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Histologic features of squamous papilloma. a The exophytic nature is appreciated at low power. A stalk connects the lesional proliferation to the underlying normal tissues. b Medium power shows fronds comprising loose vascular connective tissue and surfaced by bland epithelium. c Normal epithelial maturation with a few scattered mitotic figures is apparent at high power
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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative of a group of clinically papillary lesions. The HPV-related lesions of the oral cavity include squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia. Benign entities, such as verruciform xanthoma or giant cell fibroma, as well as malignancies, such as papillary...
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Background:
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are slow-growing, benign developmental cysts that arise from ectodermal tissue and can occur anywhere in the body. Less than 7% of these cysts involve the head and neck region, with only 1.6% of cases presenting in the oral cavity. To evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of dermoid (DCs) and...
Citations
... El papiloma oral de células escamosas (PCE) es definido como una proliferación exofítica localizada, caracterizada por proyecciones de apariencia "verrugosa" o similares a una "coliflor"; su coloración varía del blanco al rosado/rojizo dependiendo del nivel de vascularización y queratinización (Zahid et al.,2022;Betz, 2019;Andrei et al., 2022). Comúnmente aparece como una lesión solitaria que puede alcanzar un máximo de 1 cm de diámetro, aunque rara vez sobrepasa los 5 mm (Zahid et al.,2022;Betz, 2019). ...
... El papiloma oral de células escamosas (PCE) es definido como una proliferación exofítica localizada, caracterizada por proyecciones de apariencia "verrugosa" o similares a una "coliflor"; su coloración varía del blanco al rosado/rojizo dependiendo del nivel de vascularización y queratinización (Zahid et al.,2022;Betz, 2019;Andrei et al., 2022). Comúnmente aparece como una lesión solitaria que puede alcanzar un máximo de 1 cm de diámetro, aunque rara vez sobrepasa los 5 mm (Zahid et al.,2022;Betz, 2019). La etiología del papiloma oral de células escamosas se atribuye principalmente al Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH), especialmente a los subtipos 6 (VPH-6) y 11 (VPH-11), considerados subtipos de bajo riesgo, por lo que el PCE forma parte de las lesiones epiteliales benignas de la cavidad oral asociadas al VPH; de igual forma, se establece que la transmisión del VPH en adultos generalmente sucede en su mayoría por contacto íntimo sexual, aunque también puede transmitirse por entrar en contacto directo con lesiones, contaminación por instrumentos médicos infectados, o de madre a hijo durante el parto. ...
... La etiología del papiloma oral de células escamosas se atribuye principalmente al Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH), especialmente a los subtipos 6 (VPH-6) y 11 (VPH-11), considerados subtipos de bajo riesgo, por lo que el PCE forma parte de las lesiones epiteliales benignas de la cavidad oral asociadas al VPH; de igual forma, se establece que la transmisión del VPH en adultos generalmente sucede en su mayoría por contacto íntimo sexual, aunque también puede transmitirse por entrar en contacto directo con lesiones, contaminación por instrumentos médicos infectados, o de madre a hijo durante el parto. (Betz, 2019;Orrù et al., 2019;Fiorillo et al., 2021;Ghassan, 2023;Syrjänen et al., 2018). La ubicación topográfica común del PCE incluye paladar, lengua, labios y encías; sin embargo, cualquier sitio de la boca puede verse afectado (Zahid et al.,2022;Betz, 2019;Andrei et al., 2022;Fiorillo et al., 2021;Toledano et al., 2019;Orenuga et al., 2018;Araújo et al., 2019;Babaji et al., 2014;Vanishree et al., 2022;Chaitanya et al., 2018;Di Spirito et al., 2023). ...
El papiloma oral de células escamosas es una proliferación exofítica localizada, de apariencia verrugosa o similar a una coliflor, asintomática y de crecimiento lento. Es la lesión benigna más común del epitelio oral, no tiene predilección por el sexo y comúnmente se presenta entre la tercera y quinta décadas de vida, aunque en ocasiones aparece en niños; frecuentemente se ubica en el paladar, lengua, labios o encías. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación quirúrgica total de la lesión, no obstante, existen otras modalidades de tratamiento, la lesión no suele ser recurrente y el riesgo de transformarse en una lesión maligna es bajo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los puntos claves como características clínicas e histopatológicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y recurrencia, y presentar un caso clínico de un papiloma oral de células escamosas ubicado en la papila interincisiva.
