flatness within 1 dB was maintained from 1570 to 1600 nm at 20 C. In the conventional L-EDF, it is found that the gain varied by as much as 3.2 dB for the temperature range of 40 to 80 around 1565 nm. As reported in [6], a relatively larger gain variation was observed at a wavelength below 1570 nm and the gain variation approach to the zero near 1580 nm. Noise figure was also measured in the range of 3.3-4.5 dB over the -band. The TDG of Sb-Al- EDFs was measured similarly using 1.9 m of Sb-Al-EDF. The gain variations over the whole -band are shown in Fig. 4(c), whose maximum was 2.7 dB. Note that the gain deviation of Sb-Al-EDF in Fig. 4(c) shows the opposite sign of gain devia- tion in the wavelength range of 1565-1580 nm compared to that of OFS-L093 501 in Fig. ...
Context 2
... the hybrid configuration as shown in Fig. 3 note that the length of OFS-L093 501 in the second stage was significantly reduced by concatenating Sb-Al-EDF due to its high Er con- centration. The optimal configurations would be equivalent to commercial L-EDF [ Fig. 4(a)]. The measured gain deviations from the hybrid amplifiers are presented in Fig. 5(b). The most notable improvements in the gain variation were achieved in the region from 1565 to 1585 nm as expected from Fig. 2, where significantly reduced to 1.5 from 3.2 dB of the L-EDF case. The zero also shifted further into a shorter wavelength of 1571 nm. Noise figure was also measured in the range of 3.3 to 4.8 dB over the entire -band. Even with the concatenation of Sb-Al-EDF, was very little affected in the wavelength range from 1585 to 1590 nm compared to Fig. 4(b). It is not fully understood the exact origin of variations in the TDG in EDFA as a function of glass host composition. Yet it has been empirically and phenomenolog- ically observed that modifications of glass host do vary the energy levels of rare earth ions and their subsequent radiative transitions [8]. In fact, we observed significant red shift the upper Stark level level of Er ion, usually centered near 800 nm for aluminosilicate host [11], to 850 nm in our Sb-Al-EDF. The interaction between Er ions and the local crystal field modified by the Sb oxides, are attributed to unique temperature dependence in the radiative ...
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Citations
... What's more, we characterized the temperature-dependent amplifier performance from -60 to 80 o C at intervals of 20 o C. The temperature-dependent-gain (TDG) coefficient was defined as the linear regression fitting coefficient between the gain and temperature, in the unit of dB/ o C. As Fig. 3(d) shows, the TDG coefficient was calculated to be -0.01 dB/ o C at 1600 nm and -0.037 dB/ o C at 1625 nm. The EDFA exhibited better thermal stability than the reported L-band silica-based EDFAs [10,11]. At -60 o C, a 22 dB gain with 6.7 dB NF was achieved at 1625 nm. ...
... What's more, we characterized the temperature-dependent amplifier performance from -60 to 80 o C at intervals of 20 o C. The temperature-dependent-gain (TDG) coefficient was defined as the linear regression fitting coefficient between the gain and temperature, in the unit of dB/ o C. As Fig. 3(d) shows, the TDG coefficient was calculated to be -0.01 dB/ o C at 1600 nm and -0.037 dB/ o C at 1625 nm. The EDFA exhibited better thermal stability than the reported L-band silica-based EDFAs [10,11]. At -60 o C, a 22 dB gain with 6.7 dB NF was achieved at 1625 nm. ...
We report a double-pass L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier providing ≥20dB gain from 1565-1625nm, with 46dB maximum gain at 1600nm. At 1625nm, the NF, OSNR, gain coefficient, and temperature-dependent-gain-coefficient were 7.2dB, 25dB, 0.045dB/mW, and -0.037dB/ o C, respectively.
... Temperaturedependent gain and noise figure (NF) performances for EDFAs are due to the thermal effect on the re-distribution of ions in the sublevels of the ground and metastable states according to Boltzmann's law, resulting in the temperature-dependent absorption and emission cross-sections [5]. It was reported that EDFAs are more temperature-sensitive when pumped at 1480 nm than 980 nm [6], [7] and more temperature-sensitive in the L-band than in the C-band [8], [9]. However, there are few reports on the temperature dependence of EDFAs covering the longer wavelength side of the L-band (up to 1625 nm) and few comparative discussions on different pump wavelengths for the L-band EDFAs. ...
... We studied the multi-channel gain and NF from 1575 to 1615 nm and single-channel gain and NF from 1575 to 1625 nm, under the temperature range from −60 to 80°C. To the best of our knowledge, our study has extended to a longer wavelength of 1625 nm compared to previous temperature-dependent L-band EDFA studies [8], [10]. The unequal FW/BW pumps at 980 nm provided a less temperature-dependent amplifier performance in the L-band. ...
