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In the last two decades, artificial light at night has increased at alarming rates on global level and numerous negative effects of excessive artificial lighting are characterized as light pollution. However, light pollution has not gained enough attention such as water or air pollution, even though researchers are finding more and more evidence of...
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... photoreceptors evolved 500 my ago and they are still present in most organisms, including humans (Dunlap, 1999). Any kind of changes in circadian clock functioning may cause metabolic, sleep and performance irregularities ( figure 4). Perhaps the most dangerous disorder is reduced production of Figure 3. Forms of light pollution the hormone melatonin. ...
Context 2
... photoreceptors evolved 500 my ago and they are still present in most organisms, including humans (Dunlap, 1999). Any kind of changes in circadian clock functioning may cause metabolic, sleep and performance irregularities ( figure 4). Perhaps the most dangerous disorder is reduced production of Figure 3. Forms of light pollution the hormone melatonin. ...
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... Marine animals do not escape the problem of light pollution either; turtles' navigation becomes disrupted due to skyglow and lights from industrial areas [28]. Several works highlight ALAN's impact on protected areas and conservation efforts ( [29,30]). Specifically, in the effort of firefly conservation, while protected areas have been able to buffer the effects of urbanization and deforestation, protected areas have been found to be incapable of stopping light pollution from disrupting firefly reproduction [31]. Because of the growing awareness of light pollution, especially near protected areas, further examination and sound policies must be created [32]. ...
Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) significantly threatens protected areas from urbanization. As urbanization continues to grow, there is a need for forecasting future light pollution and ALAN for the protected areas in Indonesia. This study proposes a four-step computational model for forecasting spatial–temporal light pollution in nine protected areas in Indonesia via spatiotemporal modeling and linear models. The four steps for predicting spatial–temporal light pollution are (i) data collection, (ii) data pre-processing, (iii) model and prediction of population, and (iv) model and prediction of light pollution. Two critical data must be provided: population data from the review area and light pollution data generated by the Earth Observations Group (EOG) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). We are using nine conservation areas in Indonesia, including the Kuningan Botanical Gardens, Bosscha Observatory, Timau Kupang National Observatory, Sermo Reservoir, Mount Batur Geopark, Sewu Mountains Geopark, Mount Rinjani Geopark, Lake Toba Geopark, and Belitong Geopark. The developed model involves a linear model to predict ALAN with spatial–temporal modeling. We present long-term predictions for the next 20 years.
... When dietary patterns are abnormal, the diet's macronutrients, for example, may not be processed properly, which can result in weight gain and other metabolic issues. The chrono nutrition profile consists mostly of six questions, including the size of the largest meal consumed and the frequency and timing of meals, which have a significant impact on the circadian clock and circadian rhythm and ultimately lead to poor metabolism (12). This significant study is the first to establish an association between constipation and chrononutrition. ...
Functional constipation is a common public health problem which may reduce one’s level of productivity and quality of life. Chrono nutrition profile involves the relationship between one’s circadian rhythm and the dietary pattern. The objective of this study is to explore the association between chrono nutrition profile and lifestyle pattern of constipated subjects. University teaching faculty (n = 364) were screened using a cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique. A pre-tested and validated structured questionnaire was administered to them bearing questions related to their constipation status, chrono nutrition profile and lifestyle pattern including diet and physical activity. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using JASP software 2022. The background information of the study participants revealed that most of the respondents were females (59.1%), married (73.1%) and stayed in nuclear families (62.1%) with a family income of > INR 123,322.00 (42.3%) and their age ranged between 35–64 years. Functional constipation was observed in 25% subjects (n = 90). Physical activity of the study subjects indicated 83% and 17% were in the sedentary and mildly active categories respectively and it was significantly negatively correlated with presence of FC among the subjects (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed with constipation in terms of the working day profile, whereas in terms of a free day profile, chrono nutrition profile showed a significant association (p < 0.05). However, the type of diet consumed by the subjects did not show any significant association with the constipation profile. Functional constipation was observed in 1/4th of the study sample. The findings suggest an association with a poor chrono nutrition profile with the constipation status of the study population on a free day. Further advice can be given to subjects suffering from constipation to improve their lifestyle pattern consistently on both working and free days.
