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Histology image of the healed wound with severe dermal fibrosis (F and large arrows) and interstitial lymphocytic infiltration (small arrows in the box) (Control group)
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Background
Honey, alone or in combination, has been used for wound healing since ancient times and has reemerged as a topic of interest in the last decade. Pectin has recently been investigated for its use in various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, skin protection, and scaffolding for cells. The aim of the present study was to develo...
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In a simple and instant procedure for detecting fish freshness, a hydrogel and hydrophilic pectin matrix membrane was used successfully as an optical pH sensor by immobilizing the chromoionophore ETH 5294 (CI), which is very selective and sensitive for the membrane. The Pe/CI optical pH sensor exhibited excellent linearity between pH 5 and pH 9, wi...
Citations
... Additionally, honey has anti-inflammatory properties as it obliterates the deleterious and inhibits scarring [9]. Honey contains high levels of glycine, methionine, arginine, and proline, which are essential for collagen formation and fibroblast deposition, thereby beneficial for wound repair [10]. It also promotes wound healing by stimulating tissue regeneration [9]. ...
... These phenolic compounds could function as hydrogen donors, directly combine with oxygen free radicals, scavenge oxygen free radicals, and inhibit the activity of some enzymes, thereby inhibiting the activity of oxygen free radicals. What is more, the proline, flavonoids and superoxide dismutase in honey accounts for the antioxidation of honey [9,10,12]. In the process of skin wound repair, the antioxidant activity of sericin-honey hydrogel advanced cell proliferation by reducing the oxidative stress of fibroblasts, thereby promoting the healing process. ...
Wound healing in diabetics is often impaired or delayed due to the presence of high reactive oxygen species and low antioxidant levels. Here, a sericin-honey semi-interpenetrating network hydrogel with excellent antioxidant activity was prepared. Besides, the sericin-honey hydrogel is transparent, injectable, sticky, highly porous, and has good swelling properties, antibacterial activity, and cell compatibility. Based on its good performance in vitro, sericin-honey hydrogel achieved effective in vivo treatment on a mouse diabetic wound model, significantly accelerating the wound healing process. Furthermore, the combined effect of feeding sericin solution played a positive role in strengthening the effect of diabetic wound repair.
... Their natural origin, biocompatibility, and ability to create a moist wound environment make them promising materials for promoting tissue repair and accelerating wound healing. Researchers have been exploring various formulations and applications of pectin hydrogels to enhance their effectiveness in wound management (Giusto et al., 2017). ...
Pectin hydrogels have emerged as a highly promising medium for the controlled release of pharmaceuticals in the dynamic field of drug delivery. The present review sheds light on the broad range of applications and potential of pectin-based hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations. Pectin, as a biopolymer, is a versatile candidate for various drug delivery systems because of its wide range of properties and characteristics. The information provided on formulation strategies and crosslinking techniques provides researchers with tools to improve drug entrapment and controlled release. Furthermore, this review provides a more in-depth understanding of the complex factors influencing drug release from pectin hydrogels, such as the impact of environmental conditions and drug-specific characteristics. Pectin hydrogels demonstrate adaptability across diverse domains, ranging from applications in oral and transdermal drug delivery to contributions in wound healing, tissue engineering, and ongoing clinical trials. While standardization and regulatory compliance remain significant challenges, the future of pectin hydrogels appears to be bright, opening up new possibilities for advanced drug delivery systems.
... Hydrogels cross-linked with PVP/PEG/honey have been shown to significantly accelerate dermal repair and increase re-epithelialization when used as a burn wound dressing [23]. Pectin-honey hydrogels significantly increased angiogenesis, matrix formation, granulation tissue formation, and re-epithelialization [37]. It seems that previous research supports the findings of our study. ...
