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Histologic analysis of hair follicle growth in C57BL/6 mice. Skin samples were fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. a Hairs in the negative control group on day 25 were in the early anagen phase (hair bulb in the dermis). In contrast, the hair follicles in the experimental groups and in the finasteride group were at least in the anagen IIIc-IV phase, showing maximal size of hair bulb, hair follicle deep in the subcutis, and newly formed hair shaft reaching the level just below the sebaceous gland. The higher dose (400 mg/kg) used in the experimental group resulted in deeper hair bulb and larger hair follicle than observed in the low dose (200 mg/kg) group. (×100 objective magnification, scale bar = 100 μm). b The hair follicle counts in deep subcutis and the diameter of hair follicles. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. **p < 0.001 compared with negative control, *p < 0.05 herbal complex 200 mg/kg vs. 400 mg/kg group. Herbal complex = Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta, and Green tea. SG, sebaceous gland; HS, hair shaft
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Background
Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HC) is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in Asia for the treatment of patients with alopecia, usually in combination with other two herbal medicines (Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFVA) and green tea (GT)). However, the effect of this herbal complex has not been clearly demonstrated. We sought to determ...
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Citations
... Thus, such combination of follicular melanogenesis and follicular cyclic changes leads to characteristic changes in skin pigmentation during anagen development. Therefore, C57BL/6 mice are the most commonly used model for hair growth studies (Chung et al. 2017). ...
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents one of the most severe side effects of chemotherapy, which forces some patients to reject cancer treatment. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of CIA are not clearly understood, which makes it difficult to discover efficient preventive or therapeutic procedures for this adverse effect. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a strong antioxidant activity as it stimulates glutathione synthesis and acts as an oxygen radical scavenger. The current study tried to investigate the efficacy of NAC in preserving biochemical parameters and hair follicle structure against cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. In total, 40 adult female C57BL/6 mice were induced to enter anagen by depilation (day 0) and divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (CYP) received a single dose of CYP [150 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)/intraperitoneal injection (IP)] at day 9, group III (CYP & NAC) received a single dose of CYP at day 9 as well as NAC (500 mg/kg B.W./day/IP) from day 6–16, and group IV (NAC) received NAC from day 6–16. CYP administration in group II induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), histological hair follicle dystrophy, disruption of follicular melanogenesis, overexpression of p53, and loss of ki67 immunoreactivity. NAC coadministration in group III reversed CYP-induced alterations in the biochemical parameters and preserved hair follicle structure, typical follicular melanin distribution as well as normal pattern of p53 and ki67 expression. These findings indicated that NAC could be used as an efficient and safe therapeutic option for hair loss induced by chemotherapy.
... The experimental groups consisted of negative control (NC, distilled water), positive control (PC, 1 mg/kg finasteride), CH500 (500 mg/kg body weight (BW) CH in distilled water), and CH1000 (1000 mg/kg BW CH in distilled water). In previous hair loss studies using finasteride as reference drugs, 1 mg/kg finasteride was administered orally to mice [79,80] In addition, in the case of orally administered drugs of alopecia, to confirm the ability to inhibit 5α-reductase and block DHT formation in vivo, experiments are conducted based on oral administration of finasteride 1 mg/kg/daily when performing animal pharmacology studies [81]. Therefore, in this study as well, it is reasonable to administer finasteride orally at 1 mg/kg as a reference drug. ...
Fish-derived collagen hydrolysate (CH) has shown promise in improving hair and skin health. Therefore, this study sought to comprehensively assess the effects of CH extracted from Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) scales on hair and skin using in vitro and in vivo models. Human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) were used for antioxidant and gene expression analyses, while C57BL/6 mice were orally administered CH for six weeks to assess hair growth patterns. The mice were divided into four groups: negative control (NC; distilled water), positive control (PC; 1 mg/kg finasteride), CH500 (500 mg/kg BW CH), and CH1000 (1000 mg/kg BW CH). CH mitigated catalase activity reduction in hDPCs, increased IGF-1 and VEGF levels, and decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression. In vivo, CH treatment improved hair growth index, length, diameter, weight, and density. Scanning electron microscopy revealed reduced hair damage. Moreover, CH up-regulated IGF-1, VEGF, Elastin, and HAS2 mRNA expression while down-regulating TNF-α and IL-1β. CH enhanced hair shine, growth, and skin health while alleviating inflammation. These findings demonstrate the potential of CH in alleviating oxidative stress, promoting hair growth, and enhancing skin health, both in vitro and in vivo. Fish-derived CH offers a cost-effective and bioavailable option for improving hair and skin health.
... Rights reserved. Erect to ascending, herbaceous perennial plant; mostly found in moist habitats with higher organic carbon [26,27] Content courtesy of Springer Nature, terms of use apply. Rights reserved. ...
