Figure 4 - uploaded by Mercy Okoh
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Histopathologic section of a squamous cell carcinoma showing islands of dysplastic squamous cells with keratin pearls surrounded by fibrous stroma (H and E x400).
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Abstract
Study background: In our environment, oral cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases encountered
in dental practice. It is frequently diagnosed in the late stages because most patients present late in the course
of the disease. This may be attributed to their low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, and some traditional beliefs in
alte...
Context in source publication
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India accounts for almost a third of the global burden of oral cancer, a situation worsened by the inability to afford care. When available, aid is often insufficient, and costing is based on informal estimations. This study objectively determines direct healthcare costs of oral cancer in India. The study was performed from a healthcare provider's...
Citations
... 1 It is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide and the five year survival rate is still disappointingly low. 2 It is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oral cancer comprises about 85% of all head and neck cancers 3 and accounted for 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths globally in 2020, representing an increase in new cases from 2018 (354,864 new cases, 177,384 deaths in 2018). 4 Carcinoma of the oral cavity occurring in Africans is poorly documented and most studies carried out are prevalence studies without statistics on survival rate. ...
Background: Despite recent advances in the detection and treatment of oral cancer (OC), the rate of late presentation by patients is still high. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge about the risk factors and early signs of OC among dental patients in a Nigerian secondary health facility. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study design recruited all consecutive patients at the Stella Obasanjo Hospital, Edo state, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire which was given to all participants that gave written informed consent. Data was collected and analysed Results: All the 250 respondents approached agreed to participate in the present study. The age range was 18 to 84 years with a mean age of 34.1±12.2 years. There were 71(28.4%) males and 179(71.6%) females. Only 140(56.0%) of the respondents were aware of OC and 70(50.0%) of them had the information from internet/ mass media. Only 65(25.6%) were certain that old age is a risk factor of OC. The age, gender, place of residence, level of education and occupation of the respondents did not significantly affect the level of awareness of the respondents (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge of risk factors and early signs of OC was unsatisfactory in the patients. The demographic features of the respondents were not related to the level of awareness of OC.
... Oral cancer has the lowest five-year survival rate among major cancers (including breast and colon cancers) with two-thirds of cases occurring in the developing nations majorly due to poverty, illiteracy, risky cultural beliefs, etc. [3]. Oral cancer occurs around the fifth decade of life and its occurrence is linked with some etiological/risk factors including tobacco and alcohol use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, background genetic susceptibility, environmental factors (such as excessive exposure to sunlight, industrial pollutions, etc.), poor nutritional states, amongst others [4]. ...
The burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is largely under-reported. The available data on oral cancer etiology/risk factors , clinical features, disease burden, and literacy rate in Nigeria points towards a possible explosion in prevalence in the near future, which poses a serious public health concern. The general medical and dental practitioners (GMDPs) in Nigeria can salvage this looming problem through appropriate public health and clinical interventions. This narrative review article re-emphasizes the key roles of GMDPs towards oral cancer eradication in Nigeria. It also discusses oral cancer case definition, etiology, risk factors, and the epidemiological burden in the Nigerian context .
... We also show in this study that OSCC is particularly associated with the middle-aged and the elderly especially those in their 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th decade of life regardless of histologic class. This is consistent with reports from other parts of the world [15,14,16,17] . However, in this study, fairly high figures for young adults in their 3rd and 4th decades of life (21-40 year age group) were observed, which agrees with reports from Northern Thailand and Nigeria [14,17] . ...
... This is consistent with reports from other parts of the world [15,14,16,17] . However, in this study, fairly high figures for young adults in their 3rd and 4th decades of life (21-40 year age group) were observed, which agrees with reports from Northern Thailand and Nigeria [14,17] . ...