... Marine animals do not escape the problem of light pollution either; turtles' navigation becomes disrupted due to skyglow and lights from industrial areas (Kamrowski et al., 2014). Several works highlight ALAN's impact on protected areas and conservation efforts (Bjelajac & Đerčan, 2019;Sung, 2022). Specifically, in the effort of firefly conservation, while protected areas have been able to buffer the effects of urbanization and deforestation, protected areas have been found to be incapable of stopping light pollution from disrupting firefly reproduction (Vaz et al., 2021). ...
Artificial light at night is one significant threat to protected areas from urbanization (ALAN). As urbanization continues to grow in Indonesia, there is a need for forecasting future light pollution and ALAN for the protected areas in Indonesia. To fulfill this need, we are aimed to design a computational model and its implementation to forecast light pollution in nine protected areas in Indonesia via spatiotemporal modeling using linear models. In this study, in general, there are four steps to predict spatial-temporal light pollution, namely (i) data collection, (ii) data pre-processing, (iii) model and prediction of population, and (iv) model and prediction of light pollution. Two critical data must be provided: population data from the review area and light pollution data generated by the Earth Observations Group (EOG) at NOAA/NCEI. We are using nine conservation areas in Indonesia, namely the Kuningan Botanical Gardens, Bosscha Observatory, Timau Kupang National Observatory, Sermo Reservoir, Mount Batur Geopark, Sewu Mountains Geopark, Mount Rinjani Geopark, Lake Toba Geopark, and Belitong Geopark. The developed model involves a linear model to predict artificial light at night with spatial-temporal modeling. Through the fitting stage, the average RMSE in 2020, 2021, and 2021 was obtained, namely 0.079, 0.097, 0.071, respectively. Moreover, long-term predictions for the next 20 years have been conducted as well.
... Light pollution can be considered as one of the negative products of urbanization processes that are rapidly increasing worldwide (Mizon 2002;Bjelajac and Đerčan 2019). The main consequences of this type of pollutant can be grouped into the following categories-the disappearance of dark skies due to the skyglow, the disruption of biological timings and general behavior of animals and plants, significant economic and energy loss, and degradation of human health (Mizon 2002). ...
... The evolution of artificial lighting from the first fire torches to the light-emitting diodes (LED) we use at present, had lasted for more than 400,000 years. From the earliest civilizations until today, people have been constantly searching for new ways to improve lighting, not only because of the primal fear mentioned before but also to prolong our daytime activities and accelerate the overall progress (Spear 2013;Bjelajac and Đerčan 2019). However, the first degradation of the night sky quality began only two centuries ago (1792), when William Murdok invented a gas lamp and lighted his own house with it. ...
... Thus, along with the improvement of gas lamps, several factories worked on developing electric lights, or the first electric light bulbs in the world. It can be stated that the modern era of artificial lighting officially started with the invention of low-pressure sodium lamps during the 1930s, and afterward high-pressure sodium lamps in 1964 which quickly spread worldwide and are used by this date (Brox 2009;Spear 2013;Bjelajac and Đerčan 2019). Based on the data presented so far, it can be roughly estimated that modern artificial lighting occupies only 0.01% of the entire period since hominids established control over fire. ...
Light pollution is one of the fastest-growing pollutants of the environment and considering the amount and diversity of negative consequences, it is a highly interdisciplinary subject. So far, most of the research about the negative influence of light pollution on human health was based on the disruption of the circadian clock, sleep deprivation, and other physical diseases. Together with artificial lighting, the rapid development of information and communication technology significantly contributed to the increased lighting levels in the indoor environment and at the same time influenced the perception of natural darkness as something unnatural and undesired. On the other hand, the same technologies can be a useful asset in the popularization of astronomy-related activities, thus promoting the necessity for dark skies preservation. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of dark skies and appropriate usage of ICTs in the nighttime hours for our psychological health and well-being in general and at the same time to propose astronomy tourism as a part of the sustainable tourism offer as a tool for fighting light pollution.
... Some facts about the level and dynamics of this pollution have caused a shock, especially the facts that: a) more than 80% of the population of the world and more than 99% of that of the U.S. and Europe live under light-polluted skies; b) the Milky Way is hidden from more than one-third of humanity, including 60% of Europeans and nearly 80% of North Americans; c) 23% of the world's land surface area between 75 • N and 60 • S, 88% of Europe, and almost half of the United States experiences light-polluted nights (Falchi et al., 2019). In addition, at present even the most protected areas have revealed the widespread incursion of artificial nighttime lighting (Garrett et al., 2020;Gaston et al., 2015a;Guetté et al., 2018), as was confirmed by examples from UK (Cox et al., 2020), China (Jiang et al., 2017;Xu et al., 2019), Ukraine (Peregrym et al., 2019(Peregrym et al., , 2018 and some Balkan countries (Bjelajac and Đerčan, 2019;Peregrym et al., 2020). ...
