Table 1 - uploaded by Nicholas Martin
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Hemiptera: Homoptera associated with poroporo.
Source publication
Between 1976 and 1983 poroporo (Solanum aviculare and S lacimatum) was grown as a crop for the extraction of solasodine Slugs and arthropods associated with poroporo were studied while developing practical pest control with minimum use of pesticides Harmful and beneficial organisms found on poroporo are listed with notes on their biology and annual...
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A preliminary survey of insect population in Kuini (Mangifera odorata) orchard was conducted between February 2016 and May 2016 in MARDI, Sintok, Malaysia. Collection of insects were done using two different methods namely yellow sticky trap (YST) and sweep net. A total of 857 arthropods were collected during flowering season and 1,454 arthropods d...
Citations
... Tetranychus lambi Pritchard & Baker was recorded on Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) in Auckland this work); T. ludeni Zacher on Brugmansia sp. (datura), Capsicum annuum (pepper), Cyphomandra betacea (tamarillo), Iochroma tubulosa, Solanum mauritianum, Solanum melongena (eggplant), Solanum sp. in Auckland, Gisborne, Bay of Plenty and Northland (Zhang 2002;Zhang et al. 2002;this work); and T. urticae Koch on Capsicum annuum, Solanum aviculare (poroporo), S. laciniatum (poroporo), S. macranthum, S. muricatum (pepino), S. nigrum (black nightshade) and S. tuberosa (potato) in Auckland and Bay of Plenty (Manson 1967a(Manson , 1983Martin 1999;Zhang et al. 2002). Solanaceous plants are favourable hosts of T. evansi though more than 147 host species in 37 families have been recorded worldwide (Migeon & Dorkeld 2020). ...
The tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi was detected for the first time in New Zealand in May 2020. There is an urgent need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools on this species. In order to meet this demand, we developed methods for identification of T. evansi in the field and laboratory based on damage symptoms, morphological characters and DNA sequences. To distinguish T. evansi from the previously recorded species a key to all species of Tetranychus in New Zealand is provided. DNA barcoding employing the mitochondrial COI gene enabled us to differentiate T. evansi from closely related species.
... Symmetrischema tangolias is thought to be native to the Peruvian or Bolivian Andes and is broadly distributed in the Andean zones of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Beyond South America, S. tangolias is present in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and Indonesia (Terauds et al. 1984;Martin 1999;Kroschel & Schaub 2013). The larva mines the potato plant stems, including tubers, both in the field and post-harvest. ...
Three species of potato tuber moths, Tecia solanivora Povolny, Symmetrischema tangolias Gyen, and Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (all Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), attack potato plants in the highlands of Ecuador and cause great economic losses. To understand their ecology and to develop precise integrated pest management strategies, a description of the molecular identification of each species and genetic diversity within populations is needed. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of a total of 112 moth samples of these 3 distinct species. Samples were collected from the 4 central provinces (Bolvar, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, and Tungurahua) in the Ecuadorian highlands, where potato is a major crop for food security. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing, we compared mitochondrial gene sequences among conspecific moth samples. Each of the 3 species exhibited different patterns regarding genetic diversity; more than 1 haplotype was present in P. operculella and S. tangolias, whereas all T. solanivora samples were found to be genetically identical. This initial effort of molecular characterization of the potato tuber moths will facilitate identifying incursion and potential migration route of Gelechiidae species as well as prevention of the pest outbreaks.
... The Andean potato tuber moth, Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) [Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae], is likely native to the mountainous region of Peru and Bolivia. It causes significant economic damage to farmers growing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the mid-elevated Andean region of South America (Palacios et al. 1999;Dangles et al. 2008) and is reported as a pest in New Zealand, Australia and the United States (Osmelak 1987;Martin 1999). In the Andes, the pest has expanded its range northwards from its assumed origin during the last several decades and today is established in some areas in Ecuador and Colombia. ...