In this paper, we present a comparative study on temperature-dependent spectroscopic characteristics and L-band amplifier performance for aluminum-rich erbium-doped fiber (EDF) and in-house fabricated phosphorus co-doped EDF. Different pumping configurations were studied to conclude that the pump wavelength of 980nm with unequal forward/backward pump powers exhibited better temperature stability. Phosphorus EDF provided 19.41.4dB gain and 4.60.2dB noise figure (NF) from 1575-1615nm at room temperature (RT), for a multi-channel input signal of -25dBm in each channel, whereas the aluminum-rich EDF provided 20.35.1dB gain and 5.30.8dB NF. Using a single-channel input signal of -25dBm at 1625nm, phosphorus EDF maintained >10dB gain with a 9.6dB and 12dB gain increment than aluminum-rich EDF at RT and -60oC, respectively. The temperature-dependent gain (TDG) coefficient from 1575-1615nm was in the range -0.006 to -0.044 dB/oC for phosphorus EDF and 0.011 to -0.023 dB/oC for aluminum-rich EDF, over the temperature range -60 to +80oC. We propose a hybrid L-band amplifier concatenating aluminum-rich EDF with phosphorus EDF, to suppress the temperature dependence of phosphorus EDF and improve the gain bandwidth restriction of aluminum-rich EDF. The hybrid EDF exhibited multi-channel 20.93.9dB gain and 3.70.6dB NF from 1575-1615nm at RT. The TDG coefficient of the hybrid EDF remained almost constant from 1585-1615nm, contributing to a temperature-insensitive gain flatness.
... The TDG coefficient, expressed in dB/ o C, was calculated as the slope of the linear regression fit between the gain and the corresponding temperature [9], as shown in Fig. 3(a). In the 40nm bandwidth from 1575 to 1615nm, the TDG coefficient varied from -0.006 to -0.044 dB/ o C for the P-EDF and from 0.006 to -0.025 dB/ o C for the high Al-EDF, which is similar to that of a previously reported conventional L-band EDFA [10]. In the wavelength range 1585 to 1615nm, the TDG coefficient of the high Al-EDF slightly decreased and then increased, while the TDG coefficient of the P-EDF kept decreasing with a more significant change. ...
... In the hybrid configuration, we achieved a flattened TDG coefficient from 1585 to 1615nm, and a lower NF over the temperature range -60 to +80°C. To the best of our knowledge, our study extended to a longer wavelength of 1615nm in the L-band as compared to previous temperature dependent EDFA studies [10,11]. ...
We report a hybrid L-band amplifier employing phosphosilicate and high-aluminosilicate EDFs with 20.2±3.7dB gain and 4.2dB average NF from 1575-1615nm. The temperature-dependent-gain coefficient remains almost constant from 1585-1615nm over the temperature range -60 to +80°C.
... As seen in Fig. 2, the gain and NF characteristics with temperature were linear. In order to quantify the gain variation, we calculated the TDG coefficient (defined as the amount of signal gain change per unit of temperature change, in dB/°C) [9]. In the wavelength region of 1330-1360 nm, the TDG coefficient is −0.06 and −0.08 dB∕°C for signal powers of −10 and −23 dBm, respectively. ...
We report the temperature dependent performance of an O-band bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA) in the temperature range from − 60 to + 80 ° C . At room temperature, maximum gains of 27 and 40 dB with noise figures (NFs) of 4.3 and 4.8 dB are measured for − 23 dBm signal power in the single and double pass BDFA, respectively. An increment in gain and reduction in NF is observed as the ambient temperature of the BDFA is reduced. In the double pass BDFA, the temperature dependent gain coefficient from − 60 to + 80 ° C is found to be around − 0.02 and − 0.03 dB / ° C across the wavelength band of 1300–1360 nm for − 10 and − 23 dBm signal powers, respectively. We also study the gain and NF characteristics with pump power and signal power at different temperatures, and a maximum gain of 45 dB is obtained at − 60 ° C for − 30 dBm signal power.
... It was observed that for all the signal wavelengths reported here i.e., from 1300-1360 nm, the gain has a linear variation against temperature in the range of -20 to +60 o C. In order to quantify the gain variation with the temperature, we calculated the TDG coefficient (the amount of the signal gain change per unit of the temperature change, in dB/ o C) [10]. The TDG coefficient with wavelengths is shown in Fig 4. As can be seen, the TDG coefficient was negative over the whole signal wavelength region, which means that the gain for input signals at 1300-1360 nm always increases with decreasing temperature. ...
We report an O-band BDFA gain and NF performance over the temperature-range of -40 to +60C. A 34dB gain with 5.5dB NF was obtained at 1340nm in a double-pass BDFA operating at -40C. The temperature-dependent-gain was decreased by <0.1dB/C for temperatures above -20C across 1310-1360nm wavelength-band.
