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This study was conducted to detect the intestinal coccidial types in87Japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica)the birds were purchased from different parts of Nenevah governorate. The current study reveals that the total percentage of infection with Eimeria spp.oocysts 49.4%. Three species were diagnosed,according to their percentage they are:E...
Citations
... In Iraq, a number of researchers have studied the prevalence rate of many species of Eimeria in different domestic and wild animals such as sheep (Kareem & Yücel, 2015;Al-Rubaie & Al-Saadoon, 2018;and Majeed et al., 2020), goats (Al-Amery & Hasso, 2002;Al-Bakray & Daoud, 2005), cattle (Hussin, 2016;and Aram, 2020), horses (Kalef, 2015), deer (Hadi et al., 2020;Kareem & Kawan, 2020), rabbits (Faraj, 2017), as well as in birds such as chicken (Al Se´adawy, 2013;El Iraqi & Melegy, 2014;and Ahmed & AlBakri, 2021), Quail birds (Mohammad, 2012;AL-Zarkoushi & AL-Zubaidi, 2022), geese and ducks (Al-Taee, 2022), and ostriches (Makawi & Jasim, 2020) using the traditional and molecular diagnostic assays. In Iraqi buffaloes, available online studies have been carried out traditionally to detect the parasite (Obayes et al., 2016;Sabbar & Al-Amery, 2020a;and AL-Lahaibi et al., 2021); while, the only molecular one was diagnosed the genus of Eimeria (Sabbar & Al-Amery, 2020b). ...
Eimeria is a protozoan parasite of many wild and domestic animals including buffaloes resulting in a widespread disease known as coccidiosis that may impact production, well fare and health status. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of Eimeria spp. and E. bovis in buffaloes using conventional molecular technique. An overall 281 buffaloes of different sexes and ages of many rural areas in Wasit province were subjected during November (2022) to February (2023) to direct collect of fecal samples from the rectum. After molecular examination of all fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the results showed that 25.98 and 35.62% buffaloes were positive to Eimeria spp. and E. bovis, respectively. Furthermore, significant prevalence of Eimeria spp. being higher in 1 year than older ones and Al-Kut than other study region, but not between females and males; while, E. bovis was more prevalent in 1 year, Al-Kut and Al-Hay, and females. Additionally, values of odds ratio and relative risk were elevated significantly in 1 year female buffaloes of Al-Kut region. From our point of view, this represents the first molecular study identifies E. bovis in buffaloes from Iraq. In conclusion, molecular based-PCR revealed a high efficacy in identification of E. bovis, and can be used in epidemiological investigations of coccidiosis in entire country. However, we suggest that the DNA sequence variation in ITS1 region of different Eimeria species should be conducted to view genetic mutations as well as genetic association with other worldwide strains. Also, extensive investigation is necessary to bridge the knowledge gap and providing for diagnosis this parasite in buffaloes as well as in other field animals.
... Positive samples were centrifuged for 8 minutes at 13 000 g in a 15 mL tube followed by washing with distilled water. Then, the oocysts were purified by salt flotation technique as described in a previous study (25). The purified oocysts were sporulated in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution and kept at room temperature for one week. ...
... were present in 72.2% of fecal samples from migratory Japanese quails. The findings of this study are in line with those of a previous study (25), which reported the identification of E. tenella in 49.9% of Japanese quails in Mosul, Iraq. Another study also reported the presence of E. tenella in 52% of Japanese quails in Azerbaijan. ...
Introduction: Coccidiosis is a global health issue in the poultry industry. It causes serious economic losses and huge treatment costs to farmers. The current study was conducted to detect Eimeria tenella in migratory Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) in Balochistan. Methods: In this study, a total of 300 quail fecal samples were used. Quails from Zhob, Sibi, and Quetta districts were captured using nets in September 2017 and 2018. Oocysts were detected by direct microscopy in a saline solution (0.85%), which were further identified by morphology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting mitochondrial CO-1 gene. Results: Of 300 fecal samples, 218 (72.6%) were positive for oocysts. The length, width, and shape index of oocysts of E. tenella were 21.7±1.29 µm, 19.5±1.9 µm, and 1.27±0.12, respectively. The oocysts of E. tenella were further confirmed by PCR targeting mitochondrial CO-1 gene (723 bp). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the migratory Japanese quails may be infested with E. tenella, and these birds may play roles in the transmission of this protozoan to domestic poultry
... This result was higher than14.9% in the United States (Duszynski and Gutierrez 1981) and 31.5% (Abd-El-Maged 2005), 37.5% (Otify1988), and 89.8% (El-Madawy 2001) in Egypt. In the present study the prevalence of Eimeria in migratory quails was 35% this result was lower than 49.4% in Iraq (Mohammad 2012), 90% in Egypt (Otify 1988), and 100% in the USA (Ruff et al. 1985). The difference in the percentage of infection of Eimeria species in migratory quails may be due to the age of examined birds, which were collected randomly. ...
