Fig 2 - uploaded by Kazue Ohishi
Content may be subject to copyright.
Histopathological examination of biopsy samples from connective tissue around the lesion. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. Infiltration of inflammatory cell mainly comprising lymphocytes and macrophages was observed.
Source publication
Although the presence of Brucella spp. in the western Pacific has been suggested by epidemiological studies on cetaceans, it has not been confirmed by bacterial isolation. Here, for the first time, we report that a marine Brucella strain was isolated in the western Pacific from a bottlenose dolphin with osteomyelitis. The isolate from the lesion wa...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... on the second-from-last lumbar vertebra, and some minor lesions were seen on caudal vertebrae (Fig. 1). Biopsy samples from the connective tissue around the lesion were subjected to histopathological examination and bacterial isolation. Histopathological analysis showed inflammatory cell infiltration mainly comprising lymphocytes and macrophages (Fig. 2). According to the image exams and histopathological results, the animal was diagnosed with osteomyelitis. Anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in the dolphin serum samples were examined via indirect-ELISA according to a modified method reported previously [1]. The specific antibodies were detected in the dolphin sera collected both on the day ...
Context 2
... on the second-from-last lumbar vertebra, and some minor lesions were seen on caudal vertebrae (Fig. 1). Biopsy samples from the connective tissue around the lesion were subjected to histopathological examination and bacterial isolation. Histopathological analysis showed inflammatory cell infiltration mainly comprising lymphocytes and macrophages (Fig. 2). According to the image exams and histopathological results, the animal was diagnosed with osteomyelitis. Anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in the dolphin serum samples were examined via indirect-ELISA according to a modified method reported previously [1]. The specific antibodies were detected in the dolphin sera collected both on the day ...
Similar publications
Introduction
Brucellosis is a rare cause of polyradiculopathy. We aim to present a case of subacute motor polyradiculopathy (SAMPR), along with the electromyographic pseudomyopathic changes, and their histopathological correlation.
Case presentation
A 24-year-old man presented with gradually progressive bilateral lower limb weakness for three week...
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The species, B. abortus and B. melitensis, major causative agents of human brucellosis, share remarkably similar genomes, but they differ in their natural hosts, phenotype, antigenic, immunogenic, proteomic and metabolomic properties. In the present study, label-free quan...
Background:
Abortion is considered an important disease problem of small ruminants in Borana pastoral area. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of chlamydiosis, coxiellosis (Q-fever) and brucellosis in small ruminants in selected districts of Borana zone.
Results:
A total of 506 sheep and goats were...
O trabalho realizado teve como objetivo descrever a riqueza, composição, distribuição espacial e sazonal das espécies de mamíferos marinhos identificados na Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas. Para isso, foram utilizados dados do Projeto de Caracterização Regional da Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas (PCR--SEAL), do Projeto de Monitoramento Ambiental e Atividade Pesq...
Objective: Serological tests are the most commonly used tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis; however, each serological test has some drawbacks. In this study, we aimed to determine the value of the Brucella Coombs gel test (BCGT) in the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in comparison with Standard tube agglutination (STA) and ELISA tests. Mate...
Citations
... Anti-Brucella antibodies have been detected in serum samples from several species of toothed cetaceans in the region without gross pathologic changes [14,18]. B. ceti was recently isolated for the first time from a bottlenose dolphin with osteomyelitis in the western North Pacific [20]. Therefore, B. ...
... Each ST shows a different IRS-PCR pattern; ST23, ST 26, and ST27 produce two amplicons by PCR-II and -III, a single amplicon by PCR-IV only, and a single amplicon by PCR-I only, respectively [22]. In Table 1, we have summarized the characteristics of JRT1/11, together with ST23, ST26 and ST27 of B. ceti, B. melitensis, and JM13/00 [13,16,20,22]. ...
... Strains possibly belonging to ST27 have also been detected in JRT1/11 and JM13/00 from cetaceans with severe orchitis [16]. In addition, an ST27 strain was recently isolated from a bottlenose dolphin with osteomyelitis in the sea around Japan [20]. Neurobrucellosis has also been reported in humans infected with ST27 strains, although there is no evidence of contact between the patients and marine mammals [11,19]. ...
In the western North Pacific, prominent granulomatous testes have been detected in many Brucella-infected common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), but there have been no reports in toothed cetaceans. We found severe orchitis with granulomatous lesions in a rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan in 2011. Histopathological examination revealed leukocyte infiltration of the lesions. DNA from the lesion was analyzed by PCR and it showed molecular biological similarities with those of Brucella-infected common minke whales and Brucella ceti of sequence-type 27 (ST27). These results suggest that the type of Brucella ceti that infected the dolphin was ST27, which may have caused severe orchitis. This study adds to our understanding of Brucella infections in marine mammals.
