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Heteroborips seriatus, habitus. 11) Female, dorsal view. Photograph from www.zin.ru\Animalia\Coleoptera, Author -Kirill V. Makarov. Used with permission as indicated on website; 12) Male, dorsal view; 13) Male, lateral view. Photographs in Figs. 12 and 13 by Boris Anokhin (ZISP) (Mandelshtam et al. 2018).
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Citations
... The morphology of Microperus is most similar to Coptodryas Hopkins, 1915. Several studies have confirmed that the genera are closely related and both are in need of further taxonomic/phylogenetic investigation to clarify generic limits (Hulcr et al., 2007;Cognato et al., 2011;Mandelshtam et al., 2019;Smith et al., 2020). ...
The Microperus ambrosia beetle fauna of Taiwan is reviewed. Microperus alpha (Beeson, 1929), M. kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934), M. kirishimanus (Murayama, 1955), M. perparvus (Sampson, 1922), M. quercicola (Eggers, 1926) have all been previously recorded from Taiwan. Microperus bucolicus Sittichaya, Smith & Beaver, 2021 and M. latesalebrinus Smith, Beaver & Cognato, 2020 are new country records for Taiwan. Of which, the males of M. alpha, M. bucolicus, M. kadoyamaensis, M. latesalebrinus, M. perparvus, and M. quercicola are described for the first time. In this study, we document a likely occurrence of mycocleptism by M. bucolicus. Diagnostic characters, biological data and a key to species in Taiwan are provided.
... Thus, small differences in diagnostic features may become fixed in populations thus confounding species identification (Cognato et al. 2020b). As with many other morphologically poorly defined taxa (e.g., Cornils and Held 2014), molecular phylogenetics and traditional taxonomy have been integrated for the delimitation and diagnosis of xyleborine species (e.g., Gomez et al. 2018b, Mandelshtam et al. 2019, Cognato et al. 2020b, Jordal and Tischer 2020, Eliasson and Jordal 2021. This new taxonomic perspective provides a powerful framework for investigating suspect species and new and minute characters that may serve to diagnosis pseudocryptic species found during surveys for non-native xyleborines. ...
Pseudocryptic species, those that are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic methods, are serious impediments for recognizing the introduction of non-native species. Rapid identification of species facilitates a rapid response to newly introduced species which can lessen their damaging effects. This situation is acute for known pest species such as xyleborine ambrosia beetles which are difficult to identify given minute morphological, often variable, diagnostic characters. These beetles have been introduced into non-native temperate regions and have caused economic and ecological havoc. In this study, we produced DNA-based phylogenies using four genes for individuals of Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913), C. distinguendum (Eggers, 1930), and C. pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878) sampled from their introduced and native Asian ranges and as well as other Cyclorhipidion species. In addition, we review subtle morphological characters for diagnostic potential for these similar species. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis produced well-resolved and supported phylogeny that provided evidence for multiple introductions of C. bodoanum and C. distinguendum into the United States and the occurrence of pseudocryptic species. The ambrosia beetles Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum (Schedl, 1953) and C. nemesis Smith & Cognato, sp. nov. are reported in North America for the first time. We find that the pattern of elytral interstrial setae is an unrealized source for the identification of Cyclorhipidion species. This study resulted in the recognition of six species adventive to the United States with the revised status of C. californicum (Wood, 1975). All species known from North American are diagnosed, illustrated and a key is provided.
... The genera are distinguished by multiple differences in the antennal characters, and body shape. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies including both Coptodryas and Microperus have confirmed that the genera are closely related (Cognato et al. 2011;Mandelshtam et al. 2019). However, Hulcr et al.'s (2007) diagnosis and description of both Coptodryas and Microperus were based on a limited taxon sampling of five species per genus and as a result, did not reflect the full morphological variation exhibited by species within these genera. ...
Microperus Wood, 1980 ambrosia beetles in Thailand are reviewed. Four species, M. bidentatus sp. nov ., M. bucolicus sp. nov ., M. globodeclivis sp. nov. , and M. serratus sp. nov. are described. Four new combinations are given: Microperus armaticeps (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov. , Microperus exsculptus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov. , Microperus pedellus (Schedl, 1969) comb. nov. , and Microperus spicatulus (Browne, 1986) comb. nov. , stat. res. , all from Xyleborus . Two new synonyms are proposed: Microperus cruralis (Schedl, 1975) (= Xyleborus myllus Browne, 1986 syn. nov. ), Microperus exsculptus (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus dentipennis Browne, 1983 syn. nov. ). Four species are reported from Thailand for the first time: Microperus chrysophylli (Eggers, 1930), Microperus exsculptus , Microperus nanus (Browne, 1949) and Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926). With the inclusion of the Microperus species described and recorded herein, the diversity of Microperus is increased to 35 species, of which 18 are recorded in Thailand. An updated key to the Microperus of the Indochinese Peninsula and China is provided. The taxonomy, diagnostic characters, and distribution of species are briefly discussed.