The Andean potato tuber moth, Symmetrischema tangolias (Gyen) [Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae], is an economically important pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the mid-elevated Andean region and an invasive pest of partially global importance. Determination of the pest's population life table parameters is essential for understanding population development and growth under a variety of climates and as part of a pest risk analysis. The development, mortality and reproduction were studied in two pest populations (from Peru and Ecuador) in which cohorts of each life stage were exposed to different constant temperatures ranging from 10°C to 28°C. Using the Insect Life Cycle Modeling software, nonlinear equations were fitted to the data and an overall phenology model established to simulate life table parameters based on temperature. The temperature-dependent development curve was statistically well described for eggs by Ratkowsky's model and for larvae and pupae by Taylor's model. Variability in development time among individuals independent of temperature was significantly described by a log-logistic model. Temperature effects on immature mortality were described using different nonlinear models. Optimal temperature for survival was between 14° and 17°C. Temperature effects on adult senescence and oviposition time were described by simple exponential models; within-group variability was described by a Weibull distribution function. Fecundity per female due to temperature followed a nonlinear model indicating maximum reproduction at ~17°C. The established model revealed good convergence with historical life tables established at fluctuating temperatures. The results confirm that S. tangolias is more adapted to cooler temperature than the common potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller). S. tangolias develops at temperatures within the range of 8–28.8°C with a maximum finite rate of population increase (=1.053) at 21°C. The established process-based physiological model can be used globally to simulate life table parameters for S. tangolias based on temperature and should prove helpful for evaluating the potential establishment risk and in adjusting pest management programmes.
... and S. laciniatum Aiton. Martin (1999) also records that in New Zealand it breeds in eggplant, capsicum, pepino, potato (S. tuberosum L.) and apple of Sodom (S. linnaeanum Hepper and P. Jaeger). Solanum aviculare and S. laciniatum, both called kangaroo apple in Australia, occur widely as native shrubs in Tasmania. ...
... Brown did not recognise prepupal diapause in his study in which larval cohorts reared at 15.7ºC and 19.1ºC reached prepupae but developed no further while those at 22.2ºC passed the prepupal stage without diapause. However, data from Martin (1999Martin ( , 2010Martin ( , and personal communication 2013 outlined below do not concur with some of these conclusions drawn from Brown. Kay (2010) developed a thermal summation model (see Table 1 in this paper) derived from rearing in a 12:12 light:dark (L:D) photoperiod at five constant temperatures between 20.5ºC and 30.5ºC, which fall in the linear portion of the developmental rate curve. ...
... Kay remained uncertain about the relative importance of temperature and daylength in diapause. Martin (1999) observed that S. cordalis over-winters as diapausing, prepupal larvae at Pukekohe in the north island of New Zealand. These larvae pupate in spring and emerge from November through December. ...
Eggfruit caterpillar or poroporo fruit borer, Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is not established in Tasmania despite being common at cooler sites in New Zealand. The pest is common around Christchurch, New Zealand which offers less heat than Launceston or Melbourne. Adults occasionally migrate to Tasmania and larvae are occasionally detected at the quarantine barrier in imported commercial fruit . Suitable host plants occur widely in Tasmania including seasonal commercial and domestic crops. The immature stages have not been detected in Tasmania and evidence for breeding in Victoria is scarce. All captures of S. cordalis moths in Tasmania are coincidental with known long-distance migratory species and airflows favourable for migration across Bass Strait. Published and unpublished data for the duration of natural and laboratory life cycles are used with a day-degree development model to explore some scenarios of establishment in Tasmania. This indicated potential for 1–2 generations when initiated from December-February oviposition. The results provide another example to biosecurity entomologists of a pest that has failed to establish, even ephemerally, in Tasmania despite presence of host plants, a mainland breeding distribution attenuating southwards into Victoria and marginally suitable climate in Launceston, Tasmania. A previous example is cabbage-centre grub, Hellula hydralis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Hill 2012). Arguably, the distribution and development model of S. cordalis shares some similarities with that of Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a quarantinable pest of great consequence. S. cordalis regularly performs a natural experiment of attempting establishment in Tasmania and may represent an indicator of likelihood for B. tryoni via propagules of larvae in imported fruit .