ALAN (artificial light at night) can give, if done adequately, a lot of benefits for human society, but it affects reproduction, navigation, foraging, habitat selection, communication, trophic and social interactions of the biota in the same time. Taking into account dramatic increase in light pollution of the night sky and night environment during the past decades, the creation of refugia where natural habitats are not influenced by ALAN is very important. We selected promising territories without, or with a low impact of, ALAN for the development of a VIDA (Very Important Dark Area) Network in Europe and the Caucasus region. 54 VIDAs within the borders of 30 countries were chosen, located in different biogeographic regions, at different altitudes, and in juxtaposition with protected areas. Special attention has been paid to sea and ocean islands, non-polluted by ALAN, as well as to large parts of European Russia and Kazakhstan where there is still a low level of light pollution. These places might be a basis for the protection of biodiversity from the consequences of ALAN, and they can also serve as key education centers for increasing the awareness of the problem of light pollution of the sky at night. Due to the fact that light propagates far away in the atmosphere, the protection of VIDAs can be obtained only if a strong anti-light pollution action is enforced also in the surrounding areas, at least 100 km from the borders of the VIDAs.
... conservation networks like the Important Bird Area Network (Puzovič 2009;Velevski et al. 2010), the Important Plant Area Network (Angelova et al. 2012;Melovski et al. 2012;Nikolić 2009;Petrović 2009;Stevanović and Šinžar-Sekulić 2009), the NATURA 2000 Network (Gussev and Tzonev 2015; The Ministry of Environment and Water of Bulgaria 2014), and Emerald Network (Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 2008; Group of Experts for the setting up of the Emerald Network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest 2003Prokić 2008) in countries of the region, anthropogenic influence to natural and semi natural ecosystems has been increasing for a long time (Griffiths and Kryštufek 2004;Kulakowski et al. 2017;Longman et al. 2018;Marinova et al. 2012; The European Environment Agency 2011). Moreover, new types of disturbance and pollution arise, one of the more recent pressures is artificial light at night (ALAN) that has already been noted for protected areas of autonomous province of Vojvodina in North Serbia (Bjelajac and Đerčan 2019). ...
... There are only few countries like Italy, which enforce laws against light pollution (Falchi 2018). Though the investigations of the level of ecological light pollution within protected areas of some countries and regions show its widespread incursion (Bjelajac and Đerčan 2019;Gaston et al. 2015a;Guetté et al. 2018;Jiang et al. 2017;Peregrym et al. 2018). Therefore, in view of the foregoing, it has been decided to estimate the level of ecological light pollution and its danger for strict protected areas (Nature Reserves, National and Nature Parks) of the Balkans as unique places for biodiversity conservation. ...
The Balkan Peninsula has rich biodiversity
with a large number of endemic species; therefore, a part
of its territory has been recognized as aWorld Biodiversity
Hotspot. Despite nature conservation efforts and
development of nature conservation networks in countries
of the region, anthropogenic influence on natural
and semi natural ecosystems is increasing. Moreover,
new types of disturbance and pollution arise, and one of
the more recent being artificial light at night (ALAN)
which has serious consequences on reproduction, navigation,
foraging, habitat selection, communication, trophic
and social interactions of the biota. We have estimated
the level of ecological light pollution in the strict
protected areas of the Republic of Serbia, the Republic
of Bulgaria, and Montenegro using available Google
Earth Pro tools, and the New World Atlas of Artificial
Sky Brightness (2016) in the form of a kmz layer. The
research has covered 13 National Parks, 11 Nature Parks
and 55 Reserves. Our results showed widespread incursion
of ALAN within strict protected areas in the studied region
that has also been noted for some other countries and
regions too. However, the level of light pollution is lower
here, than in the most part of Continental Europe, and
there are a few areas in each country where the night sky
above National and Natural Parks is almost dark. These
territories have a special value for nature conservation;
therefore, it is important to save the dark night sky there.