Quails have many advantages over other poultry species. Its meat has achieved great popularity as an excellent source of protein and other important nutrients. However, there are some limitations to quails production. One of them is the susceptibility to parasitic diseases that cause severe economic losses. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the infection rate and morphology of parasites infecting quails in El-Behera governorate, Egypt. 100 quails (50 migratory, Coturnix coturnix japonica and 50 domesticated quails) were collected. The gastrointestinal tracts of each bird were examined to collect helminths. Fecal materials were examined by direct and flotation methods to detect any coccidian species. The results showed that the total percentage of infection with parasites was 55%. The prevalence of parasitic infection in migratory and domesticated quails was 40% and 70%, respectively. Two species of helminths were recorded, Raillitina tetragona and Heterakis gallinarum with a prevalence of 87.5% and 22.22%, respectively. The morphology of helminths was described using a scanning electron microscope. Eimeria bateri, Eimeria tsunodai, and Eimeria uzura were among the protozoa identified. The histopathological changes in infected tissue with Eimeria species were recorded. In conclusion, this study presented the parasites' prevalence, morphology, and histopathological changes in infected tissue with Eimeria species in examined domesticated and migratory quails.
... The microscopical lesions found by some researchers were in partial accordance with our findings, they found that parasitic infestation caused by E. tsunodai led to villus erosion, hyperplasia of the crypts of Liberkuhn, granulocyte and mononuclear cell infiltration, as well as edema [56]. Also, earlier researchers studied infestations caused by three Eimeria species and reported hyperplasia of epithelial cells, constriction of intestinal gland cavities in the small intestine and caecum, edema between muscle fibers, and inflammatory cell infiltration [57]. In our study,healthy quails treated with toltrazuril (Gp 3) showedpartial desquamation of some intestinal villus tips with normal mucosal and sub mucosal tissue of the caecum and cecal tonsil (Figs. 1, 2 & 3). ...
... In Iraq, previous studies recorded a higher infection rate in males (50%) than females (48.9%) without significant difference at (P>0.05%) of coccidian infection (15,16). In contrast, another study in Iraq recorded the highest rate in males (83.01%) than females (71.61%) with significant differences at (P<0.01) (5). It can be said that these differences in the relationship of the host's sex to the parasite are relative since they vary depending on the type of host, sometimes the infection rates in males are higher than that of females, and sometimes it occurs conversely. ...
Coccidiosis is the most common and important disease of poultry resulting in great economic losses world widely. The objective of this study was to define the species of Eimeria, their prevalence, and gut histopathological lesions in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Over the period of ten months (December 2019 to September 2020), a total of 330 fresh fecal samples (201 from males and 129 from females) were collected from different marketplaces and farms in Thi-Qar province. Direct smear and flotation techniques were used to examine the presence of Eimeria oocysts in the fecal samples. The sporulated oocyst shape indices were measured microscopically. Hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Periodic-Acid Schiff stains were used to diagnose potential pathological lesions and Eimeria developmental phases within the small (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large (caeca) intestines. Four species, according to the criteria adopted, Eimeria bateri, Eimeria uzura, Eimeria tsunodai, and Eimeria fluminensis were uncovered in current study, with shape indices of 1.30, 1.36, 1.30, and 1.05, respectively. The total infection rate was 64.54%; and the morphological characteristics of the oocysts was identified. The highest infection rate was in E. bateri (41.78%), while the lowest infection rate was in E. fluminensis (7.98%). The highest prevalence rate was in March 84.84% with a significant effect at P<0.01. The sex of quail had no significant effect of the coccidiosis infection. The study revealed a destruction in the epithelium of the mucosa and submucosa of the intestine and development of the Eimeria stages, which led to malabsorption and consequently weight loss and economic losses in the quail industry.
... Eimeria tsunodai : sporulated oocyst were subspherical to ovoid, length and width range size (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) x (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) μm. S.I (1.30), has a double wall and polar granule present with the micropyle absent, sporocyst ovoidal to ellipsoidal, It has stieda body triangular-nipple like (fainted) Figure (2). ...
