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8 Human placental lactogen A structural representation of human placental lactogen. The four characteristic α-helicies are represented in blue (helix 1), red (helix 2), yellow (helix 3), and green (helix 4) (14, 59). Images are rotated 90° on the z-axis (center) and 90° on the x-axis.
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Background
Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a major bioactive component of the Chinese herb astragalus, with well-established protective effects on the kidney. However, the effect of APS on diabetic nephropathy (DN) is unclear.
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