Objective: The high morbidity rate and poor prognosis associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in developing countries is attributed to late diagnosis. In this study, we sought to determine the value of age, gender, tumor location, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CkAE1/AE3) proteins in OSCC diagnosis. Methods: Cases of OSCC at the Dental Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January 2004 and December 2015 were profiled for gender, age, tumor location and histologic class. The pattern of immunoreactivity was also determined. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patients' demographic data which were then presented as frequencies and percentages, while Pearson's χ 2 test was used to assess the association between demographic variables and OSCC. Results: Out of 1527 tumor cases accessioned 100 (6.5%) were OSCC with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Peak prevalence was observed at the 7 th decade age group. The moderately differentiated class which was observed to be associated with patients in the 1 st , 2 nd and 4 th decade age groups was the most preponderant constituting 65% of cases. The palate was the most commonly affected site. While the floor of the mouth, parotid, buccal mucosa and commissure were associated with the moderately differentiated class, the oropharynx was associated with the poorly differentiated class. Cytokeratin was expressed by all the histologic classes. However, only the poorly differentiated class failed to express EMA protein. Conclusions: In conclusion gender (P > 0.05), age (P > 0.05) and tumor location (P > 0.05) do not seem to be critical diagnostic factors associated with OSCC. However, the EMA seems to be a valuable predictive diagnostic marker for the poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma.
... We also show in this study that OSCC is particularly associated with the middle-aged and the elderly especially those in their 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th decade of life regardless of histologic class. This is consistent with reports from other parts of the world [15,14,16,17] . However, in this study, fairly high figures for young adults in their 3rd and 4th decades of life (21-40 year age group) were observed, which agrees with reports from Northern Thailand and Nigeria [14,17] . ...
... This is consistent with reports from other parts of the world [15,14,16,17] . However, in this study, fairly high figures for young adults in their 3rd and 4th decades of life (21-40 year age group) were observed, which agrees with reports from Northern Thailand and Nigeria [14,17] . ...
Objective: The high morbidity rate and poor prognosis associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in developing countries is attributed to late diagnosis. In this study, we sought to determine the value of age, gender, tumor location, immunohistochemical expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CkAE1/AE3) proteins in OSCC diagnosis. Methods: Cases of OSCC at the Dental Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January 2004 and December 2015 were profiled for gender, age, tumor location and histologic class. The pattern of immunoreactivity was also determined. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patients' demographic data which were then presented as frequencies and percentages, while Pearson's χ 2 test was used to assess the association between demographic variables and OSCC. Results: Out of 1527 tumor cases accessioned 100 (6.5%) were OSCC with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Peak prevalence was observed at the 7 th decade age group. The moderately differentiated class which was observed to be associated with patients in the 1 st , 2 nd and 4 th decade age groups was the most preponderant constituting 65% of cases. The palate was the most commonly affected site. While the floor of the mouth, parotid, buccal mucosa and commissure were associated with the moderately differentiated class, the oropharynx was associated with the poorly differentiated class. Cytokeratin was expressed by all the histologic classes. However, only the poorly differentiated class failed to express EMA protein. Conclusions: In conclusion gender (P > 0.05), age (P > 0.05) and tumor location (P > 0.05) do not seem to be critical diagnostic factors associated with OSCC. However, the EMA seems to be a valuable predictive diagnostic marker for the poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma.
... Furthermore, the majority of the studies exploring Nigerians' knowledge of HNC risk factors were done either in secondary schools or out-of-school [20][21][22][23][24]27]. Hence, there is a need to conduct a study to explore the knowledge of tertiary school students in Nigeria on HNC risk factors. ...
Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a notorious killer disease. Globally, more than 55,000 people are newly
diagnosed to have the disease. Knowledge of disease among the public goes a long way in its prevention in society.
Hence, this study aimed to explore the knowledge level of college freshmen on HNC disease and its risk factors.
Methods: This study surveyed 224 college freshmen of the Sultan Abdur-Rahaman School of Health Technology,
Gwadabawa, Sokoto State, Nigeria, on HNC disease and its risk factors, using an anonymous questionnaire. Data
collected were analyzed using the SPSS version 20 software. Results: The mean (± SD) age of the respondents was
22.04 (± 3.42) years. Only one-third (68/224, 30.4%) of the respondents were aware of HNC disease. However, amidst
other findings, less than four-tenth of these respondents, who categorically claimed awareness of HNC, actually knew
the: risk factors; commonly affected age and gender; commonly affected anatomical site and prognosis of the disease.
Conclusion: The surveyed freshmen lacked adequate knowledge of HNC disease. This reveals the urgent need to
educate them, and by extension, the entire population on HNC disease. Through effective HNC education programs,
the incidence rate of HNC can be brought down to the barest minimum, as more people will be made knowledgeable
about how they can prevent the disease from developing.
