Table 2
Source publication
Background: The increasing rate of mortality due to cardiovascular disease has been reported in people with low physical activity worldwide. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of spirulina supplementation and combined aerobicstrength training on serum homocysteine of inactive females. Methods: It was a semi e...
Context in source publication
Citations
... Research has identified that propolis can reduce oxidative stress in liver tissue and plasma and reduce Alanine-and Aspartateaminotransferase (ALT and AST, respectively) enzymes (23,25). Regarding the beneficial role of exercise on prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome disease, many studied have been conducted (26)(27)(28)(29). So far, many studies have been performed on the effects of exercise on fatty liver and its associated risk factors, most of which reported reduction of liver fat, visceral fat, insulin resistance, IL6, TNF-α and liver enzymes such as AST and ALT (21,30). ...
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, which can eventually lead to death. Aim: To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and iranian propolis extract on serum levels of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) proteins in patients with NAFLD. Methods: Thirty-two patients with NAFLD (mean±standard deviation of age: 45.1±3.6 years; body mass index: 30.0±3.6 kg/m 2) were assigned in a randomized control trial to one of the following groups: HIIT (n=8), propolis supplement (n=8), propolis + HIIT (n=8), and controls (n=8). The subjects participated in eight weeks of HIIT (one bout of 1-min intervals at 80-95% of the maximal heart-rate, interspersed by two min at 50-55% of the reserve heart-rate). The Propolis supplement was taken three times a day by the patients in the form of 50 mg tablet after the main meals. Body composition, liver injury test (eg; Alanine-and Aspartate-aminotransferase levels), liver ultrasound and serum levels of TRPV4 and CYP2E1 were measured before and after intervention. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare post-tests among the groups. Results: HIIT significantly reduced serum levels of TRPV4 protein (p=0.001). The reduction in CYP2E1 was not significant in HIIT group (p=0.075). Propolis consumption had no significant effect on serum levels of CYP2E1 protein (p=0.059), and TRPV4 (p=0.072). There was a significant decrease in TRPV4 and CYP2E1 in the HIIT (p=0.001) and propolis supplement (p=0.032) groups. Conclusion: HIIT and propolis supplementation can be used to reduce TRPV4 and CYP2E1, which in turn reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with NAFLD.
... As shown in Figure 1, the primary search identified 981 relevant articles, 428 of which were assessed after duplicates had been removed and the titles and abstracts screened. According to the search topic and the inclusion criteria, 13 studies were included in the present systematic review (8,9,20,22,24,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43) ( Table 1). ...
... In total, 267 participants were analyzed. Only 3 studies involved female participants (9,24,43). The majority of the studies dealt with adult participants with a mean age of between 20 and 30 years; only two studies had participants with a mean age of 40 ± 8 (42) and 51 ± 3 years (43). ...
... Only 3 studies involved female participants (9,24,43). The majority of the studies dealt with adult participants with a mean age of between 20 and 30 years; only two studies had participants with a mean age of 40 ± 8 (42) and 51 ± 3 years (43). ...
Arthrospira platensis, also known as spirulina, is currently one of the most well-known algae supplements, mainly due to its high content of bioactive compounds that may promote human health. Some authors have hypothesized that spirulina consumption could protect subjects from exercise-induced oxidative stress, accelerate recovery by reducing muscle damage, and stimulate the immune system. Based on this, the main goal of this review was to critically analyze the effects of spirulina on oxidative stress, immune system, inflammation and performance in athletes and people undergoing exercise interventions. Of the 981 articles found, 428 studies were considered eligible and 13 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. Most recently spirulina supplementation has demonstrated ergogenic potential during submaximal exercise, increasing oxygen uptake and improving exercise tolerance. Nevertheless, spirulina supplementation does not seem to enhance physical performance in power athletes. Considering that data supporting benefits to the immune system from spirulina supplementation is still lacking, overall evidence regarding the benefit of spirulina supplementation in healthy people engaged in physical exercise is scarce and not consistent. Currently, spirulina supplementation might be considered in athletes who do not meet the recommended dietary intake of antioxidants. Further high-quality research is needed to evaluate the effects of spirulina consumption on performance, the immune system and recovery in athletes and active people.