... Differently from uterine cervix cancer, HPV is involved in a small percentage of oral cancers [9,10]; instead, the main percentage of oral cancers are normally associated with smoking and alcohol abuse [11]; other suggested causes are related to the persistent traumas of lesions [12,13] and poor dental care [14]. The oral premalignant lesions caused by HPV infections include the following: verruca vulgaris (common wart) (VV), squamous papilloma (SP), condyloma acuminatum (CA), and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MEH) [15]. Other oral lesions have been associated with HPV infection too, including erythroplakia (HPV-16), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (HPV-16), candidal leukoplakia, oral squamous cell carcinoma (HPV- [16][17][18][19] and lichen planus (HPV-6, HPV-11 and HPV-16). ...
... HPV13 and 32. [15,58] 34]. The transmission from mother to child can occur not only by the birth canal but also through the placenta or amniotic fluid [35][36][37][38]. ...
... The HPV infection of oral mucosa may cause the following benign lesions: squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia [15]. These lesions have common histologic and clinical features with each other and with other diseases of inflammatory or malignant origin [53]. ...
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the cervix and head and neck. Manifestations of HPV infections can be manifold, ranging from asymptomatic infections to benign or potentially malignant lesions to intraepithelial neoplasms and invasive carcinomas. The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations from HPV infection depends on the interactions between the viral agent and the host, a direct consequence of the ability on the part of HPV is to remain silent and to evade and convey the action of the host immune system. The oral mucosa represents one of the tissues for which HPV has a distinct tropism and is frequently affected by infection. While much information is available on the role that HPV infection plays in the development of SCC in the oral cavity, there is less information on asymptomatic infections and benign HPV-induced oral lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to analyze, in light of current knowledge, the early clinical and bio-humoral prognostic features related to the risk of HPV malignant transformation, focusing on subclinical conditions, benign lesions, and the correlation between oral infection and infection in other districts. The data show that the main risk associated with HPV infection is related to malignant transformation of lesions. Although HPV-driven OPSCC is associated with a better prognosis than non-HPV-driven OPSCC, primary prevention and early detection of the infection and affected genotype are essential to reduce the risk of malignant neoplastic complications and improve the prognosis.
... Viruses are also associated with periodontitis along with bacteria [29]. HPV is associated with some oral disorders, including condylomas, papillomas, epithelial hyperplasia and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [30]. ...
In recent years, salivary metabolome studies have provided new biological information and salivary biomarkers to diagnose different diseases at early stages. The saliva in the oral cavity is influenced by many factors that are reflected in the salivary metabolite profile. Oral microbes can alter the salivary metabolite profile and may express oral inflammation or oral diseases. The released microbial metabolites in the saliva represent the altered biochemical pathways in the oral cavity. This review highlights the oral microbial profile and microbial metabolites released in saliva and its use as a diagnostic biofluid for different oral diseases. The importance of salivary metabolites produced by oral microbes as risk factors for oral diseases and their possible relationship in oral carcinogenesis is discussed.
... We identified a novel papillomavirus, the first described in fur seals, and the first report of oral papilloma-like lesions in this host group. Microscopic examination of the oral lesions revealed substantial epithelial cellular atypia and the presence of koilocytes consistent with the cytopathic effects associated with papillomaviruses in humans and other animals 19,20 . Although such lesions are often of limited clinical significance-as observed in this case study where the lesions self-resolved-there is potential for these plaques to progress into invasive squamous cell carcinomas 21 . ...