... Wood (1980) began the process of splitting up this very large genus, describing six new genera, and later (Wood 1986) reviving a number of genera which had been described by Reitter (1913), Hopkins (1915, and others, but synonymised within Xyleborus by Schedl (1963). Further genera have been revived by Hulcr et al. (2007), and Mandelshtam et al. (2019), and new genera described by Hulcr & Cognato (2009, 2010, , and Sittichaya & Smith (2020). Many species, particularly in the Oriental region , have been transferred from Xyleborus to these new genera, but others have remained unstudied and their position in the revised classification of Xyleborini remains unclear. ...
Ambrosia beetles from the tribe Xyleborini are part of nearly all forest ecosystems. Because of their small size, haplodiploid mating structure, and protected lives inside the sapwood of woody plants, they have a unique ability to expand into new regions via inadvertent human transport. A small number of invasive xyleborines cause significant damage to forests, lumber concerns, and agricultural systems. Most ambrosia pests damage or kill trees by the accumulation of beetle attacks, one is known to cause tree death through the introduction of pathogenic fungus into susceptible Lauraceae trees. The relationships between ambrosia fungi and their beetle vectors range from mutualistic symbiosis to facultative association, but most remain unstudied. Unresolved taxonomies, convergent morphologies, and the difficulty of sampling ambrosia fungi over their entire global ranges make comprehensive surveys of ambrosia fungi difficult to achieve. Ambrosia fungi from Europe and North America are moderately well documented, however, we have yet to sufficiently document those from Africa, Asia, Australia, and South America. Worldwide cooperation to improve and standardize scientific study of the ambrosia symbioses is needed to better understand these impactful organisms.
Ambrosia beetles bore into the xylem of woody plants, reduce timber quality, and can sometimes cause devastating damage to forest ecosystems. The colonization by different beetle species is dependent on host status, from healthy trees to the early stages of wood decay, although the precise factors influencing their host selection are not well known. Classic studies on plant ecology have determined the niches of different plant species in vegetation succession, based on comparisons of successions in different locations using ordination analyses, although the factors influencing the colonization of each species are largely undetermined. In this study, to characterize the succession of ambrosia beetles after tree felling, two Betulaceae tree species, an alder (Alnus hirsuta), and a white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) were felled as bait logs in central Hokkaido, Japan, in 2016. From 2016 to 2018, the bait logs were dissected late in each flying season, and ambrosia beetles were collected from the logs. During the period of monitoring, the beetle colonization in both tree species was mostly concentrated in the first 2 years. We observed similarities in the beetle faunas colonizing the two plant species, and that individual species appeared in the same sequence in the logs of the two plant species, although the temporal patterns of colonization differed. Consequently, significant differences in beetle community compositions in the two host species were detected in each of the first 2 years of the study, whereas the difference in the overall composition of beetle assemblages (=pooled over 3 years) between the two plant species was smaller than that in either 2016 or 2017. We speculated that the differences in the temporal pattern of colonization could be attributable to differences in the rates at which the wood of the two tree species deteriorated. Treptoplatypus severini and Xylosandrus crassiusculus were considered to be early-successional species that commenced log colonization soon after felling, although T. severini has a wide niche and was collected during all 3 years of the study. Conversely, Xyleborinus attenuatus and Heteroborips seriatus were identified as probable late-successional species that showed a preference for older logs.
Bark and ambrosia beetles are highly successful invaders because of their life history, habits, and propensity to be easily transported by anthropogenic activities. Globalization and climate change interact to facilitate the movement of many species across and among continents, contributing to wide range expansions. Consequently, some species are transformed into notable pests in invaded areas where they can induce tree mortality. Climatic variables are strong predictors of bark and ambrosia beetle invasion potential as tolerance to extreme conditions allows them to colonize new large areas if moved by humans. We synthesized the observed and predicted impacts of climate change and human activities on worldwide invasions by bark and ambrosia beetles at each stage of the invasion process, i.e., transport, arrival, establishment and spread. Even though environmental conditions are usually strong predictors of invasion performance, the precise relationships between climate change and invasion potential are still unclear for most bark and ambrosia beetle species. Identifying the long-term drivers behind invasion success is essential to predict which species are likely to expand their ranges globally and to identify geographic areas that are most prone to these future invasions.