The 3D polymeric network structure of hydrogels imitates the extracellular matrix, thereby facilitating cell growth and differentiation. In the current study, chitosan/hyaluronic acid/honey coacervate hydrogels were produced without any chemicals or crosslinking agents and investigated for their wound-healing abilities. Chitosan/hyaluronic acid/honey hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and rheology analysis. Moreover, their water content, water uptake capacities, and porosity were investigated. In FT-IR spectra, it was discovered that the characteristic band placement of chitosan with hyaluronic acid changed upon interacting with honey. The porosity of the honey-containing hydrogels (12%) decreased compared to those without honey (17%). Additionally, the water-uptake capacity of honey-containing hydrogels slightly decreased. Also, it was observed that hydrogels’ viscosity increased with the increased hyaluronic acid amount and decreased with the amount of honey. The adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells on the surface of hydrogel formulations were highest in honey-containing hydrogels (144%). In in vivo studies, wound healing was accelerated by honey addition. It has been demonstrated for the first time that honey-loaded chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogels, prepared without the use of toxic covalent crosslinkers, have potential for use in wound healing applications.
... Furthermore, the increase in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has led to a revaluation of the therapeutic use of ancient remedies, such as honey. Previous studies have evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Pectin-Honey Hydrogels (PHH) [20][21][22]. Honey is a component used since ancient times for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Pectin has been widely used as a scaffold for wound dressing in tissue engineering to improve wound healing, and it is biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic [20]. ...
... Honey is a component used since ancient times for its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Pectin has been widely used as a scaffold for wound dressing in tissue engineering to improve wound healing, and it is biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic [20]. PHHs are equally effective in promoting wound healing and reducing the onset of peritoneal adhesions [23]. ...
... The PHHs were prepared following the previously described method [20]. Briefly, an initial solution consisting of manuka honey (Manuka health NZ Ltd. 66 Weona Court, Te Awamutu 3800, New Zealand) and sterile deionized water in a 1:1 v/v ratio was prepared. ...
Incisional hernia is a frequent complication after abdominal surgery. A previous study on rats evaluated the use of a Pectin–Honey Hydrogel (PHH)-coated polypropylene (PP) mesh for the healing of acute hernias. However, there are no studies investigating the use of PHH in association with PP mesh in chronic contaminated hernia. The aims of this study are to assess the effectiveness of PHH in promoting abdominal hernia repaired with PP mesh and in counteracting infection. Twenty Sprague Dawley male rats were enrolled and a full thickness defect was made in the abdominal wall. The defect was repaired after 28 days using a PP mesh, and a culture medium (Tryptone Soy Broth, Oxoid) was spread onto the mesh to contaminate wounds in both groups. The rats were randomly assigned to a treated or untreated group. In the treated group, a PHH was applied on the mesh before skin closure. At euthanasia—14 days after surgery—macroscopical, microbiological and histopathological evaluations were performed, with a score attributed for signs of inflammation. An immunohistochemical investigation against COX-2 was also performed. Adhesions were more severe (p = 0.0014) and extended (p = 0.0021) in the untreated group. Bacteriological results were not significantly different between groups. Both groups showed moderate to severe values (score > 2) in terms of reparative and inflammatory reactions at histopathological levels. The use of PHH in association with PP mesh could reduce adhesion formation, extension and severity compared to PP mesh alone. No differences in terms of wound healing, contamination and grade of inflammation were reported between groups.
... 30 Furthermore, an in vivo full-thickness excisional lesion model treated with pectin hydrogels has shown the ability of this plant-based material to speed up the healing process. 33 The complex tissue healing process requires the interplay of a variety of bioactive molecules and cellular cohorts to be as much effective as possible. 36,37 Among the bioactive factors, ascorbic acid, more commonly known as vitamin C (VitC)� an acidic, water-soluble antioxidant�is a co-factor of several enzymes which humans are unable to synthesize. ...