Despite being the predominant seal species in the Australian-New Zealand region and serving as a key indicator of marine environmental health, little is known about infectious diseases in New Zealand fur seals (Long-nosed fur seal; Arctocephalus forsteri ). Several papillomaviruses have been identified in earless seals and sea lions, with the latter linked to cutaneous plaques and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. To date, no papillomaviruses have been reported in fur seals. We used traditional veterinary diagnostic techniques and metatranscriptomic sequencing of tissue samples to investigate the virome of New Zealand fur seals. We identified a novel papillomavirus, provisionally termed A. forsteri papillomavirus 1 (AforPV1) in an animal with clinically and histologically identified oral papilloma-like lesions. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of AforPV1 only in oral papilloma samples from the affected individual. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete 7926 bp genome of AforPV1 revealed that it grouped with taupapillomaviruses found in related Carnivora species. These findings highlight the need for further research into the disease associations and impact of undiagnosed and novel viruses on New Zealand fur seals.
... Oral condyloma acuminata may also be caused by autoinoculation from cutaneous lesions, kissing, or bathing. [2] Both conservative and surgical treatment methods are mentioned among the possible therapeutic options. Physicianadministered treatment is preferred due to the location of the lesions; self-application of medication can be challenging for the patient. ...
Introduction and purpose: Condyloma acuminata, a benign manifestation of HPV infection, is a common sexually transmitted disease. Condyloma acuminata most commonly affects the anogenital area, but can also occur in the oral cavity. Macroscopically the lesions present as raised, fleshy papules, sometimes flat and broad, pedicled or cauliflower-like. Generally, the lesions are multiple, and as they grow, tend to coalesce into larger ones. Due to the lack of symptoms, condyloma acuminata are often found incidentally during routine medical appointments, e.g. in gynecologist’s offices. Additional symptoms and signs are pain, minor bleeding and pruritus. Patients suffering from condyloma acuminata are often in psychological and psychosexual distress. This work aims to provide a summary of the currently available treatment options based on scientific reports to date. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Among the factors that increase the risk of the HPV infection are age, lifestyle, promiscuity, smoking, HIV infection, a history of chlamydia or gonorrhea infections. To date, no treatment algorithm has been developed for condyloma acuminata. Two vaccines are on offer as primary prevention, Gardasil and Cervarix. The available treatment options are divided into two main groups: patient-administered and physician administered. Surgical methods have the highest therapeutic efficacy. Condyloma acuminata has a high recurrence rate. Usually, a multi-session combination treatment is needed to reach total remission. Summary (conclusions): The treatment of condyloma acuminata includes personalized targets due to their diverse clinical picture and the limitations of certain patient groups. The available treatment options do not exhaust the needs of patients suffering from condyloma acuminata. Further research into the effectiveness of specific treatments is advisable.
... Microscopicamente, tem-se uma proliferação benigna de epitélio escamoso estratificado, com presença de acantose, queratose moderada, projeções papilares na superfície do estrato espinhoso e coilócitos na camada espinhosa superior (Betz, 2019;Véjar et. al., 2020). ...
... As análises identificaram (6) O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é a infecção viral sexualmente transmissível mais prevalente no mundo (Prabhu & Wilson, 2013;Dunne & Park 2013). Os HPVs são divididos em três grupos: α (o grupo maior), os quais infectam principalmente o epitélio da mucosa, e β e γ, tendo como sítio mais prevalente o epitélio cutâneo (Betz, 2019). A presença do papilomavírus humano na mucosa oral está intimamente associada a uma série de lesões orais papilomatosas benignas: ...
O condiloma acuminado oral representa uma manifestação causada pelo papilomavírus humano (subtipos 6 e 11, especificamente), clinicamente manifestados como formações papulares ou verrucosas, sendo assintomáticas, transmitidas por vias sexual, orogenital ou por autoinoculação. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura com abordagem analítica e retrospectiva com seleção de casos clínicos e pesquisas sobre condiloma acuminado em mucosa oral de crianças, através de um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Pubmed, Web of Science, BVS, Google Scholar, Proquest e Sciencedirect, utilizando descritores como "Oral Condyloma acuminatum", "Child abuse" e "Condyloma acuminatum" com o operador booleano AND, no período de 2013-2023. A seleção resultou em um total de 18 estudos, após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Cerca de 10% a 90% dos casos de condiloma acuminado em crianças estão associados a abusos sexuais. As lesões tendem a se manifestar na mucosa oral, gengiva, assoalho da boca, amígdalas e palato, sendo mais comuns no gênero feminino. O diagnóstico é baseado no exame clínico, aspecto histológico e hibridização. O tratamento pode envolver remoção cirúrgica por bisturi, laser, crioterapia e aplicação de agentes tópicos como imiquimod ou podofilotoxina. Portanto, ressalta-se a importância do cirurgião-dentista na análise de achados clínicos e histopatológicos em lesões de mucosa oral.
