Figure - available from: International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
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Histopathological examination showing non-specific findings consisting of a mild perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and neutrophils. (Hematoxylin-eosin stain. Original magnification 10×).
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We reported a case of an 11-year-old girl admitted to our hospital for goiter, tachycardia, sweating, and visible and palpable thyroid. Thyroid function tests revealed a low thyrotropin level (<0.004 mIU/L) and elevated free thyroxine level (3.4 ng/ dL) diagnosed with Graves’ disease and treated with methimazole. This anti-thyroid drug is recommend...
Citations
Objectives:
To investigate the incidence rate of adverse reactions of methimazole in children with hyperthyroidism.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 304 children with hyperthyroidism who were hospitalized in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2015 to May 2021. The incidence rate of methimazole-related adverse reactions was analyzed. The risk factors for common adverse reactions were evaluated.
Results:
Among the 304 children, 87 (28.6%) experienced adverse reactions, among whom there were 20 boys (23%) and 67 girls (77%). Common adverse reactions included neutropenia (12.8%), rash (11.8%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (9.5%), and joint pain (3.0%), and some children experienced multiple adverse reactions simultaneously or intermittently. Neutropenia often occurred within 3 months after administration (25/39, 64%), elevated alanine aminotransferase often occurred within 1 month after administration (17/29, 59%), and rash often occurred within 3 months after administration (30/36, 83%). Most of the above adverse reactions returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that younger age and lower absolute neutrophil count before treatment were risk factors for neutropenia after methimazole treatment (P<0.05).
Conclusions:
The adverse reactions of methimazole are common in children with hyperthyroidism, and most adverse reactions occur within 3 months after administration and can be relieved after symptomatic treatment. Children with a younger age or a lower baseline absolute neutrophil count may have a higher risk of neutropenia.
In this chapter we have summarized the adverse reactions to thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone analogues eprotirome, octreotide, iodine, radioactive iodine, and antithyroid drugs (thionamide class) reported from January 2018 to February 2019. Adverse effects that have been reported in the past but not in 2018 have been retained in the chapter with their respective citations to give the reader a complete spectrum of adverse effects. We performed a systematic review of literature and utilized the following resources: U.S. National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrial.gov, PubMed, WHO website, Cochrane, and Embase. Additionally, we also utilized the American Association of Poison Control Center (AAPCC) annual publication for reported cases involving these drugs. We have also sifted through the NIH Research Portfolio Online Report Tool to provide information on ongoing funded research related to adverse effects on these drugs with an aim to give our readers a taste of what's on the horizon. Search terms utilized for the databases were levothyroxine; methimazole; propylthiouracil; carbimazole; iodine; antithyroid agent; poisoning; adverse effect; adverse event; overdose; toxicity; octreotide.
In the current chapter, adverse reactions to thyroid hormones, thyroid hormone analogue eprotirome, octreotide, iodine, radioactive iodine, and antithyroid drugs thionamides which were reported from January 2016 to Febuary 2016 have been reviewed. As compared to our previous version, we have substantial changes in Section For the current version, in this year we have focused on the side effects of iodide and iodides when used only to treat thyroid disorders. PUBMED was used as the major search index.