Ethnomedicinal plants are a rich reservoir of active compounds with potent pharmacological properties. Therefore, plants could serve as a source for the discovery of active antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and are focused because of their low toxicity, economic viability, easy availability, etc. In this regard, phytochemical analyses, viz. β-carotene, total sugar, reducing sugar, vitamin C, total carotenoids, protein, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 20 ethnomedicinal plants of North East India (NEI) were evaluated in this study. The antibacterial activity against human pathogens and antioxidant potential of plant extracts was also demonstrated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC80), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and total antibacterial activity (TAA) of the active extracts were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum. The active extracts were also examined for antibiofilm as well as anti-pyocyanin activities against P. aeruginosa and anti-QS activity against C. violaceum at sub-MICs. The study demonstrated variable concentration of phytochemicals of the extracts, viz. β-carotene (0.29–8.91 mg g⁻¹), total sugar (2.92–30.6 mM), reducing sugar (0.44–14.5 mM), vitamin C (8.41–31.3 mg g⁻¹), total carotenoids (14.9–267.0 mg g⁻¹), protein (5.65–283 mg g⁻¹), TPC (5.32–31.0 mg GAE/g DW), and TFC (1.74–68.2 mg QE/g DW). The plant extracts also exhibited potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Some of the extracts also demonstrated significant biofilm inhibition and eradication, anti-pyocyanin, and anti-QS activities at sub-MICs. The selected ethnomedicinal plants are rich in phytochemicals and demonstrated potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities, thus could serve as the important source of novel antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
... Perilla alcohol is used in perfume industry as a fragrance. Leaf juice of perilla is used to expel out intestinal worms in Nepal [67]. Perilla oil is used to massage twice a day for arthritis [68]. ...
Perilla frutescens, a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, is a medicinal, aromatic, edible, and beautiful plant. The source of perilla lies into East Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and India), in which it is been used as an important root of culinary and conventional medicinal uses. Perilla plant’s leaves, seeds, and stems are utilized in community medicine for a variety of ailments [1]. Recently, Perilla plant is gaining extra interest due to its medicinal advantages and phytochemical contents. The fundamental phytochemical compounds found in this species are phenolic compounds (Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid), flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin), Phytosterols, Tocopherols, Policosanols, and Fatty acid. Perilla seed oil too is a wealthy supply of vital fatty acid which includes α-linolenic acid (54–64%) and linoleic acid (14%) [2]. Perilla has shown different biologicalactions for example, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective actions. Perilla seed oil consists of omega-3-fatty acid, and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). In comparison to other plant oils, perilla seed oil has one of the highest percentages of omega-3 (ALA) fatty acids, at 54–64%. The omega-6 (linoleic acid) is around 14% and omega-9 (Oleic acid) too is found in perilla oil. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are very useful to human wellbeing and in prevention of various illnesses such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, inflammatory, and rheumatoid arthritis [3].
... The plant extract of Houttuynia cordata Thunb., traditionally used in India to treat fever and cough [37], demonstrated effective inhibition of 3CL pro and RdRp in vitro. Upon further investigation, the immunostimulatory effect of the extract was identified. ...
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread worldwide to cause a full blown pandemic since 2020. To date, several promising synthetic therapeutics are repurposed and vaccines through different stages of clinical trials were approved and being administered, but still the efficacy of the drugs and vaccines are yet to be decoded. This article highlights the importance of traditional medicinal plants and the phytomolecules derived from them, which possess in vitro antiviral and anti-CoV properties and further explores their potential as inhibitors to molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2 that were evaluated by in silico approaches. Botanicals in traditional medicinal systems have been investigated for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through in silico and in vitro studies. However, information linking structure of phytomolecules to their antiviral activity is limited. Most phytomolecules with anti-CoV activity were studied for inhibition of the human ACE2 receptor through which the virus enters host cells, and non-structural proteins 3CLpro and PLpro. Although the proteases are ideal anti-CoV targets, information on plant-based inhibitors for the CoV structural proteins, e.g., spike, envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid required further investigations. In absence of scientific evaluations through in vitro and biocompatibility studies, plant-based antivirals fall short as treatment options. Plant-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics can be promising alternatives to their synthetic counterparts as they are economical and bear fewer chances of toxicity, side effects, and viral resistance. Our review could provide a systematic overview of the potential phytomolecules which can be repurposed and subjected to further modes of experimental evaluation to qualify for use in treatment and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
... As a traditional folk medicine, H.cordata is widely used in inflammation, pneumonia, cancer, anti-obesity, dysentery, enteritis and fever. Its bioactive components, including quercetin, afzelin, chlorogenic acid and rutin are present in H.cordata [31,32]. Active ingredients, especially its miRNAs, responsible for its various effects as well as other beneficial applications continue to be identified. ...