... can also induce osteoclast activation and cause bone resorption [16]. As other studies have shown [39], we observed discospondylitis in one Brucella-infected dolphin, paralleling what has been observed in humans and dolphins before [10]. However, as other authors [14] reported, we also observed skull lesions at the atlantooccipital level in one dolphin and isolated B. ceti from this lesion, indicating that this bacterium was the etiological agent responsible for this osteoarticular condition. ...
Se describe el primer caso, debidamente confirmado, de salmonelosis en un equino en Costa Rica; una potra iberoamericana de siete meses de edad con un cuadro de diarrea de unas cuatro semanas de transcurso y baja condición corporal. Se confirmó la presencia de Salmonella entérica, subespecie entérica, mediante el estudio bacteriológico de muestras de heces. En el estudio post-mortem, se observó una tiflocolitis ulcerativa y necrotizante extensiva severa.
... can also induce osteoclast activation and cause bone resorption [16]. As other studies have shown [39], we observed discospondylitis in one Brucella-infected dolphin, paralleling what has been observed in humans and dolphins before [10]. However, as other authors [14] reported, we also observed skull lesions at the atlantooccipital level in one dolphin and isolated B. ceti from this lesion, indicating that this bacterium was the etiological agent responsible for this osteoarticular condition. ...
Cetacean neurobrucellosis is a common cause of strandings in Costa Rica diagnosed by serology, bacteriology, and histopathology. Pathological studies were performed on 18 dolphins. Twelve were scanned by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) as a complementary tool for describing neurobrucellosis and osteoarticular alterations associated with Brucella ceti infections. The central nervous system (CNS) and the skeleton of five dolphins not infected with B ceti did not reveal alterations by PMCT scanning. Seven Brucella-infected dolphins showed at least bilateral ven-triculomegaly associated with hydrocephalus and accumulation in CSF in the lateral ventricles. We performed semiquantitative grading of the inflammatory process in the different areas of the CNS and evaluated the thickness of the cellular infiltrate in the meninges and the perivascular cuffs. The results for the severity grading were graphed to provide an injury profile associated with each area of the CNS. Age is not a decisive factor regarding neurobrucellosis presentation. The severity of ventriculomegaly by PMCT does not directly correlate with the severity of the inflammatory index determined by histopathological parameters of the brain cortex and other CNS regions, suggesting that these processes, although linked, are multifactorial and need further characterization and validation to establish better cutoffs on the PMCT.
... Isolates from the B. ceti genotype ST27 form a distinct and separate group and are of particular interest because all naturally acquired human brucellosis associated with marine environments belongs to this genotype ). ST27 has also been detected in bottlenose dolphins (Mackie et al. 2020;Ueno et al. 2020 Brucella pinnipedialis has been isolated from true seals, eared seals, sea otters (Enhydra lutris), and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) (Table 3). In MLSA, most B. pinnipedialis strains fell into the same cluster of STs, including strains from true seals, eared seals, and sea otters, but B. pinnipedialis from hooded and harp seals fell into a separate cluster in multiple studies (Nymo et al. 2011;Whatmore et al. 2017). ...
Brucellosis is a major zoonosis worldwide, including the Arctic and subarctic regions. It is caused by bacteria from the Brucella genus that primarily infects mammals, sometimes at livestock-wildlife interfaces, in which humans are spillover hosts. Brucella suis biovar 4 has almost a circumpolar distribution and is the main etiological agent in northern terrestrial ecosystems. It is named rangiferine brucellosis because it is maintained by reindeer and caribou; however, it is also found in muskoxen and other wildlife. Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis have been eradicated from livestock in most countries, yet are still present in cattle and small ruminants from Russia, and B. abortus in wood bison from Canada. Brucellosis is typically associated with reproductive failure and lesions in genital organs, joints, and other parts of the body. An impact on productivity and negative effects on population dynamics may occur in epizootics and enzootically infected livestock and wildlife populations. In marine ecosystems, B. ceti is mainly associated with dolphins, porpoises, and whales, and B. pinnipedialis with seals. Brucellosis in cetaceans may cause reproductive tract lesions, but a high proportion of neurobrucellosis cases associated with B. ceti are being diagnosed in stranded cetaceans. Brucellosis in wildlife and semidomesticated reindeer is an important zoonotic threat for Indigenous people around the Arctic who rely on wildlife for subsistence and cultural activities. Brucellosis continues emerging and reemerging in the Arctic and northern regions, posing a disease risk to animals and people.
... The fourth strain is the so-called "B. ceti" sequence-type (ST) 27, just reported in a few animals (Cvetnić et al. 2016;Duvnjak et al. 2017;Mackie et al. 2020;Ueno et al. 2020;Whatmore 2009;Whatmore et al. 2017). Brucella ST27 may have zoonotic relevance since strains of this ST have been found in humans with brucellosis (Sohn et al. 2003;McDonald et al. 2006); albeit, the sources of infections remain unknown. ...
A dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima stranded alive along the Central Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. The whale, handled by tourists and local inhabitants, was weak, had buoyancy difficulties, and eventually aborted and died, showing severe necrotizing placentitis and other pathological signs. Both the mother and the fetus had antibodies against Brucella lipopolysaccharide. Brucella organisms were isolated from various tissues of both animals and were characterized. The bacterium genome corresponded to sequence-type 27 (ST27) and clustered together with other Brucella ST27 isolated in humans and cetaceans.
... Most marine Brucella sp. isolates have been isolated from European and North American waters, and strains were not isolated from marine mammals in Asian or Oceanian waters until the late 2010s (2,(4)(5)(6). ...
... In 2018, B. ceti was isolated from a bottlenose dolphin with osteomyelitis in an aquarium in Japan (6). The dolphin had been captured off the Pacific coast of Japan in 2009. ...
... antibodies were detected in the dolphin serum sample collected on the day of arrival at the aquarium, the dolphin was considered to have been infected while in the ocean. The bacterium was isolated from biopsy samples from connective tissue around the infected lesion after 4 days of incubation at 37°C on tryptic soy agar supplemented with 1% glucose and 5% horse serum under ambient and 10% CO 2 -containing air conditions (6). An isolate designated BD1442 was determined to be B. ceti and was classified into sequence type 27 (ST27) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (6). ...
In 2018, Brucella ceti was isolated from a bottlenose dolphin from the western Pacific Ocean. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of the isolate BD1442 of sequence type 27, which is the only sequence type known to have been isolated from human clinical cases.
... The fourth strain is the so-called "B. ceti" sequence-type (ST) 27, just reported in a few animals (Cvetnić et al. 2016;Duvnjak et al. 2017;Mackie et al. 2020;Ueno et al. 2020;Whatmore 2009;Whatmore et al. 2017). Brucella ST27 may have zoonotic relevance since strains of this ST have been found in humans with brucellosis (Sohn et al. 2003;McDonald et al. 2006); albeit, the sources of infections remain unknown. ...
A juvenile rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) was live-stranded and rescued in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. From the results of diagnostic examinations, blood tests indicated that the dolphin was malnourished, dehydrated, and anemic. The dolphin died on sixth day of rescue despite treatment. At autopsy, 570g of foreign material, including 34 pieces of cellophanes and plastic debris (PD), were found in the forestomach. Additional gross findings, including some endoparasitism and presence of accessory spleens were also identified. This is the first case in Japan which accidental ingestion of foreign bodies, including PD, was suspected to be the cause of death in a cetacean.
The Gram‐negative bacteria Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis circulate in marine environments primarily infecting marine mammals, where they cause an often‐fatal disease named brucellosis. The increase of brucellosis among several species of cetaceans and pinnipeds, together with the report of sporadic human infections, raises concerns about the zoonotic potential of these pathogens on a large scale and may pose a threat to coastal communities worldwide. Therefore, the characterization of the B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis genetic features is a priority to better understand the pathological factors that may impact global health. Moreover, an in‐depth functional analysis of the B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis genome in the context of virulence and pathogenesis was not undertaken so far. Within this picture, here we present the comparative whole‐genome characterization of all B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis genomes available in public resources, uncovering a collection of genetic tools possessed by these aquatic bacterial species compared to their zoonotic terrestrial relatives. We show that B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis genomes display a wide host‐range infection capability and a polyphyletic phylogeny within the genus, showing a genomic structure that fits the canonical definition of closeness. Functional genome annotation led to identifying genes related to several pathways involved in mechanisms of infection, others conferring pan‐susceptibility to antimicrobials and a set of virulence genes that highlight the similarity of B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis genotypes to those of Brucella spp. displaying human‐infecting phenotypes.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are one of the most popular dolphin species housed in aquaria in Japan. Previous studies have demonstrated that respiratory infections, mainly caused by bacteria and occasionally fungi, are one of the most common diseases in this species. Both Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. are the most important species as the cause of respiratory fungal infections for this species in Japan. Since these fungi are ubiquitous in the environment surrounding dolphins and aquaria, and the spores may scatter easily in their habitats (poolside), it is very difficult to remove these fungi from their habitats. Therefore, in aquaria in Japan, preventing respiratory fungal infections and treating these infections appropriately in this species including in pregnant and lactating animals and their calves are necessary to maintain the health and number of the current population; this approach must also be applied for respiratory bacterial infections. In this review, to gain a better understanding regarding respiratory fungal infections in this species, the current status of these infections and results of clinical studies in the Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium (PNPA) are described. Moreover, future issues that have been revealed as a result of treating these infections in this species including in pregnant and lactating animals and their calves in the PNPA and that need to be solved are described.