... A group of HPV are causative of papillary lesions, clinically presenting an intensely erythematous mucosa with papillomatous, cobblestone, nodular, or velvety surface changes. [3] Symptoms might include dysphagia, oral pain, sore throat, and pharyngitis. [4] Only close communication between specialists in several disciplines can differentiate the PCM from other neoplastic conditions. ...
... [4] No evidence of malignant transformation of such lesions has been reported in literatures previously and thus its considered to be a benign condition of adults. Clinically it presents as an intensely erythematous mucosa with papillomatous, nodular, cobblestone or velvety changes on the mucosal surface [3] . In the present case it presented as exophytic papillomatous growth which was histopathologically characterized as pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia and surface keratinization which was thought to be associated with HPV virus infection. ...
Plasmacytosis is a condition of increased number of plasma cells in tissues, exudate or blood as a defence mechanism. Transient immune reactions in any infection or autoimmune disorder may present as reactive plasmacytosis that might rarely also manifest as plasma cell mucositis. Reactive plasmacytosis has been reported in several viral infections and has been found to completely disappear within 2 weeks. Complete clinical evaluation, individualised investigation and more specific tests are required to rule out these oral manifestations. Thus, we hereby present an extremely rare condition wherein Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) led to reactive plasmacytosis.
... It is a small virus, 55 nm in diameter, without an envelope, with 72 capsomers in a capsid with icosahedral symmetry, formed of non-enveloped, double-stranded circular DNA made up of approximately 7200 to 8000 base pairs. HPV presents a high degree of tropism for epithelial and mucosal tissue, seeing the viruses are found in lesions of the oral and nasal cavity, connective tissue, paranasal sinuses, larynx, tracheobronchial mucosa, esophagus, ureter, anogenital tract, and skin [1][2][3][4][5]. ...
... Infections caused by HPV are generally of the exophytic growth type and proliferate in papillary projections. They may be pediculated or sessile, presenting as multiple, small, reddened, pinky or whitened nodules that increase over the course of time, and are frequently confluent, normally shown by their "cauliflower" aspect [1,9,[12][13][14][15][16][17]. ...
... The human papilloma virus (HPV) are viruses capable of producing skin and mucosal lesions, and the main means of contagion continues to be the sexual pathway. It is also possible to become infected through blood, the vaginal opening, kissing, objects of personal use, or any other infected objects [1][2][3][4][5]. ...
The prevalence of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in the oral cavity and oropharynx has not been well elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to correlate the concomitance of prevalence of HPV in genitalia of men and women with or without HIV/Aids, having manifestations in the oral cavity. Dentist’s (DS) attention is justified by the increase in Condylomata acuminatum in the oral cavity and the possible correlation of manifestations in patients´ genitalia. When associated with seropositivity for HIV/Aids, it becomes an important cofactor increasing the possibility of manifestations of the disease in view of the diminished immunity of these patients. The prevalence and concomitance of the percentage of C. acuminatum lesions in genitalia were correlated with those in the oral cavity by using the following variables: gender, age, skin color, category of exposure, habits, general and oral diseases, presence or absence of xerostomia, T-CD4 lymphocytes, and viral load. The results showed the prevalence of 7 (17.95%) for those who presented concomitant genital/oral lesions. Both the experience and results must become public, aiming to disseminate knowledge about the degree of complexity of the epidemic and need for preventive measures to ameliorate propagation of the disease in the population.