Systematic review registration
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=262896], identifier [CRD42021262896].
... Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide [1]. More than one billion people worldwide suffer from HTN [2], where the incidence of HTN also increases with age, resulting in a large proportion of the elderly having hypertension [3]. ...
IntroductionNitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that plays an important role in blood pressure control. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of 8 weeks of resistance-interval and endurance-resistance trainings on plasma levels of adropin and NO in males with hypertension.Method
Forty-five patients with hypertension were recruited and divided into 3 groups of control (age = 51.1 ± 6.4 years, body mass = 80.4 ± 9.2 kg), resistance-interval training (age = 50.7 ± 5.5 years, body mass = 78.1 ± 11 kg), and endurance-resistance training (age = 52.8 ± 6.1 years, body mass = 79.6 ± 9.2 kg). The resistance training program was performed in 2 sets, 10 to 15 repetitions, with 50% intensity of one repetition maximum. Increasing endurance training was performed for 30–40 min at 60–70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) on the bike. The high-intensity interval training program consisted of 4 intervals of 80 to 90% of HRmax and 3-min recovery periods of 60 to 70% of HRmax. Blood samples were collected 1 week before the start of the training program and 48 h after the last training session. Plasma levels of adropin and nitrite/nitrate were measured by ELISA before and after the exercise interventions.ResultsEight weeks of resistance-interval and endurance-resistance trainings increased plasma levels of adropin and NO and decreased blood pressure (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, plasma levels of adropin increased in both exercise groups, whereas NO levels increased only in the endurance-resistance training. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the resistance-interval training (P ≤ 0.05) while it remained unchanged in the endurance-resistance group.Conclusion
Resistance-interval and endurance-resistance trainings are effective in decreasing blood pressure by increasing cardiorespiratory capacity and plasma levels of adropin and NO.
... These authors also stated that the final cortisol levels change during exercise are dependent on the total duration of the exercise bout. It is well documented that the rest interval periods between the sets as an important factor would affect the work performed in subsequent sets (14), the metabolic (15) and hormonal responses to exercise training (16), and training adaptations (17,18). However, acute response of cortisol and testosterone to different rest interval is not well known. ...
Objectives: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of two months of intermittent aerobic exercise on cortisol and testosterone hormones. Methods: Twenty healthy sedentary volunteer male subjects (age: 22.2 ± 3.2; height: 174.5 ± 4.6 cm) participated in this research. They were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control conditions. Fasting blood sample was drawn prior to the start of the exercise program from both groups. The experimental group participated in 8 consecutive weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise running 4 distances of 200 meter with rest interval between each run. The running distance increased 400 meter weekly. At the end of the program, fasting blood samples was obtained to measure the testosterone and cortisol hormone. Results: The results of analysis indicated that no significant changes occurred in the mean value of serum testosterone of both groups in the experimental and control group (P > 0.05). However, the exercise condition caused a significant change in the mean value of serum cortisol in the exercising group (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The significant change in cortisol was associated with significant weight loss in the exercise group suggesting that this condition caused inflammation in addition to the fat catabolism in the exercised group.
... These authors also stated that the final cortisol levels change during exercise are dependent on the total duration of the exercise bout. It is well documented that the rest interval periods between the sets as an important factor would affect the work performed in subsequent sets (14), the metabolic (15) and hormonal responses to exercise training (16), and training adaptations (17,18). However, acute response of cortisol and testosterone to different rest interval is not well known. ...
... Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and is one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide [1]. More than one billion people worldwide suffer from HTN [2], where the incidence of HTN also increases with age, resulting in a large proportion of the elderly having hypertension [3]. ...
