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Histological section of the caecum showing the (a) developmental stage (schizont) of Eimeria spp. and (b) area of necrosis H&E (×40).
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The objective of the study was to identify the species, gross and histopathological lesions of Eimeria in Japanese quails in Zaria. A total of 400 fresh faecal samples were collected and 10 quail birds were purchased from a quail farm. The faecal samples were processed using simple floatation technique. Oocysts shape indices of sporulated oocysts w...
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Citations
... Concerning to histopathological technique, changes of protozoa in infested pigeons showed similar histopathological alternation in helminths infestation in addition to the presence of cecal necrosis & developmental stages of the protozoa in the intestinal epithelium in agreement with Umar et al. [51]. ...
The present study aimed to detect the intestinal parasitic worms and protozoa and their association with intestinal pathological changes among different breed pigeons at Taif governorate. Two hundred and twelve pigeons from four different breeds (Pakistani, local, French, and Harami) were collected in the period from February to June 2022. Clinical examinations of 96 out of 212 pigeons showed emaciation, dullness, greenish to white in color droppings, and diarrhea. Results have shown a higher helminthic (cestodes and nematodes) prevalence rate in Pakistani breed (54.7%), local (26.4%), French (18.9%), and the least infection was detected in Harami breed (11.3%). Three species of cestodes were identified Raillietina echinobothrida (9.9 %), R. cesticillus (3.8%), and R. tetragona (1.4%). Three species of Nematodes Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, and Capillaria spp in percentage (7.5%), (3.8%), and (1.4%), respectively, were also identified. The most common protozoa detected were Cryptosporidium spp. (8.0%), Eimeria spp. (5.2%), and Amoeba spp. (4.2%). In addition, Mixed infections were found in 23(10.8%) of all examined pigeons. Histopathological findings in the intestine associated with helminthic and protozoal infestation were necrosis, desquamation of the lining epithelium in the villus crypt and glands, villi atrophy, and inflammatory cell infiltration, especially eosinophils. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated the prevalence of helminths and protozoa in the intestine of the main pigeon breeds in Taif governorate, associated with histopathological alternation. Therefore, future studies are needed to reduce avian parasitic transmission routes to livestock and the human population at Taif governorate.
... Moreover, there was severe damage of the cecal mucosa caused by the proliferation of the parasites, meronts growth, and release of the merozoites with cystic dilation of the cecal tonsil submucosal gland (Figs. 8 & 9). Our results had a great accordance with those reported in other previous studies [2,58,59]. ...
... Розвиваючись в епітеліальних клітинах кишечнику, еймерії чинять механічну, токсичну, алергічну та інші дії на організм живителя, що призводить до порушень діяльності шлунково-кишкового каналу та морфо-функціональних змін в органах і системах організму. Еймеріози птахів активно вивчають дослідники різних країн світу [1,2,12,18]. ...
Мета. Установити патоморфологічні зміни у внутрішніх органах домашніх голубів (Columba livia domestica Linnaеus, 1758) за експериментального еймеріозу. Методи. Використано методи: клінічного спостереження, копрологічного дослідження, патологоанатомічного розтину трупів дослідних голубів, аналізу секційних досліджень, патогістологічного дослідження зразків відібраних органів (кишечнику, печінки, селезінки та бурси Фабриціуса). Піддослідних клінічно здорових голубів експериментально інвазували перорально спорульованою культурою ооцист Eimeria spp. (E. labbeana — 74,6%, E. сolumbаe — 21,9%, E. сolumbarum — 3,5%) і протягом 8-ми діб досліджували динаміку виділення ооцист методом Фюллеборна, після чого піддавали евтаназії з подальшим проведенням патоморфологічних досліджень. Результати. Отримані дані свідчать, що за експериментального еймеріозу у дорослих голубів розвиваються: помірна гіперплазія лімфоїдних вузликів ворсинок 12-палої кишки, дифузний поверхневий десквамативний дуоденоєюніт з серозним набряком і лімфоцитарною інфільтрацією кишкових ворсинок, конгестія селезінки з розвитком локального або дифузного гемосидерозу, затримка інволюційної атрофії вузликів у бурсі Фабриціуса, гіперплазія лімфоїдних вузликів печінки, розвиток помірних дегенеративних змін гепатоцитів, гемостазу у центральних і міжчасточкових венах. Висновки. У голубів за гострого експериментального еймеріозу, згідно з результатами дослідження домінували гіперпластичні процеси лімфоїдних структур, розміщених у кишкових ворсинках 12-палої кишки, у селезінці, бурсі Фабриціуса, печінці. У бурсі Фабриціуса виявлено ознаки затримки інволюційних процесів. У кишковому каналі найтяжчі патології локалізувалися у межах 12-палої та порожньої кишок.