The Southeast Asian xyleborine ambrosia beetle fauna is reviewed for the first time. Thirty-four genera and 315 species are reviewed, illustrated, and keyed to genera and species. Sixty-three new species are described: Amasa cycloxyster sp. nov. , Amasa galeoderma sp. nov. , Amasa gibbosa sp. nov. , Amasa lini sp. nov. , Amasa tropidacron sp. nov. , Amasa youlii sp. nov. , Ambrosiophilus caliginestris sp. nov. , Ambrosiophilus indicus sp. nov. , Ambrosiophilus lannaensis sp. nov. , Ambrosiophilus papilliferus sp. nov. , Ambrosiophilus wantaneeae sp. nov. , Anisandrus achaete sp. nov. , Anisandrus auco sp. nov. , Anisandrus auratipilus sp. nov. , Anisandrus congruens sp. nov. , Anisandrus cryphaloides sp. nov. , Anisandrus feronia sp. nov. , Anisandrus hera sp. nov. , Anisandrus paragogus sp. nov. , Anisandrus sinivali sp. nov. , Anisandrus venustus sp. nov. , Anisandrus xuannu sp. nov. , Arixyleborus crassior sp. nov. , Arixyleborus phiaoacensis sp. nov. , Arixyleborus setosus sp. nov. , Arixyleborus silvanus sp. nov. , Arixyleborus sittichayai sp. nov. , Arixyleborus titanus sp. nov. , Coptodryas amydra sp. nov. , Coptodryas carinata sp. nov. , Coptodryas inornata sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion amasoides sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion amputatum sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion denticauda sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion muticum sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion obesulum sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion petrosum sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion truncaudinum sp. nov. , Cyclorhipidion xeniolum sp. nov. , Euwallacea geminus sp. nov. , Euwallacea neptis sp. nov. , Euwallacea subalpinus sp. nov. , Euwallacea testudinatus sp. nov. , Heteroborips fastigatus sp. nov. , Heteroborips indicus sp. nov. , Microperus latesalebrinus sp. nov. , Microperus minax sp. nov. , Microperus sagmatus sp. nov. , Streptocranus petilus sp. nov. , Truncaudum bullatum sp. nov. , Xyleborinus cuneatus sp. nov. , Xyleborinus disgregus sp. nov. , Xyleborinus echinopterus sp. nov. , Xyleborinus ephialtodes sp. nov. , Xyleborinus huifenyinae sp. nov. , Xyleborinus jianghuansuni sp. nov. , Xyleborinus thaiphami sp. nov. , Xyleborinus tritus sp. nov. , Xyleborus opacus sp. nov. , Xyleborus sunisae sp. nov. , Xyleborus yunnanensis sp. nov. , Xylosandrus bellinsulanus sp. nov. , Xylosandrus spinifer sp. nov. . Thirteen new combinations are given: Ambrosiophilus consimilis (Eggers) comb. nov. , Anisandrus carinensis (Eggers) comb. nov. , Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn) comb. nov. , Anisandrus klapperichi (Schedl) comb. nov. , Anisandrus percristatus (Eggers) comb. nov. , Arixyleborus resecans (Eggers) comb. nov. , Cyclorhipidion armiger (Schedl) comb. nov. , Debus quadrispinus (Motschulsky) comb. nov. , Heteroborips tristis (Eggers) comb. nov. , Leptoxyleborus machili (Niisima) comb. nov. , Microperus cruralis (Schedl) comb. nov. , Planiculus shiva (Maiti & Saha) comb. nov. , Xylosandrus formosae (Wood) comb. nov. Twenty-four new synonyms are proposed: Ambrosiophilus osumiensis (Murayama, 1934) (= Xyleborus nodulosus Eggers, 1941 syn. nov. ); Ambrosiophilus subnepotulus (Eggers, 1930) (= Xyleborus cristatuloides Schedl, 1971 syn. nov. ); Ambrosiophilus sulcatus (Eggers, 1930) (= Xyleborus sinensis Eggers, 1941 syn. nov. ; = Xyleborus sulcatulus Eggers, 1939 syn. nov. ); Anisandrus hirtus (Hagedorn, 1904) (= Xyleborus hirtipes Schedl, 1969 syn. nov. ); Cnestus protensus (Eggers, 1930) (= Cnestus rostratus Schedl, 1977 syn. nov. ); Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913) (= Xyleborus misatoensis Nobuchi, 1981 syn. nov. ); Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers, 1930) (= Xyleborus fukiensis Eggers, 1941 syn. nov. ; = Xyleborus ganshoensis Murayama, 1952 syn. nov. ); Cyclorhipidion inarmatum (Eggers, 1923) (= Xyleborus vagans Schedl, 1977 syn. nov. ); Debus quadrispinus (Motschulsky, 1863) (= Xyleborus fallax Eichhoff, 1878 syn. nov. ); Euwallacea gravelyi (Wichmann, 1914) (= Xyleborus barbatomorphus