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Histology of the middle nostril and hair-bearing surface of the muzzle in the present case (a) and the mucosal surface of the muzzle and nostrils in a normal, age-matched calf (b). a The tissue comprises normal skin structures, including nasal glands and subcutaneous connective tissues (H&E, bar = 250 μm). b Compared with the present case, the glandular lobes are larger in the middle nostril of the age-matched calf (H&E; bar = 100 μm)
Source publication
Background:
Nasal abnormalities are rare in bovines. In humans, nasal deformities are mainly classified as proboscis lateralis or supernumerary nostrils. This report discusses the etiology of triple nostrils in a calf, based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopy.
Case presentation:
A female Holstein calf presented wit...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of the nose. The excised middle nostril was fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections were cut at a thickness of 5 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histologically, the surgically removed tissue consisted of normal nostril structures, including nasal glands, skin adnexa, and a few sinus hairs (Fig. 6). However, the glandular lobes were smaller than those of a control nostril from an age-matched calf (which had died because of digestive disease); however, there was no difference between the present case and the age-matched calf with regard to tissue components and ...
Citations
... Osteolytic changes that develop simultaneously within the extended tympanic bulla are the possible cause of infectious invasion to the meninges, together with elevated middle-and inner-ear pressure [3,5]. CT can provide sections from every direction and three-dimensional images can be built up through the reconstruction of consecutive scans, as well as the basic axial sections [26,27]. This function can allow the identification of the morphological relationship between the primary and secondary lesions, and the degree of the lesion's extension, in diagnosis of various head diseases, inducing osseous abnormalities [26,27]. ...
... CT can provide sections from every direction and three-dimensional images can be built up through the reconstruction of consecutive scans, as well as the basic axial sections [26,27]. This function can allow the identification of the morphological relationship between the primary and secondary lesions, and the degree of the lesion's extension, in diagnosis of various head diseases, inducing osseous abnormalities [26,27]. As demonstrated in this study, the measurements of the length and width in the middle-ear structures can confirm the severity of the extensive and destructive changes, providing useful evidence for surgical planning [4,5]. ...
This case report describes the clinical utility of computed tomography (CT) in preoperative evaluation of otitis media in three calves, each exhibiting unilateral head tilt and ear droop. Of the three animals examined by CT, right-sided and left-sided involvements of this disease could be diagnosed in two animals and one animal, respectively, as represented by the accumulations of hyperattenuating contents within the extended tympanic bulla. These cases were treated with a ventral bulla osteotomy, which was conducted between the sternothyroid muscle and the omohyoid muscle via an incision made caudally to the area of the thyroid cartilage. The postoperative outcome was satisfactory in one case. However, the remaining two cases showed unsatisfactory outcomes; one calf died on the 10th postoperative day, as it was already seriously ill. The other animal died suddenly during surgery, potentially due to stimulation of the vagus nerve. The use of CT could allow effective visualization of unilateral lesions, proving helpful for the recommendation of surgical intervention. Based on the unfavorable results in two cases, we note that to prevent surgical complications, the clinical applicability of CT such as the creation of severity criteria and development of imaging-assist procedure should be advanced.
A female Holstein calf was presented with quadruple nostrils. In the normal nose, one of the nostrils was normal and another had an abnormal flexible structure in the upper region of the nose. The extra nose included one tube‐like structure, two accessory nostrils and narrow vestibules. Complete surgical removal was selected. Histopathologically, a normal cutaneous region of nostril structure and a small region of immature respiratory tissue were observed. The cutaneous region of the rostral portion was lined by a thick keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. At the caudal cutaneous region, the epithelium was thinner. Collagen fibres, vessels, serous glands, muscle and cartilage were seen in the submucosa. The epithelium lining the immature respiratory region was pseudostratified columnar. No recurrence or wound healing complication was observed 5 months following the surgical procedures.