Natural polymers from organic wastes have gained increasing attention in the biomedical field as resourceful second raw materials for the design of biomedical devices which can perform a specific bioactive function and eventually degrade without liberating toxic residues in the surroundings. In this context, patches and bandages, that need to support the skin wound healing process for a short amount of time to be then discarded, certainly constitute good candidates in our quest for a more environmentally friendly management. Here, we propose a plant-based microfibrous scaffold, loaded with vitamin C (VitC), a bioactive molecule which acts as a protecting agent against UV damages and as a wound healing promoter. Fibers were fabricated via electrospinning from various zein/pectin formulations, and subsequently cross-linked in the presence of Ca2+ to confer them a hydrogel-like behavior, which we exploited to tune both the drug release profile and the scaffold degradation. A comprehensive characterization of the physico-chemical properties of the zein/pectin/VitC scaffolds, either pristine or cross-linked, has been carried out, together with the bioactivity assessment with two representative skin cell populations (human dermal fibroblast cells and skin keratinocytes, HaCaT cells). Interestingly, col-1a gene expression of dermal fibroblasts increased after 3 days of growth in the presence of the microfiber extraction media, indicating that the released VitC was able to stimulate collagen mRNA production overtime. Antioxidant activity was analyzed on HaCaT cells via DCFH-DA assay, highlighting a fluorescence intensity decrease proportional to the amount of loaded VitC (down to 50 and 30%), confirming the protective effect of the matrices against oxidative stress. Finally, the most performing samples were selected for the in vivo test on a skin UVB-burn mouse model, where our constructs demonstrated to significantly reduce the inflammatory cytokines expression in the injured area (50% lower than the control), thus constituting a promising, environmentally sustainable alternative to skin patches.
... The wound of specific size (~2 × 2 cm) was created on the dorsal side of the rat using surgical scissors. The wound was cleaned with cotton swab soaked in 70 % alcohol [37]. Thereafter, the wound infection was produced by using E. coli bacteria. ...
The aim of present work was to synthesize and characterize carboxymethyl tamarind gum-polyvinyl alcohol (CMTG-PVA) hydrogel films using citric acid (CA) as a crosslinker. Hydrogel films were prepared by solvent casting technique. The films were evaluated for total carboxyl content (TCC), tensile strength, protein adsorption, permeability properties, hemocompatibility, swellability, moxifloxacin (MFX) loading and release, in-vivo wound healing activity and characterized using instrumental techniques. An optimal increase in amount of PVA and CA increased the TCC and tensile strength of the hydrogel films. Hydrogel films exhibited low protein adsorption and microbial permeation, good permeability to water vapour and oxygen, and sufficient hemocompatibility. The films prepared using high concentration of PVA and low concentration of CA showed good swellability in phosphate buffer and simulated wound fluids. MFX loading in the hydrogel films was found in the range of 384–440 mg/g. The hydrogel films sustained the release of MFX up to 24 h. The release followed Non-Fickian mechanism. ATR-FTIR, solid state 13C NMR and TGA analysis indicated formation of ester crosslinks. In-vivo study revealed good wound healing activity for hydrogel films. From the overall study, it can be concluded that the citric acid crosslinked CMTG-PVA hydrogel films can be effectively used for wound treatment.
... Una estrategia para la obtención de estos materiales es la formación de matrices de redes poliméricas semi-interpenetradas (semi-IPN) a base de polímeros naturales y sintéticos 9 . Los polímeros naturales como el colágeno y los polisacáridos como la pectina permiten mantener y regular la biocompatibilidad de los hidrogeles 10,11 . Mientras que los polímeros sintéticos como el poliuretano adaptan la respuesta mecánica, regulan la degradación y la capacidad de liberación de fármaco 12,13 . ...