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological counselling on performance of health promotion exercise in persons with metabolic syndrome. 46 subjects with metabolic syndrome including diabetes 2, fatty liver, hypertension. Phone call follow up, telegram channel, Body composition analyzer were used as instrument. the results suggested that blood sugar (BS), Triglyceride (TG), Body Mass Index (BMI) were decreased significantly after a three month psychological intervention. Conclusively, it was found that psychological counselling can be effective in performance of health promotion exercise in persons with metabolic syndrome.
Key words: exercise, health index, metabolic syndrome.
Obesity and overweight are associated with the burden of chronic diseases. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to determine the efficacy of spirulina in reducing of obesity indices. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases were searched up to November 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing spirulina supplementation with a placebo or no treatment for anthropometric indices were included. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were carried out. Publication bias was evaluated using standard methods. Spirulina had ameliorative effects on weight (WMD = -1.85 Kg; 95% CI: -2.44, -1.26; p < .001; I2 = 82.4%, p < .001), and waist circumference (WMD = -1.09 cm; 95% CI: -2.16, -0.01; p = .046; I2 = 0.0%, p = .757) while no significant effect was shown on body mass index, even after sensitivity analysis (SMD = -0.53 Kg/m2 ; 95% CI: -1.25, 0.19; p = .149; I2 = 92.9%, p < .001); however, spirulina was effective in studies lasted for at least 12 weeks (SMD = -1.25 Kg/m2 ; 95% CI: -2.21, -0.28; p = .011; I2 = 90.8%, p < .001). Spirulina supplementation exerts beneficial effects on weight and waist circumference. The ameliorative effect of spirulina on body mass index was revealed in longer duration of supplementation.
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the first cause of death in diabetic patients and angiogenesis is the most important mechanism for the recovery of heart blood flow in physiologic and pathologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of moderate continuous and sever interval training on heart angiogenesis in Wistar male diabetic rats. Methods: 32 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: healthy non-exercised, diabetic no exercise, diabetic + moderate continuation and diabetic + severe interval exercises. Two types of exercises were calibrated and the exercise intensity was determined based on the maximum oxygen consumption and 5 days a week. The pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP2, TGFβ1) and anti-angiogenic (TIMP2) agents of the left ventricle of the heart were taken from the rat after 48 hours of the last training session. Western blot method was used to evaluate the synthesis of proteins involved in angiogenic route. Data were measured by one-way variance analysis with repeated measurements (P =0/000). Results: The results showed that the levels of proangiogenic VEGF, MMP2, TGFβ1 significantly increased, but the anti-angiogenic factor of TIMP2 decreased (P <0.05). In addition, the maximum level of oxygen consumed in both continuous and periodic training groups showed a significant increase. Conclusion: Moderate and continuous exercise increases angiogenic factors in the heart of diabetic Wistar rats, which is a good way to reduce the mortality rate of diabetes.
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is the first cause of death in diabetic patients and angiogenesis is the
most important mechanism for the recovery of heart blood flow in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of eight weeks of moderate continuous and sever
interval training on heart angiogenesis in Wistar male diabetic rats.
Methods: 32 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups: healthy non-exercised, diabetic no exercise,
diabetic + moderate continuation and diabetic + severe interval exercises. Two types of exercises were
calibrated and the exercise intensity was determined based on the maximum oxygen consumption and 5 days
a week. The pro-angiogenic (VEGF, MMP2, TGFβ1) and anti-angiogenic (TIMP2) agents of the left ventricle
of the heart were taken from the rat after 48 hours of the last training session. Western blot method was used
to evaluate the synthesis of proteins involved in angiogenic route. Data were measured by one-way variance
analysis with repeated measurements (P =0/000).
Results: The results showed that the levels of proangiogenic VEGF, MMP2, TGFβ1 significantly increased,
but the anti-angiogenic factor of TIMP2 decreased (P <0.05). In addition, the maximum level of oxygen
consumed in both continuous and periodic training groups showed a significant increase.
Conclusion: Moderate and continuous exercise increases angiogenic factors in the heart of diabetic Wistar
rats, which is a good way to reduce the mortality rate of diabetes.