[Paper delivered at ECOC 2019 in session Th.1.C "Fibre Amplifies and Quantum Communication"]
... Sıcaklık bağımlılığının EDFA kazancına etkisi vardır, ancak bu bağımlılığının kesin bir analitik çözümü yoktur. Bu konuda yapılan teorik, nümerik ve deneysel pek çok çalışma mevcuttur [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Bu çalışmalarda genellikle; tek aşamalı, iki aşamalı sistemlerde sıcaklığın sistem kazancına ve gürültüsüne olan etkileri incelenmiştir. ...
In this study, temperature dependent gain variation of single pass (SP) and double pass (DP) L band erbium doped fiber amplifiers (L-EDFA) has been examined. To do this L-EDFA is experimentally investigated by pumping bi-directionally using 980 nm pump lasers and input signals at -20 dBm powers in the temperature range between 0 degrees C and 60 degrees C. Experimental results show that, the gain of DP L-EDFA is higher than that of SP L-EDFA gain. However, the results also show that, temperature dependence of DP L-EDFA is higher than that of SP EDFA. Finally, it is observed that DP L-EDFA can be operated temperature independent in range between 1568 nm and 1588 nm.
... In an L-band EDFA, temperature dependence is large in the region between 1570 nm and 1580 nm [10]. It is reported that a novel technique to suppress the temperature-dependent gain of an L-band EDFA where the overall system gain is suppressed to less than ±1.5 dB for a saturated gain of 15 dB, is measured over a temperature range of 40 • C to +80 • C. In this study, temperature dependence of SS, DS, and GF DS L-band EDFA configurations has been analyzed to obtain the minimal gain variations in the temperature range from −20 • C to 60 • C. In addition to that, optimum EDF lengths for SS and GF DS L-band EDFAs are determined. ...
In this study, single stage (SS), double-stage (DS), and gain flattened (GF) DS L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) configurations are designed in order to obtain a flat gain amplifier. Temperature dependence of the mentioned configurations is also analyzed. Maximum spectral dependence of EDFA gain with respect to temperature is obtained for SS EDFA design while smaller spectral dependence of gains is obtained for both DS and GF DS L-EDFA configurations. It is observed that the maximum temperature dependence is in the range of 1570–1580nm band for all configurations. It has also been found that for all configurations, reducing the temperature has greater effect than raising the temperature on EDFA gain. The overall results show that a temperature independent L-band configuration has not been possible. However, for some signal wavelengths, the erbium-doped fiber (EDF) lengths at which the gain is temperature independent are observed.
... Yapılan çalışmalar, C bandı için kesit alanı daha az değiştiğinden sıcaklık değişimlerinde daha az, L bandının ise kesit alanı değişimi daha fazla olduğundan sıcaklık değişimlerinden daha fazla etkilendiğini göstermiştir [1,[9][10][11]. Sıcaklığın erbiyum katkılı fiberin çıkış karakteristiklerinde yaptığı etkiler, kimi çalışmalarda katkı malzemesi değiştirilerek araştırılmış [12][13][14], bazı çalışmalarda sıcaklık etkisi ile ilgili birçok teorik çalışma gerçekleştirilmiş [15][16][17][18], bazı çalışmalarda ise sıcaklığın çıkış kazancına olan etkisi yapay zekâ teknikleri kullanılarak tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır [19][20]. Bu çalışmada sıcaklığı değişen bir sistem farklı dalga boylarında pompalanarak pompa dalga boyu değişiminin sıcaklık bağımlılığına etkisi incelenmiştir. ...
In this study, effects of temperature dependence of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) for varying pump laser wavelength were analyzed. EDFA was examined experimentally for 980 nm and 1480 nm pump wavelengths, -20 dBm and -30 dBm input signal powers in the temperature range between -10°C and 60°C. Consequently, it is seen that temperature dependent gain variation of EDFA is lower for 980 nm pump wavelength.
... Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda C bandı için soğurum ve yayılım kesiti çok az değiştiğinden sıcaklık değişimlerinden daha az etkilenmekte, L bandı ise kesit değişimi daha fazla olduğundan sıcaklık değişimlerine daha fazla duyarlılık göstermektedir [8,9]. Yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle erbiyum katkılı fiberin katkı malzemesi değiştirilerek sıcaklığın etkisi araştırılmış [10][11][12] ayrıca sıcaklık etkisi ile ilgili bazı teorik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir [13][14][15][16]. Bunların dışında sıcaklık tahminini yapay zeka teknikleri kullanılarak yapan çalışmalar mevcuttur [17,18]. ...
In this study, temperature dependence of noise figure of C band erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) has been investigated. To do this, EDFA is analyzed for 980 nm and 1480 nm pump wavelengths, -20 dBm and -30 dBm input signal powers in the temperature range between 0 degrees C and 60 degrees C. In the analysis, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) effect was taken into account. The design is simulated using OptiAmplifier 4.0 software. Then, the experimental setup was established and the measurements were done, and for 980 nm pumping, the wavelength gaps that the effect of temperature negligible was obtained. Consequently, it has been found that, 980nm pumped signal having lower noise figure than 1480 nm pumped signal.