... Coccidiosis caused by E. uzura, before sexual maturation, had short term and long term effects on reproductive development and performance [10] . Diarrhea was the only observed clinical finding, and the main manifested lesion was cecal ballooning without bloody exudate in the lumen [11] . ...
... Developmental stages of Eimeria particularly merozoites and schizonts were noticed in the intestinal epithelium. Schizonts were found in the caecum accompanied with desquamation and necrosis of epithelial lining [11] . The most common Eimeria species isolated from Japanese quails in Brazil were: E. bateri, E. uzura, E. tsunodai, and E. fluminensis [13] . ...
... Similarly, a lethargic anemic condition with anorexia was observed in Japanese quails infected by E. tsunodai [8] . Diarrhea was the only observed clinical finding, and the main manifested lesion was cecal ballooning without bloody exudate in the lumen [11] . Developmental stages and non-sporulated oocysts of Eimeria were detected in the mucosal scraping of intestines (Fig. 3). ...
This study was carried out to isolate and identify different Eimeria species of Japanese quail, and to study the clinical effect of coccidiosis on these birds. 50 dropping samples were collected from 10 Japanese quail farms in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, including the central poultry development organization. Dead birds were collected for post mortem and histopathological examinations. Some farms appeared normal, but others showed the clinical signs of coccidiosis. Dead birds in post mortem examination showed enteritis with watery mucoid contents and ballooning in the small intestine and ceca. All collected samples were Eimeria positive. Three Eimeria species were isolated; E. bateri (58%), E. uzura (86%), and E. tsunodai (42%). Three patterns of infection were observed; single infection with E. uzura (42%), single infection with E. bateri (16%), and mixed infection by the three species (42%). Results indicated that coccidiosis is one of the most predominant diseases affecting Japanese quail farms, and that effective control and management practices are required to overcome this problem.
... Natural infections with coccidiosis in Japanese quails exhibit signs of depression, anemia and blood mixed droppings (Teixeira et al., 2004;Simiyoon et al., 2018). On pathological examination, the caecum shows ballooning appearance with severe serosal and mucosal congestion and its lumen contained foul smelled necrotic materials admixed with blood (Umar et al., 2014;Anbarasi et al., 2016;Simiyoon et al., 2018). The histopathological changes revealed damage of intestinal villi and crypt epithelial cells with multiplying endogenous stages of Eimeria and a high number of oocysts (Teixeira and Lopes, 2002;Simiyoon et al., 2018). ...
... Arafat and Abbas (2018) detected that 34 out of 107 (31.78%) examined Japanese quail farms were positive for Eimeria bateri. Proper control measures should be considered in quail farms by avoiding water spillage, good stocking density, regular and hygienic disposal of litter and improving hygienic practices (Umar et al., 2014). Moreover, application of coccidiostats in the feed or coccidiocidal drugs in water is another way to control coccidiosis. ...
... It however differs from report of several species of parasite by Willaim et al., (1980), Jill et al., (1989 in their work on wild California quail. The most prevalent of the four parasite species identified from the quail in this study Eimeria sp was also reported by Umar et al., (2014) in Zaria. This might be due to improper management of litter in quail houses which provide a good environment for multiplication of Eimeria spp and acquisition of infection by the birds. ...