Schedl, 1951 syn. nov. ); Euwallacea perbrevis (Schedl, 1951) (= Xyleborus molestulus Wood, 1975 syn. nov. ; Euwallacea semirudis (Blandford, 1896) (= Xyleborus neohybridus Schedl, 1942 syn. nov. ); Euwallacea sibsagaricus (Eggers, 1930) (= Xyleborus tonkinensis Schedl, 1934 syn. nov. ); Euwallacea velatus (Sampson, 1913) (= Xyleborus rudis Eggers, 1930 syn. nov. ); Microperus kadoyamaensis (Murayama, 1934) (= Xyleborus pubipennis Schedl, 1974 syn. nov. ; = Xyleborus denseseriatus Eggers, 1941 syn. nov. ); Stictodex dimidiatus (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus dorsosulcatus Beeson, 1930 syn. nov. ); Webbia trigintispinata Sampson, 1922 (= Webbia mucronatus Eggers, 1927 syn. nov. ); Xyleborinus artestriatus (Eichhoff, 1878) (= Xyelborus angustior [ sic ] Eggers, 1925 syn. nov. ; = Xyleborus undatus Schedl, 1974 syn. nov. ); Xyleborinus exiguus (Walker, 1859) (= Xyleborus diversus Schedl, 1954 syn. nov. ); Xyleborus muticus Blandford, 1894 (= Xyleborus conditus Schedl, 1971 syn. nov. ; = Xyleborus lignographus Schedl, 1953 syn. nov. ). Seven species are removed from synonymy and reinstated as valid species: Anisandrus cristatus (Hagedorn, 1908), Cyclorhipidion tenuigraphum (Schedl, 1953), Diuncus ciliatoformis (Schedl, 1953), Euwallacea gravelyi (Wichmann, 1914), Euwallacea semirudis (Blandford, 1896), Microperus fulvulus (Schedl, 1942), Xyleborinus subspinosus (Eggers, 1930).
One-hundred-eleven new provincial and territorial Coleoptera records are reported from New Brunswick (64), Nova Scotia (20), Prince Edward Island (5), Quebec (14), Manitoba (3), British Columbia (3), and Yukon Territory (2) for the 26 following families: Carabidae, Dytiscidae, Histeridae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae, Buprestidae, Eucnemidae, Elateridae, Cantharidae, Erotylidae, Monotomidae, Cryptophagidae, Passandridae (first record of this family from New Brunswick), Laemophloeidae, Nitidulidae, Anamorphidae, Coccinellidae, Latridiidae, Mordellidae, Tenebrionidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Anthribidae, Brentidae, Dryophthoridae, and Curculionidae. Among these are ten new Canadian records: Heterosternuta oppositus (Say, 1823) (Dytiscidae) (New Brunswick), Gyrophaena blatchleyi Seevers, 1951 (Staphylinidae) (Quebec), Acropteroxys lecontei Crotch, 1873 (Erotylidae) (Manitoba), Placonotus falinorum Thomas, 2011 (Laemophloeidae) (Quebec), Adelina pallida (Say, 1824) (Tenebrionidae) (Quebec), Poecilocera harrisii (J.L. LeConte, 1851) (Chrysomelidae) (New Brunswick), Plesiobaris albilata (LeConte, 1876) (Curculionidae) (Quebec, New Brunswick), Pseudopityophthorus asperulus (LeConte, 1868) (Curculionidae) (Nova Scotia), Hylurgops palliatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) (Curculionidae) (New Brunswick), and Heteroborips seriatus (Blandford, 1894) (Curculionidae) (Nova Scotia). Plesiobaris disjuncta Casey reported as new for Canada in New Brunswick and Quebec by Webster et al. (2012a) is actually P. albilata (LeConte) and thus P. disjuncta is removed from the faunal list of Canada. Eleven species from New Brunswick not previously reported in literature were found on the online platforms BugGuide.Net and iNaturalist and are reported in this publication. This highlights the importance of online platforms dedicated to recording wildlife observations and citizen science in detecting new species records. Data is also presented for seven species from Quebec and two species from New Brunswick reported by Bousquet et al. (2013) without any supporting information for their occurrence in these provinces. Among the species reported here, 32 are adventive.
An updated checklist of the species belonging to the subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae in Switzerland is presented and briefly discussed. A total of 113 species is confirmed. This checklist is based on 42836 occurrences obtained from the identification of specimens held in museum and private collections, as well as on records taken from the literature. Fifteen species recorded from Switzerland in the past are excluded from this list, for reasons of insufficient documentation.