... Difference in the Eimeria infection rates could be attributed to number of samples, the density of the birds, type of rearing of the birds such as (Over crowding) may increase the Eimeria infection rate to environmental condition (temperature and humidity) and program used for coccidiosis controland resistance against certain anticoccidial drugs and Mismanagement as well as adult birds are resistant to the parasite (Nematollahi et al., 2008). Eimeria species diagnosis by morphological characteristics was in agreement with many researchers (Teixeira et al., 2004;Bashtar et al., 2010;Mohammad, 2012;Arafat and Abbas, 2018). Sporulation times vary according to the laboratory conditions, Number of oocysts in the sample and the oxygen percentage (Abd-Al-Aal, 2000). ...
Coccidiosis is a common disease in poultry and causes high pathological and economic losses especially in young birds. This study was in five regions in Thi Qar province, Iraq. Where he collected (330) samples for three seasons (winter, spring and summer). The total infection rate was 64.54% highest rate of infection during the spring of 75.75% with a significant difference at (P≤0.01). Area of Nasiriyah recorded a higher infection rate of 72.72%, with a significant difference from other study areas. In study diagnosis two types of Eimeria (E. bateri and E. tsunodai) rates of infection were (59.62%, 40.37%) respectively, The time of sporulation was recorded within (48-72 hours). Pathological tissue sections revealed clear changes to the cecum and the presence of different stages of the parasite.
... Розвиваючись в епітеліальних клітинах кишечнику, еймерії чинять механічну, токсичну, алергічну та інші дії на організм живителя, що призводить до порушень діяльності шлунково-кишкового каналу та морфо-функціональних змін в органах і системах організму. Еймеріози птахів активно вивчають дослідники різних країн світу [1,2,12,18]. ...
... Однак більшість авторів за патоморфологічних досліджень еймеріозу голубів основну увагу приділяють дослідженню змін в ентеральних структурах (основній ділянці локалізації еймерій в організмі живителя) і значно менше -дослідженням патологій інших органів або досліджують їх фрагментарно [1,4,19,20]. Відомо, що у захисті організму птахів від інвазування еймеріями важливу роль відіграє природ жений та набутий імунітет і рівень морфофункціонального стану лімфоїдних органів і структур [21 -23]. ...
Мета. Установити патоморфологічні зміни у внутрішніх органах домашніх голубів (Columba livia domestica Linnaеus, 1758) за експериментального еймеріозу. Методи. Використано методи: клінічного спостереження, копрологічного дослідження, патологоанатомічного розтину трупів дослідних голубів, аналізу секційних досліджень, патогістологічного дослідження зразків відібраних органів (кишечнику, печінки, селезінки та бурси Фабриціуса). Піддослідних клінічно здорових голубів експериментально інвазували перорально спорульованою культурою ооцист Eimeria spp. (E. labbeana — 74,6%, E. сolumbаe — 21,9%, E. сolumbarum — 3,5%) і протягом 8-ми діб досліджували динаміку виділення ооцист методом Фюллеборна, після чого піддавали евтаназії з подальшим проведенням патоморфологічних досліджень. Результати. Отримані дані свідчать, що за експериментального еймеріозу у дорослих голубів розвиваються: помірна гіперплазія лімфоїдних вузликів ворсинок 12-палої кишки, дифузний поверхневий десквамативний дуоденоєюніт з серозним набряком і лімфоцитарною інфільтрацією кишкових ворсинок, конгестія селезінки з розвитком локального або дифузного гемосидерозу, затримка інволюційної атрофії вузликів у бурсі Фабриціуса, гіперплазія лімфоїдних вузликів печінки, розвиток помірних дегенеративних змін гепатоцитів, гемостазу у центральних і міжчасточкових венах. Висновки. У голубів за гострого експериментального еймеріозу, згідно з результатами дослідження домінували гіперпластичні процеси лімфоїдних структур, розміщених у кишкових ворсинках 12-палої кишки, у селезінці, бурсі Фабриціуса, печінці. У бурсі Фабриціуса виявлено ознаки затримки інволюційних процесів. У кишковому каналі найтяжчі патології локалізувалися у межах 12-палої та порожньої кишок.
... In Iraq, previous studies recorded a higher infection rate in males (50%) than females (48.9%) without significant difference at (P>0.05%) of coccidian infection (15,16). In contrast, another study in Iraq recorded the highest rate in males (83.01%) than females (71.61%) with significant differences at (P<0.01) (5). It can be said that these differences in the relationship of the host's sex to the parasite are relative since they vary depending on the type of host, sometimes the infection rates in males are higher than that of females, and sometimes it occurs conversely. ...