This study on the epidemiology of parasitic infection in commercial quail was carried out in the six south western states of Nigeria. Twenty-five commercial quail farms were sampled between the months of April to October 2014. Pooled faecal samples were collected from the quail farms and examined for gastrointestinal parasites while blood samples were collected and examined for presence of haemoparasite. On each farm visited, the farmers were interviewed to obtain vital information concerning their flock. Type of housing and the condition of the houses, the environment of the farm, presence of other birds in the farm and presence of other epidemiological factors in the farm that may support parasite development and transmission were recorded. The samples collected from each of the farm were brought to the laboratory for parasitological analysis. Out of the twenty-five farms sampled, 23 were positive for parasite infection. Four genera of parasites identified were Capillaria sp, Ascaridia galli, Heterakis sp, and Eimeria sp. 100% prevalence was recorded for farms raising the birds on deep litter and there was a significant difference compared with farms on cage system. Age, housing, management system and presence of other animals are identified as predisposing factors for parasitic infections in commercial quail. This could be as a result of exposure through litter to the infective stages or shared parasitism. It is therefore advisable to raise quail in cages to reduce the prevalence of parasitism. A follow-up after four years revealed that only 28% of the farms surveyed were still rearing quail. However, the contribution of parasitism and other factors to the failure of the farms could not be determined.
... روده ابتدایی های بخش و کوچک روده انتهایی و میانی های قسمت و ادم ،پراکنده پتشی های خونریزی ،پرخونی شامل ،بودند متمرکز بزرگ های یافته مشابه مشاهدات این که بود روده بافت داخل در انگل حضور حضور محل جهت از هم ،بلدرچین در بیامری این اخیر های گزارش در .) 21 ...
occidiosis is recognized as a serious parasitic disease in quail industry recently. But the data on occurrence, clinical
signs, species of coccidia and pathological changes in Japanese quail are rare, especially in Iran despite signifcant
improvement of commercial quail breeding in this country in recent decades. Thus, in the present paper was studied
natural infection of quail coccidiosis in three commercial rearing farms with 70-80% morbidity and 3-5% mortality
rate in Yazd province. For this purpose, fecal sample, oocyst examination and morphological study were performed
besides necropsy and histopathology to confrm diagnosis. In the affected birds, clinical signs were including brown
diarrhea, weakness, anorexia and pale face. In fecal examination using by morphometric index of oocysts, three
species of the genus Eimeria were identifed including E. uzura, E. bateri and E. tsunodai. At necropsy, the main
gross lesions were edema, congestion and small blood spots in the middle and lower parts of small intestine and upper part of large intestine. At histopathologic examination, endogenous stages of the parasites were observed in the
intestine. Also, hyperplasia of the intestinal glands, mild congestion, infltration of mononuclear cells, and edema
was observed. These results presented for the frst time in Iran which could be valuable for prevention and treatment
of quail coccidiosis.
... Studies regarding the taxonomy and parasitic biology in quails (Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel 1849) have not been coducted widely in Brazil, and the available information is based on the case reports of autopsy findings, or experimental infections (Umar et al. 2014, Bahar et al. 2014. A relevant point about these findings is the absence of clinical manifestations, few macroscopic lesions and low pathogenic cases where massive infections with Cestodas, Nematodes and protozoa pass unnoticed, leaving only direct researches on helminth and injuries during necropsies (Devada & Jathianesan 1996, Nagarajan et al. 2012. ...
The health monitoring and management systems of coturniculture can be deemed to be in a developmental phase when compared to the poultry industry. Studies regarding taxonomy and parasitic biology in quails (Coturnix japonica) has not been well conducted in Brazil. Most of the information is available from the autopsy case reports, in many ways the parasitic fauna of quails is still unknown. The aim of this study was to conduct a parasitological research in quails in order to contribute to ameliorate this situation. 31 quails, which were 12 months old, were used for the study. Their carcasses and viscera were sent to the Laboratory of Entomology and Tropical Diseases, INPA, Manaus/AM. The circulatory, nervous, respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems of these were studied separately. No blood parasites were found, however, nine species of endoparasites were registered which were distributed among the classes Cestoda, Nematoda and Protozoa. The helminths were distributed in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and oviduct. The cecum was found to be the most parasitized organ and contained a wide range of parasites having three species of protozoa and three species of nematodes. Six morphotypes of Eutrichomastix globosus were recorded, and some morphotypes were hyperparasitized with sporangia Sphaerita sp. in the cytoplasm. A large number of parasites were recorded in this study, as well as the protozoan Blastocystis hominis was first being observed for quail.
