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Histopathologic slide of an oral squamous cell carcinoma stained submitted to silver staining (AgNOR) showing NORs (black arrow) in the cell nucleus.
Source publication
Objetivo: avaliar a atividade proliferativa celular das regioes organizadoras nucleolares (AgNORs) em uma serie de casos de carcinoma espinocelular da cavidade bucal (CECB) e correlacionar esta atividade com o grau histologico do tumor, definida pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude (OMS). Metodologia: vinte casos de CECB estudados foram obtidos a part...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the 20 OSCC cases studied, there was a predominance of male patients (n = 18) in the sixth decade of life (n = 10). The lip was the most frequently affected site (n = 6) and WHO grade I was the predominant histologic grade found (n = 10) (Tab. 1). The mean number of NORs per nucleus in the sample was 2.00 (standard deviation: 0.58) (Fig. 1). The three cases with the largest number of NORs per nucleus involved the floor of the mouth, tongue and cheek mucosa of men in their sixth and seventh decades of life. Two of these tumors presented grade II and one grade III. Pearson's correlation test showed a direct association between the number of NORs in OSCC and histologic tumor ...
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Objective
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Citations
... A statistically significant difference was found between normal epithelium and leukoplakia, between normal epithelium and SCC as well as between leukoplakia and SCC. [sup] [29] In another study by Silva et al., [sup] [30] a direct association was found between the AgNOR count in oral SCC and the histological grade of tumors. ...
... This was concurrent to previous studies conducted by Khiavi et al. and Gulia et al. [sup] [31], [32] The results for mean AgNOR counts were in discordance with previous literature whereby it has been determined that the mean AgNOR counts were supposed to be increased in higher grades of tumor as opposed to lower grades. Findings by Silva [30], [31], [33] among many others have determined a direct association between AgNOR count and histopathological grade. In our study, however, the mean count appears to have minimal variation across tumor groups. ...
Context: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consists of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in the upper aerodigestive tract and accounts for 5% of cancers worldwide. In Malaysia, cancers of the nasopharynx, larynx, tongue and oral cavity are among the top twenty most common cancers in men. Argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNORs) are increased from normal mucosa to premalignant lesions to malignant lesions and have been associated with tumor grade and prognosis of patients. Although p73 is not mutated in human cancers, high levels of p73 expression have been associated with tumor differentiation status and patient prognosis. Aims: To investigate the correlation between AgNORs and p73 immunoexpression. Settings and Design: Fifty-two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HNSCC cases and ten controls were collected from the Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Tissue blocks were sectioned, dewaxed and rehydrated before silver nitrate staining to determine the AgNOR count and immunohistochemical staining to determine the p73 expression. Adopting the scoring system used by Chen et al. for p73 staining, the proportion of positively stained cells in the whole epithelial layer was determined. Staining was considered positive if >10% of epithelial cells were stained. Statistical Analysis Used: Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated using SPSS 18 software to determine the relationship between the p73 score against tumor differentiation, mean AgNOR counts and tumor grade and between the mean AgNOR count and p73 score. Results: Positive results were found in the immunoexpression of p73. Positive results were seen with the staining of AgNOR; however, in comparison with the entire sample size, a significant correlation between mean AgNOR count and p73 immunohistochemical expression was not obtained. Conclusions: AgNOR count showed a linear and decreasing trend as the p73 score increases. This correlation was statistically insignificant.
... A statistically significant difference was found between normal epithelium and leukoplakia, between normal epithelium and SCC as well as between leukoplakia and SCC. [29] In another study by Silva et al., [30] a direct association was found between the AgNOR count in oral SCC and the histological grade of tumors. ...
... This was concurrent to previous studies conducted by Khiavi et al. and Gulia et al. [31,32] The results for mean AgNOR counts were in discordance with previous literature whereby it has been determined that the mean AgNOR counts were supposed to be increased in higher grades of tumor as opposed to lower grades. Findings by Silva et al., Moradzadeh Khiavi et al. and Xie et al. [30,31,33] among many others have determined a direct association between AgNOR count and histopathological grade. In our study, however, the mean count appears to have minimal variation across tumor groups. ...
Context: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consists of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in the upper aerodigestive tract and accounts for 5% of cancers worldwide. In Malaysia, cancers of the nasopharynx, larynx, tongue and oral cavity are among the top twenty most common cancers in men. Argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNORs) are increased from normal mucosa to premalignant lesions to malignant lesions and have been associated with tumor grade and prognosis of patients. Although p73 is not mutated in human cancers, high levels of p73 expression have been associated with tumor differentiation status and patient prognosis.
Aims: To investigate the correlation between AgNORs and p73 immunoexpression.
Settings and Design: Fifty-two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HNSCC cases and ten controls were collected from the Hospital.
Subjects and Methods: Tissue blocks were sectioned, dewaxed and rehydrated before silver nitrate staining to determine the AgNOR count and immunohistochemical staining to determine the p73 expression. Adopting the scoring system used by Chen et al. for p73 staining, the proportion of positively stained cells in the whole epithelial layer was determined. Staining was considered positive if >10% of epithelial cells were stained.
Statistical Analysis Used: Spearman?s correlation coefficient was calculated using SPSS 18 software to determine the relationship between the p73 score against tumor differentiation, mean AgNOR counts and tumor grade and between the mean AgNOR count and p73 score.
Results: Positive results were found in the immunoexpression of p73. Positive results were seen with the staining of AgNOR; however, in comparison with the entire sample size, a significant correlation between mean AgNOR count and p73 immunohistochemical expression was not obtained.
Conclusions: AgNOR count showed a linear and decreasing trend as the p73 score increases. This correlation was statistically insignificant.
... The same results have been obtained between aggressive and nonaggressive lesions 14 and also other benign and malignant lesions. 15 Silva et al 16 showed a direct association between the number of NORs in OSCC and histologic tumor grade. Ohno et al 15 reported significant differences between benign and malignant bone tumors and also between benign tumors and normal tissues. ...
Several diagnostic methods are being employed to detect benign and malignant lesions, one of which is silver nitrate staining for organizer regions. The number of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) can be used to show the degree of cell activity or metabolism in pathologic lesions. This study was designed to evaluate NORs as determi-nants of precancerous and squamous cell carcinoma.
A silver colloid technique was applied on paraffin sections of 40 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 25 cases of precancerous lesions; 15 specimens of normal epithelium were selected for the control group. After staining with silver nitrate, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted in 100 epithelial cells in three groups with the use of an oil immersion and ×1000 objective lens. One-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test were used for statistical analysis.
The mean numbers and standard deviations of AgNORs were 1.58 ± 0.76 in normal epithelium, 2.1 ± 1.05 in pre-cancerous lesions and 2.43 ±1.33 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There were statistically significant differences in Ag-NORs numbers between the groups (P<0.001) and significant differences in precancerous lesions between dysplastic and non-dysplastic epithelia (P<0.001). The mean AgNORs count per nucleus increased from healthy epithelium to precancer-ous lesion to SCC.
This study suggests that the silver staining technique for the detection of NORs (AgNOR) can be used to distinguish precancerous lesions and benign and malignant lesions.