Coccidiosis is the most common and important disease of poultry resulting in great economic losses world widely. This objective of this study was to determine the species of Eimeria, their prevalence, and gut histopathological lesions in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. Over the period of ten months (December 2019 to September 2020), a total of 330 fresh fecal samples (201 from males and 129 from females) were collected from different marketplaces and farms in Thi-Qar province. Direct smear and flotation techniques were used to examine the presence of Eimeria oocysts in the fecal samples. The sporulated oocyst shape indices were determined microscopically. Hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Periodic-Acid Schiff stains, were used to document potential pathological lesions and Eimeria developmental phases within the small (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large (caeca) intestines. Four species, according to the criteria adopted, Eimeria bateri, Eimeria uzura, Eimeria tsunodai, and Eimeria fluminensis were uncovered in current study, with shape indices of 1.30, 1.36, 1.30, and 1.05, respectively. The total infection rate was 64.54%; and the morphological characteristics of the oocysts was identified. The highest infection rate was in E. bateri (41.78%), while the lowest infection rate was in E. fluminensis (7.98%). The highest prevalence rate was in March 84.84% with a significant effect at (P≤0.01). The sex of quail had no significant effect of the coccidiosis infection. The study revealed a destruction in the epithelium of the mucosa and submucosa of the intestine and development of the Eimeria stages, which led to malabsorption and consequently weight loss and economic losses in the quail industry.
... Three Eimeria species were isolated from mosul, Iraq; E. tsunodai (44.8%), E. uzura (34.5%), and E. bateri (24.1%) [16] . Four Eimeria species were recorded in Baghdad; E. bateri (66.11%), ...
... These species are very common in Japanese quail farms worldwide, and they were isolated and described with similar morphological characters in previous studies [2,3,16,28] . ...
This study was carried out to isolate and identify different Eimeria species of Japanese quail, and to study the clinical effect of coccidiosis on these birds. 50 dropping samples were collected from 10 Japanese quail farms in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, including the central poultry development organization. Dead birds were collected for post mortem and histopathological examinations. Some farms appeared normal, but others showed the clinical signs of coccidiosis. Dead birds in post mortem examination showed enteritis with watery mucoid contents and ballooning in the small intestine and ceca. All collected samples were Eimeria positive. Three Eimeria species were isolated; E. bateri (58%), E. uzura (86%), and E. tsunodai (42%). Three patterns of infection were observed; single infection with E. uzura (42%), single infection with E. bateri (16%), and mixed infection by the three species (42%). Results indicated that coccidiosis is one of the most predominant diseases affecting Japanese quail farms, and that effective control and management practices are required to overcome this problem.
... According to Teixeira et al. (2004) and Mohammad (2012), four species of Eimeria can be found in quails; E. tsunodai Tsutsumi, 1972, E. uzura Tsunoda et Muraki, 1971, E. bateri Bhatia, Pandey et Pande, 1965and E. fluminensis Teixeira et Lopes, 2002. Based on the specificity of the development site of Eimeria in quails, cecal infection can be associated with E. tsunodai, since, according to Tsutsumi (1972), Gesek et al. (2014) this species has almost exclusive development in the cecum, whereas E. bateri, and E. uzura preferably inhabit portions of the duodenum and jejunum respectively (Teixeira et al. 2004, Gesek et al. 2014. ...
The health monitoring and management systems of coturniculture can be deemed to be in a developmental phase when compared to the poultry industry. Studies regarding taxonomy and parasitic biology in quails (Coturnix japonica) has not been well conducted in Brazil. Most of the information is available from the autopsy case reports, in many ways the parasitic fauna of quails is still unknown. The aim of this study was to conduct a parasitological research in quails in order to contribute to ameliorate this situation. 31 quails, which were 12 months old, were used for the study. Their carcasses and viscera were sent to the Laboratory of Entomology and Tropical Diseases, INPA, Manaus/AM. The circulatory, nervous, respiratory, digestive and reproductive systems of these were studied separately. No blood parasites were found, however, nine species of endoparasites were registered which were distributed among the classes Cestoda, Nematoda and Protozoa. The helminths were distributed in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and oviduct. The cecum was found to be the most parasitized organ and contained a wide range of parasites having three species of protozoa and three species of nematodes. Six morphotypes of Eutrichomastix globosus were recorded, and some morphotypes were hyperparasitized with sporangia Sphaerita sp. in the cytoplasm. A large number of parasites were recorded in this study, as well as the protozoan Blastocystis hominis was first being observed for quail.
