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Histopathological finding of rabbits’ liver after 10 weeks of treatment. Control: a microscopic view of a normal liver. RHMVO fed group: a microscopic view of fatty liver showing distended hepatocytes due to fat vacuoles. Mk LE-300 group: observed a lesser number of fat vacuoles in the portal area. Mk LE-500 group: observed an insignificant number of fat vacuoles. Lovastatin group: observed an insignificant number of fat vacuoles (200x magnification)
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Statins are considered as standard drugs to control cholesterol levels, but their use is also associated with renal hypertrophy, hemorrhagic stroke, hepatomegaly, and myopathy. Murraya koenigii is an herb that is used in traditional cuisine and as a medicine in South Asia. Here we assessed the antidyslipidemic and antiatherosclerotic e...
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... Therefore, the use of medicinal plants gains popularity due to safe therapeutic agent, low toxicity and curative remedy for numerous diseases. Several studies showed that Murraya koenigii leaves possess cardioprotective potential 24,25 in various experimental models. Data obtained in this study (Table 1) indicates that leaves of Murraya koenigii of hexane, "MURK-HEX", ethyl acetate, "MURK-EA" and methanol, "MURK-MeOH" extracts at the doses of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg displayed the dose dependent decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ...
... The toxic effect of high fat diet is evitable (32) like toxicity of some plants extracts and other toxin (33) (34). It is however the matter of ratio of fat peroxidation to antioxidants that determine its toxicity (35).It worthwhile to mention some other studies that show the antihyperlipidemic effect of some plants (36) the effect of many food preservative may affect other organs (37) The bad effects of oils used nowadays may be attributed to the way of cooking (38,39) As fish oils are cardioprotective (40)and sesame oil which shows promise in decreasing high levels of cholesterol and inflammation, lowering risks of atherosclerosis (41). ...
Ghee is well known clarified butter of animal origin (namely derived from sheep milk), it has been used for decades in Iraq for preparing deserts, but nowadays, its nutritional value has been reviewed and is an area of controversy because of its high content of saturated fatty acids; however, the sunflower seeds oil available in the market may not be of that good quality. Comparing the effect of ghee to the effect of sunflower seeds oil may help better understand this controversy, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of using animal ghee and sunflower seed oil on the liver's histopathology and related to various biochemical alterations in rats. We used 36 animals divided into three groups to accomplish this goal. The first group, which received a typical conventional diet, was regarded as a control group. The second group was given a diet that included 5% animal ghee. And the final group had a diet that included 5% sunflower oil. Blood samples were taken at intervals of 0, 2, and 4 consecutive weeks. There are an increase in the weights of animals in the sunflower oil-fed group with an increase in cholesterol and liver function enzymes ALT and AST in the blood compared with the group treated with ghee, which showed no change in animal weights and low cholesterol with decreased liver function enzymes The histopathological changes of the rat's liver revealed mild to moderate lesions in the Ghee fed group representing by vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells after four weeks of treatment. In the Sunflower seeds oil-fed group, the liver revealed more severe lesions than the rat treated in the ghee group, as severe vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes with fatty change, generalized congestion of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells in the portal area and hyperplasia of bile canaliculi. According to the study, animal ghee has advantages over sunflower seed oil regarding hepatic histological changes and concomitant biochemical changes in rats.
... Fresh and dried curry leaves are considered as an important ingredient in South Indian cuisine and are broadly used for seasoning and flavoring dishes. The curry leaves have well established therapeutic potentials like hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic [12][13][14][15], nephroprotective [16,17], hepatoprotective [18,19], gastroprotective [20], cardioprotective [21,22], atherosclerotic [23] and cholesterol lowering effects in experimental animals [24]. The alcoholic leaf extract possessed antioxidant [25,26], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [27][28][29], antipyretic [30], antitrichomonal [31], antibacterial [32,33], antifungal [34], antileishmanial [35], antidiarrheal [36], wound-healing [37], anti-obesity [38], anticancer [39][40][41], and immunomodulatory activities [42,43]. ...
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) mainly affect neurons and gradually lead to a loss of normal motor and cognitive functions. Atypical protein homeostasis-misfolding, aggregations and accumulations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-are common features in most NDs. To date, due to the complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, no defined treatment is available. There has been increasing interest in plant extracts as potential alternative medicines as the presence of various active components may exert synergistic and multi-pharmacological effects. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. Pharmacological studies evidenced its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomod-ulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, among others. In line with our interest in exploring natural agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review presents an overview of literature concerning the mechanisms of action and the safety profile of significant bioactive components present in M. koenigii leaves to support further investigations into their neuroprotective therapeutic potential.
Falafel is the most common Egyptian street food, and deep-frying palm oil is a commonly used for frying it. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of deep-frying palm olein oil-fried street falafel on testes of Wistar rats. Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups and given treatment as follows: control group received only distilled water, fresh palm olein oil (FPO) group received FPO (1 ml/100 g BW/day) and deep-frying palm olein oil (DPO) group received DPO (1 ml/100 g BW/day) orally for 28 days. Serum level of testosterone, testicular tissue oxidative status, and sperm characteristics were determined. Testicular specimens were processed for histopathological examination. The results revealed that DPO group showed a significant (p<0.01) decrease in serum testosterone with significant (p<0.01) reduction of testicular glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, whereas testicular malondialdehyde was markedly (p<0.001) raised. There were significant decrease in epididymal sperm count (p<0.01), sperm progress motility (p<0.001), and increase abnormal sperm rate (p<0.001) in DPO group. Testicular histology in DPO group showed structural abnormalities which are compatible with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant deficiency. In Conclusion, deep-frying palm olein oil that used for the frying falafel induces testicular abnormalities in rats.
Cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. It plays critical roles in numerous cellular functions, including cell signaling, as well as in cell viability, growth, and proliferation. A variety of methods for altering the levels of cholesterol at the cell, tissue, and organism levels have been developed to identify, define, and characterize such roles. In this chapter, we describe the key in vitro and in vivo approaches used for this purpose and the challenges involved in their application. The approaches under consideration include the application of liposomes to enrich Xenopus oocytes, the use of cyclodextrins to either enrich or deplete oocytes, cells, and tissues, the utilization of lipoproteins to alter the levels of cholesterol in cells and tissues, and the administration of specific diets and therapies that affect cholesterol levels in laboratory animals. The chapter concludes with examples demonstrating the results of applying a variety of these approaches in ion channel research.