... The shape indices (length/width) of the sporulated oocysts were performed by using the previous method recorded by Harper and Penzorn (1999) for species identification. The species encountered in this study were determined by comparing the calculated oocyst shape index values with the standard diagnostic guide (Teixeira et al., 2000(Teixeira et al., , 2004Teixeira and Lopez, 2002;Berto et al., 2008Berto et al., , 2013Bashtar et al., 2010;Abdel-Hadi, 2012;Mohammad, 2012;Umar et al., 2014). ...
... This result is in coordination with previous studies recorded ( McDougald et al., 1997;Anbarasi et al., 2016), and this finding might be because of advancement of immunity in adult quail. A similar trend in the clinical signs and the postmortem lesions was detected by Umar et al. (2014) and Anbarasi et al. (2016). Subclinical coccidiosis in Japanese quail was more prominent than clinical coccidiosis, which was proven by this study. ...
... No pathognomonic lesions, such as seen in chickens infected with coccidia, have been reported in quail coccidiosis. General lesions include small blood spots in the jejunum and ileum (Teixeira et al., 2004), enteritis, a congested intestine which filled with a brownish content, and dilated ceca (Umar et al., 2014;Anbarasi et al., 2016). Concurring with Ruff et al. (1984), mild to moderate enteritis was observed in our experiment when challenging with high doses only while no lesions appeared in low-infective doses. ...
... The shape indices (length/width) of the sporulated oocysts were performed by using the previous method recorded by Harper and Penzorn (1999) for species identification. The species encountered in this study were determined by comparing the calculated oocyst shape index values with the standard diagnostic guide (Teixeira et al., 2000(Teixeira et al., , 2004Teixeira and Lopez, 2002;Berto et al., 2008Berto et al., , 2013Bashtar et al., 2010;Abdel-Hadi, 2012;Mohammad, 2012;Umar et al., 2014). ...
... This result is in coordination with previous studies recorded ( McDougald et al., 1997;Anbarasi et al., 2016), and this finding might be because of advancement of immunity in adult quail. A similar trend in the clinical signs and the postmortem lesions was detected by Umar et al. (2014) and Anbarasi et al. (2016). Subclinical coccidiosis in Japanese quail was more prominent than clinical coccidiosis, which was proven by this study. ...
... No pathognomonic lesions, such as seen in chickens infected with coccidia, have been reported in quail coccidiosis. General lesions include small blood spots in the jejunum and ileum (Teixeira et al., 2004), enteritis, a congested intestine which filled with a brownish content, and dilated ceca (Umar et al., 2014;Anbarasi et al., 2016). Concurring with Ruff et al. (1984), mild to moderate enteritis was observed in our experiment when challenging with high doses only while no lesions appeared in low-infective doses. ...
A systematic study was taken to identify the species, characterize the pathogencity and assess the immunization of Eimeria bateri in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In total, 107 Japanese quail farms were examined. The samples were processed and oocysts shape indices of sporulated oocysts were determined. Out of 107 examined farms 34 (31.78%) farms were positive. Four Eimeria spp. were morphologically identified. For characterization of the pathogencity, Japanese quails were orally inoculated with various doses of sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bateri. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, severity of diarrhea and intestinal lesion scores were examined. The birds inoculated with high doses displayed significantly lower weight gain and poorer FCR, increased mortality, more intestinal and fecal lesions scores. For determination the immunization of Japanese quails against coccidiosis. Two day old quails orally inoculated with either 100 or 1,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bateri. At 30 days of age, the immunized and non-immunized challenged birds were orally inoculated with 1 x 105 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bateri. After challenge, birds immunized with 100 or 1,000 oocysts had better weight gain and FCR and minimal diarrhea, intestinal lesion, and oocysts production compared to non-immunized challenged birds. We concluded that vaccination is a viable method for controlling coccidiosis in Japanese quails.
