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High-level time diagram of the basic dynamic scheduling principle.

High-level time diagram of the basic dynamic scheduling principle.

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FIGURE 1. High-level time diagram of the basic dynamic scheduling...
FIGURE 2. Timing diagram of the considered CB for NR PUSCH design,...
FIGURE 4. The deployment model of the considered 2030-like industrial...
FIGURE 7. Timing diagram of the IBI approach, an ideal version of DS...
+3 FIGURE 8. Model upload/download time as a function of the number of FL...
Analysis of a Contention-Based Approach Over 5G NR for Federated Learning in an Industrial Internet of Things Scenario
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  • Jan 2023
The growing interest in new applications involving co-located heterogeneous requirements, such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm, poses unprecedented challenges to the uplink wireless transmissions. Dedicated scheduling has been the fundamental approach used by mobile radio systems for uplink transmissions, where the network assi...
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Context 1
... Scheduling (DS) is the main approach used in 3GPP-compliant networks to support the transmission of uplink data with variable size and no periodic patterns [48]. Fig. 1 shows the timing diagram of DS. First, a UE with no allocated grants (i.e., dedicated radio resources) waits for an occasion to send a Scheduling Request (SR) to indicate to the Next Generation Node Base (gNB) that it has new data to be sent, then the gNB replies with a grant ("Grant#1" in Fig. 1) containing the set of radio resources ...
Context 2
... with variable size and no periodic patterns [48]. Fig. 1 shows the timing diagram of DS. First, a UE with no allocated grants (i.e., dedicated radio resources) waits for an occasion to send a Scheduling Request (SR) to indicate to the Next Generation Node Base (gNB) that it has new data to be sent, then the gNB replies with a grant ("Grant#1" in Fig. 1) containing the set of radio resources that are allocated for the first uplink transmission. Consequently, the UE will create a Transport Block (TB) (i.e., Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Data Unit (PDU)) based on the received grant. The TB will be used to carry (i) the Buffer Status Report (BSR), i.e., a MAC Control Element (CE) ...
Context 3
... first grant could be enough to allow the UE to transmit all data in its queue, but this cannot be guaranteed as the gNB has not yet information on how much data the UE has to send. Hence, depending on the received BSR, the gNB could send one or more new grants to allow the UE to free up its buffer (transmissions highlighted with a dashed box in Fig. 1). As a matter of fact, DS is a very flexible approach because it allows tailoring the radio resources allocated to a UE based on its buffer status and cell load, as well as adjusting transmission parameters (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)) based on its channel quality. Nevertheless, the interval from when new data reaches UE's ...
Context 4
... Fig. 10 shows the URLLC uplink/downlink availability as a function of N F L , by comparing the two cases where FL UEs transmit/receive a model of 2 MB (i.e., the worst case) and are scheduled (i) via DS or (ii) by means of the considered CB design with retransmissions on dedicated resources. As expected, the uplink/downlink availability remain ...