Functional constipation is a common public health problem which may reduce one’s level of productivity and quality of life. Chrononutrition profile involves the relationship between one’s circadian rhythm and the dietary pattern. The objective of this study is to explore the association between chrono nutrition profile and lifestyle pattern of constipated subjects. University teaching faculty (n = 364) was screened using a cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique. A pre-tested and validated structured questionnaire was administered to them bearing questions related to their constipation status, chrononutrition profile and lifestyle pattern including diet and physical activity. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using JASP software 2022. The background information of the study participants revealed that most of the respondents were females (59.1%), married (73.1%) and stayed in nuclear families (62.1%) with a family income of > INR 123,322.00 (42.3%) and their age ranged between 35 and 64 years. Functional constipation was observed in 25% of the subjects (n = 90). Physical activity of the study subjects indicated that 83% and 17% were in the sedentary and mildly active categories respectively and it was significantly negatively correlated with presence of FC among the subjects (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed with constipation in terms of the working day profile, whereas in terms of a free day profile, chrono nutrition profile showed a significant association (p < 0.05). However, the type of diet consumed by the subjects did not show any significant association with the constipation profile. Functional constipation was observed in 1/4 of the study sample. The findings suggest an association with a poor chrono nutrition profile with the constipation status of the study population on a free day. Further advice can be given to subjects suffering from constipation to improve their lifestyle pattern consistently on both working and free days.
Chronic disease states of aging should be viewed through the prism of metabolism and biophysical processes at all levels of physiological organization present in the human body. This book connects these insights to what causes them to go awry in the context of unhealthy human behaviors and aging, aiming to buttress scientific creativity. It also provides links between the art and science of medicine that strengthens problem-solving in patient care. New and important discoveries in the area of metabolic health and metabolic diseases are discussed in exquisite detail. Key Features: Broad and up-to-date overview of the field of metabolic aspects of health and chronic disease development, especially connecting the spectrum of topics that range from molecular clocks to stress response to nuclear hormone receptors and the role of microbiota in human health Provides a deeper basic science and interdisciplinary understanding of biological systems that broaden the perspectives and therapeutic problem solving by elaborating on the usefulness of the Physiological Fitness Landscape Describes the importance of insulin resistance in metabolic disease, especially diabetes but also includes links to cancer and Alzheimer's disease Examines the process of aging from the perspective of metabolic decline illustrating it with the Physiological Fitness Landscape This book, the second volume in a two-volume set, primarily targets an audience of clinical and science students, biomedical researchers and physicians who would benefit from understanding each other's language.
ÖZET Küresel seyahat ve rekreasyon eğilimleri hızla değişkenlik gösterirken gökyüzü fenomenlerine olan merak tarihin her sürecinde olduğu gibi bugünde boş zaman aktivitesi olarak ilgi uyandırmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında yükselen bir trend ve niş bir pazar potansiyeli taşıyan astrofotoğrafçılık değerlendirilmektedir. Gezginleri doğaya yakınlaştıran ve kirlenmemiş bir gökyüzü için korumaya teşvik eden yeni, popüler ve büyümekte olan niş bir pazar sunan boş zaman etkinliği astrofotoğrafçılıktır. Eğitici, bilgilendirici, sorumlu ve sürdürülebilir bir rekreasyon alanı olarak astrofotoğrafçılığın karakteristik yönü ciddi boş zaman perspektifinden ele alınmakta; karanlık gökyüzünü koruma konusunda farkındalık yaratılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, ziyaretçilerin sorumlu bir şekilde seyahat etmeye hazırlandığı dönemde geliştirilmeye oldukça açık bir turizm ve rekreasyon aktivitesi olan astrofotoğrafçılığa dikkat çekmesi; eşsiz ve bozulmamış karanlık gökyüzünü koruma konusunda farkındalık yaratması açısından önem taşımaktadır.
ABSTRACT While the global travel and recreation trends are changing rapidly, the curiosity about the sky phenomena continues to arouse interest as a leisure activity today as it has been in every period of history. Within the scope of this study, astrophotography, which has a rising trend and a niche market potential, is evaluated. The leisure activity that offers a new, popular and growing niche market that brings travelers closer to nature and encourages conservation for an unpolluted sky is astrophotography. As an educational, informative, responsible and sustainable recreation area, the characteristic aspect of astrophotography is discussed from a serious leisure perspective; raising awareness about protecting the dark skies. This study draws attention to astrophotography, a tourism and recreation activity that is open to development when visitors are prepared to travel responsibly; It is important in terms of raising awareness about preserving the unique and unspoiled dark sky.