... O papillomavirus Humano (HPV) é um vírus de DNA da família Papillomaviridae que pode infectar diversos animais, e em humanos está ligado a patogênese de diferentes lesões de pele e de mucosa (Orrù et al.,2019). Essas lesões da cavidade bucal têm caráter clínico papilar, as principais que estão relacionadas ao HPV são o papiloma escamoso, condiloma acuminado, verruga vulgar e hiperplasia epitelial multifocal (Betz, 2019) Dentre essas, as mais frequentes são o papiloma escamoso e o condiloma accuminata que estão relacionados com o HPV-6 e HPV-11 (Orrù et al.,2019). O papiloma escamoso oral se manifesta como uma massa exofítica papilar ou verrucosa e benigna ocorrendo com mais frequência no palato mole e língua (Orenuga et al.,2018). ...
O papilomavírus humanos (HPV) pode infectar diversos animais, e em humanos tem relação com lesões em pele e mucosas, como o papiloma escamoso, condiloma acuminado, verruga vulgar e hiperplasia epitelial multifocal. Na cavidade bucal o papiloma escamoso é uma das principais manifestações encontradas. Essa lesão tem característica de um crescimento exofítico, assintomático e benigno comumente encontrado em língua e palato. Desta forma, a identificação e diagnósticos de manifestações bucais é um desafio para os clínicos gerais. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico de papiloma escamoso oral, com características histopatológicas e macroscópicas importantes para os diagnósticos e tratamento. Sendo assim, foi realizado uma biópsia excisional e análise histopatológica. Com base no relato e na discussão do caso, é possível inferir que as características clinicas e laboratoriais encontradas são semelhantes à de uma lesão de papiloma escamoso, no entanto a existência de outras lesões com aspectos semelhantes tanto macro como microscopicamente dificulta a possibilidade de definir um diagnóstico. Sendo assim, o presente relato contribui para comunidade científica com o conhecimento das principais características clínicas histopatológicas da lesão e permitindo um melhor diagnóstico e tratamento dessa patologia.
... Benign HPV-related lesions of the oral cavity comprise squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, condyloma acuminatum and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia, all of which appear clinically as solitary or multiple papillary lesions [16,17]. Interestingly, HPV-OED usually appear as flat or slightly elevated white plaques, indistinguishable from conventional leukoplakias, but may occasionally mimic benign HPV-related oral lesions, showing papillary, verrucous or cobblestone surface [2,5], a feature observed in 60% of the present cases. ...
Human papillomavirus-associated oral epithelial dysplasia (HPV-OED) is a distinct oral epithelial disorder characterized by viral cytopathic changes caused by transcriptionally active high-risk HPV. The aim of the present study was to report 5 additional cases from Latin America.
Clinical data from five patients with HPV-OED were obtained from the archives of three oral pathology services from Brazil and Chile. All cases were submitted to morphological, p16 expression and in situ hybridization (ISH) for HPV analyses.
Four patients were male and one patient was female, with a mean age of 55.4 years. Four patients were HIV seropositive and two were smokers. Three cases affected the buccal mucosa and commissure, one of which had an additional plaque in the soft palate, and one case each occurred on the floor of mouth and lower labial mucosa. Most cases presented as well-demarcated white plaques with a verrucous surface. One case presented multiple lesions ranging from normal to white-colored slightly elevated plaques with a cobblestone surface. Peripheral mucosal pigmentation was observed in two cases. All five cases presented with the characteristic microscopic features of HPV-OED, including severe dysplasia with numerous karyorrhectic and apoptotic cells, full-thickness “block positivity” for p16 and high Ki-67 index (> 90%) sharply demarcated from the adjacent non-dysplastic epithelium. Wide-spectrum DNA ISH–HPV was positive in 4 cases. All patients were treated with conservative surgical excision with no signs of recurrence after a mean of 39-month follow-up.
This represents the first series of HPV-OED from Latin America; most cases presented as well-demarcated papillary white plaques affecting the buccal mucosa and commissure of HIV-positive middle-aged men, two of them exhibiting peripheral pigmentation caused by reactive melanocytes. The typical microscopic findings of HPV-OED were observed in all cases, which also showed strong p16 positivity in a continuous band through the full thickness of the epithelium and high Ki67.