In the present investigation, hydrogels based on collagen-polyurethane-pectin semi-interpenetrated polymeric networks (semi-IPN) were designed, with different concentrations of pectin (10-40 %m) and their effect on in vitro biocompatibility was evaluated. The pectin used in this work was enzymatically extracted from orange peels. The parameters equivalent weight, free acidity, percentage of methoxyl, degree of esteri-fication and percentage of galacturonic acid anhydride (GAA) of the pectin were determined according to the methodology proposed by Owens1. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and SEM. In addition, the degree of cross-linking, swelling, and storage modulus of the hydrogels were evaluated. The biocompatibility of the hydrogels was evaluated through cell viability assays with monocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, the hemolytic activity of the hydrogels was evaluated. High pectin concentrations decrease the swelling capacity significantly, and promote a slight improvement in crosslinking and a significant increase in the storage modulus of the semi-IPN matrix. FTIR and SEM characterization confirmed the formation of semi-interpe-netrated collagen-polyurethane-pectin networks. The formulated hydrogels do not have a cytotoxic character. The viability percentage of fibroblasts reached 75% while the viability of monocytes reached 105% for up to 48 h of incubation. The formulations containing 10 and 20 %m of pectin showed better biocompatibility in vitro, since the presence of high semi-interpenetrated granular regions in the collagen-polyurethane matrix shows an impact on cell metabolism. Paraules clau: Collagen, hydrogel, pectin, polyurethane RESUMEN En la presente investigación se diseñaron hidrogeles a base de redes poliméricas semi-interpenetradas (semi-IPN) de colágeno-poliuretano-pectina, con diferente concentración de pectina (10-40 %m) y se evaluó su efecto en la biocompatibilidad in vitro. La pectina uti-lizada en este trabajo fue extraída enzimáticamente a partir de cáscaras de naranja. Los parámetros peso equivalente, acidez libre, porcentaje de metoxilo, grado de esterificación y porcentaje de ácido anhídrido ga-lacturónico (AAG) de la pectina fueron determinados de acuerdo con la metodología propuesta por Owens 1. Los hidrogeles fueron caracterizados por FTIR y SEM. Además, se evaluó el grado de entrecruzamiento, hin-chamiento y módulo de almacenamiento de los hidro-geles. La biocompatibilidad de los hidrogeles se evaluó a través de ensayos de viabilidad celular con monocitos y fibroblastos. Además, se evaluó la actividad hemolítica de los hidrogeles. Altas concentraciones de pectina disminuyen la capacidad de hinchamiento significativa-mente, y promueven una ligera mejora de la reticulación y un incremento significativo del módulo de almace-namiento de la matriz semi-IPN. La caracterización por FTIR y SEM confirmó la formación de redes semi-interpenetradas de colágeno-poliuretano-pectina. Los hidrogeles formulados no poseen carácter citotóxico. El porcentaje de viabilidad de fibroblastos alcanzó el 75% mientras que la viabilidad de monocitos alcanzó el 105% hasta por 48 h de incubación. Las formulacio-nes que contienen 10 y 20 %m de pectina mostraron
... Una estrategia para la obtención de estos materiales es la formación de matrices de redes poliméricas semi-interpenetradas (semi-IPN) a base de polímeros naturales y sintéticos 9 . Los polímeros naturales como el colágeno y los polisacáridos como la pectina permiten mantener y regular la biocompatibilidad de los hidrogeles 10,11 . Mientras que los polímeros sintéticos como el poliuretano adaptan la respuesta mecánica, regulan la degradación y la capacidad de liberación de fármaco 12,13 . ...