Abstract Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Family: Saururaceae) is well known as a traditional medicine plant and widely spread in China, Japan and India. It had been reported to have potential functions such as anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory in human. Recently, it has been reported that the plant-derived microRNA(miRNA) possibly transported from one species to another and exerted a cross kingdom regulation, and miRNA has been considered as medicinal ingredents in herbs. However, knowledge is still rare about miRNAs in H. cordata. In this study we identified 163 conserved miRNAs and 30 novel miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing, and then randomly selected miRNA’s expression trend was identified by q-PCR, which was consistent with the sequencing result. Further bioinformatics analyses showed that the targets of H. cordata miRNAs were enriched in endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption pathways, melanogenesis, insulin signaling pathway, and aldosterone -regulated sodium reabsorption pathways. These results will be helpful to understand new active components in H. cordata as food and traditional Chinese medicine. This study is the first report of miRNAs in H. cordata, and provides valuable data for further understanding the cross kingdom function of active components in H.cordata.
... Furthermore, Chung et al. reported the effect of herbal complex containing Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Perilla frutescens and Camellia sinensis on hair growth promotion in mice. 22) However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of HC on human cell system concerning hair growth were not well documented. ...
Houttuynia cordata (HC) is a traditional oriental herbal medicinal plant widely used as a component of complex prescriptions in Asia for alopecia treatment. The effect of HC on hair growth and its underlying mechanism, however, have not been demonstrated or clarified. In this study, we investigated the hair growth promoting effect of HC in cultured human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). HC extract was found to stimulate the proliferation of hDPCs and this stimulation might be in part a consequence of activated cellular energy metabolism, because treatment of HC extract increased the generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and ATP through increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). In the context of cell cycle, HC extract increased the expression of CDK4 and decreased the expression of CCNA2 and CCNB1, implying that HC extract might induce G1 phase progression of DPCs which resulted in enhanced proliferation. HC extract increased the expression of Bcl2 essential for maintaining hair follicle anagen stage and cell survival. On the contrary, the expression of p16 and p21 was down-regulated by HC extract. In addition, HC extract enhanced the secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-aa and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT. Furthermore, HC extract prolonged anagen stage in organ cultured human hair follicles. Our data strongly suggest that HC extract could support hair growth by stimulating proliferation of DPCs and elongating anagen stage, resulted from enhanced cellular energy metabolism and modulation of gene expression related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and growth factors.
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... Perilla is also used in skin creams, soaps,and medicinal preparations because of its antioxidant and anti-allergic properties 31 . Perilla is also a major constituent of herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb (HC), which is used in the treatment of alopecia 32 . As a medicinal plant,Perillais used as a treatment for cold, cough, vomiting, abdominal pain and constipation.Volatile oil from Perilla leavesused to prepare microcapsules, and these capsules areused as a food preservative agent 33 . ...
Perilla frutescens is an annual herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is
majorly produced in countries like China, Japan, India, Thailand and Korea. Recently, Perilla
plant is gaining more attention because of its medicinal benefits and phytochemical contents. The
major phytochemical compounds reported in this species are phenolic compounds (Rosmarinic
acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid), flavonoids (luteolin, apigenin), Phytosterols, Tocopherols,
Policosanols and Fatty acid. Perilla seed oil is also a rich source of essential fatty acid such as
á-linolenic acid (54-64%) and linoleic acid (14%). Perilla seeds and its oils have been widely
used in traditional nutritional and medicinal formulations. Biological analysis of Perilla seeds
revealed that it showed anticancer, ant-diabetic, antiasthma, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant and cardioprotective effect. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the
nutritional composition, phytochemical profile and pharmacological research of Perilla seed.
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) has a considerable impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Nano preparations have apparent advantages and high feasibility in the treatment of AGA. Cardamonin (CAR) has a wide range of pharmacological activities, but it has the problems of poor solubility in water and low bioavailability. There are few, if any, researches on the use of nano-loaded CAR to improve topical skin delivery of AGA. In this study, a CAR-loaded liposomal formulation (CAR@Lip and CAR@Lip Gel) was developed and characterized. The prepared CAR@Lip exhibited a uniform and rounded vesicle in size. CAR@Lip and CAR@Lip Gel can significantly improve the cumulative release of CAR. Additionally, CAR@Lip can obviously promote the proliferation and migration of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Cell uptake revealed that the uptake of CAR@Lip significantly increased compared with the free drug. Furthermore, both CAR@Lip and CAR@Lip Gel groups could markedly improve the transdermal performance of CAR, and increase the topical content of the drug in the hair follicle compared with CAR. The ratchet effect of hair follicles could improve the skin penetration depth of nanoformulations. Notably, Anti-AGA tests in the mice showed that CAR@Lip and CAR@Lip Gel groups could promote hair growth, and accelerate the transition of hair follicles to the growth stage. The anti-androgen effect was revealed by regulating the expression of IGF-1, VEGF, KGF, and TGF-β, participating in SHH/Gli and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Importantly, the nanoformulations had no obvious skin irritation. Thus, our study showed that CAR-loaded liposomal formulation has potential application in the treatment of AGA.