En la presente investigación se diseñaron hidrogeles a base de redes poliméricas semi-interpenetradas (semi-IPN) de colágeno-poliuretano-pectina, con diferente concentración de pectina (10-40 %m) y se evaluó su efecto en la biocompatibilidad in vitro. La pectina utilizada en este trabajo fue extraída enzimáticamente a partir de cáscaras de naranja. Los parámetros peso equivalente, acidez libre, porcentaje de metoxilo, grado de esterificación y porcentaje de ácido anhídrido galacturónico (AAG) de la pectina fueron determinados de acuerdo con la metodología propuesta por Owens1. Los hidrogeles fueron caracterizados por FTIR y SEM. Además, se evaluó el grado de entrecruzamiento, hinchamiento y módulo de almacenamiento de los hidrogeles. La biocompatibilidad de los hidrogeles se evaluó a través de ensayos de viabilidad celular con monocitos y fibroblastos. Además, se evaluó la actividad hemolítica de los hidrogeles. Altas concentraciones de pectina disminuyen la capacidad de hinchamiento significativamente, y promueven una ligera mejora de la reticulación y un incremento significativo del módulo de almacenamiento de la matriz semi-IPN. La caracterización por FTIR y SEM confirmó la formación de redes semi-interpenetradas de colágeno-poliuretano-pectina. Los hidrogeles formulados no poseen carácter citotóxico. El porcentaje de viabilidad de fibroblastos alcanzó el 75% mientras que la viabilidad de monocitos alcanzó el 105% hasta por 48 h de incubación. Las formulaciones que contienen 10 y 20 %m de pectina mostraron mejor biocompatibilidad in vitro, ya que la presencia de altas regiones granulares semi-interpenetradas en la matriz colágeno-poliuretano muestran impactar en el metabolismo celular.
... Researchers have also widely used several other biomaterials, such as chitosan [366], pullulan [367], dextran [368], pectin [369], and polyaniline [370], etc., to prepare wound dressing systems. But several issues reported when converted to its nanoparticulate form, including particle aggregation [371], premature drug release [372], polymeric binding capacity [373], polymeric stability [18,374], etc., remain a concern for developing successful polymeric NPs via several technologies for sustained effect. ...
Wound healing is a complex physiological procedure that includes diverse stages, comprising hemo-stasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling to reconstruct the skin and subcutaneous tissue's integrity. As reported, various coexisting diseases (diabetes, vascular diseases, etc.) substantially impact wound healing. Factors like recurring injury, age, or hypertrophic scarring also affect wound healing. The management of wound care depends primarily on the advancement of novel and efficient wound dressing substances, and it persists to be a vivid research area in chronic wound healing. Over the past years, the investigation and advancement of wound dressing biomaterials have registered a new standard level, and superior knowledge based on chronic wound pathogenesis has been achieved. Recently, nanotechnology has presented an excellent method to accelerate acute and chronic wound healing via stimulating appropriate movement through the diverse healing stages. Among various nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) have been spotlighted as an efficient treatment strategy for wound healing due to their ability to act as both a therapeutic and carrier system. Their small size and high surface area to volume ratio enhance the probability of bio-interaction and penetration at the wound area aiding cell ecell interactions, the proliferation of cells, cell signaling, and vascularization. This review endeavored to throw light on different aspects of wounds and the latest advances in nanoparticle-based biomaterials for effective wound healing. Further, challenges and future potentialities have been addressed.
... Pectin has been exploited for its anticancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, drug carrier, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions [51]. Giusto et al., formulated an economically advantageous pectin-honey hydrogel that showed accelerated wound healing in rat models in vivo [52]. ...
Regenerative medicine is an active research sphere that focuses on the repair, regeneration, and replacement of damaged tissues and organs. A plethora of innovative wound dressings and skin substitutes have been developed to treat cutaneous wounds and are aimed at reducing the length or need for a hospital stay. The inception of biomaterials with the ability to interact with cells and direct them toward desired lineages has brought about innovative designs in wound healing and tissue engineering. This cellular engagement is achieved by cell cues that can be biochemical or biophysical in nature. In effect, these cues seep into innate repair pathways, cause downstream cell behaviours and, ultimately, lead to advantageous healing. This review will focus on biomolecules with encoded biomimetic, instructive prompts that elicit desired cellular domino effects to achieve advanced wound repair. The wound healing dressings covered in this review are based on functionalized biopolymeric materials. While both biophysical and biochemical cues are vital for advanced wound healing applications, focus will be placed on biochemical cues and in vivo or clinical trial applications. The biochemical cues aforementioned will include peptide therapy, collagen matrices, cell-based therapy, decellularized matrices, platelet-rich plasma, and biometals.