... ) and breeding on the latter species (Martin, 1999). Larvae were found on a second Coprosma species, on the underside of the leaf of a shrub growing on the edge of a grassy clearing, while a heavily infested shrub, Melicytus lanceolatus Hook f. (Violaceae) was also on the edge of a grassy area. ...
The identity of the host plants and the feeding site of adults and juveniles are important aspects of herbivore biology, but many published "host records" of thrips species are based solely on the presence of winged adults with no evidence of any biological dependence by the thrips on the named plants. Teulon and Penman (1990) produced the most comprehensive list of host plants of any thrips species worldwide, recording larvae of the native New Zealand species, Thrips obscuratus, from more than 50 plant species. The available information on host associations of the other indigenous and exotic thrips in New Zealand was summarised by Mound and Walker (1982, 1986). This note reports new host information for eight species, including the first hosts recorded for two native species. Adult and larval thrips were collected while searching native plants for herbivores. Typical signs of thrips feeding are leaf 'silvering' or leaves with chlorotic speckling. Black faecal spots may or may not be present. Larvae were reared to adults because few larval thrips can be identified to species and successful development to adult confirmed that a plant was a 'true' host and not a chance association. Larvae were reared in either sealed plastic bags or a ventilated container with part of the original host plant and tissue paper, which absorbed excess moisture and provided a suitable site for pupation. Adult thrips collected from plants and reared from larvae were mounted on microscope slides, identified using Mound and Walker (1982) and deposited in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland. Two-letter area codes for New Zealand localities follow Crosby et al. (1998). Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche, 1833), Greenhouse thrips (Thripidae: Panchaetothripinae) Colonies including adults and larvae were common in cut-over and regenerating forest in the Waitakere Ranges, Auckland, on several indigenous plant species and in close proximity to colonies of the endemic Sigmothrips aotearoana (Ward). Both species are polyphagous, and cause similar damage to plant leaves, leaf silvering, leave black faecal speckles, and have larvae that carry black faecal droplets. However, only greenhouse thrips pupate on leaves, while S. aotearoana is presumed to pupate in the soil (Mound & Walker 1982). Nevertheless, the two thrips appear to have only one host plant in common, Fuchsia excorticata. Greenhouse thrips, a native of South America, also attack native plants in eastern Australian rainforest (Mound & Williams 2003).
... Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio (Chinese wax scale) is an adventive species recorded on 14 native plant species from 11 genera in 12 families (including one fern sp.) (Hodgson & Henderson 2000, Morrison 2007, Martin 1999, Plant and Food 2010, Anon. 2009). ...
... Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (soft brown scale) is an adventive species known to infest a wide range of native and exotic plants. Previous host records for soft brown scale include 24 native species from 16 families and 18 genera (including two fern species: Blechnum fraseri and Histiopteris incisa) (Hodgson & Henderson 2000, Walker 2008, de Lange 1997, Martin 1999, Plant and Food 2010. Cultivated/introduced hosts recorded include Abutilon, Dendrobium, blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Citrus sp., radiata pine (Pinus radiata), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), wild cherry (Prunus avium), cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), nectarine (Prunus persica var. ...
The scale insect fauna recorded on the pigmy mistletoe genus Korthalsella (Viscaceae) and New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes is reviewed. Three new species from New Zealand discovered on Korthalsella species during this study are described: the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs of two pupillarial species Leucaspis albotecta sp. nov. and Leucaspis trilobata sp. nov. (Diaspididae); and the adult female, 2nd-instar male and female nymphs and lst-instar nymph of Eriococcus korthalsellae sp. nov. (Eriococcidae). A distribution map is provided for the three new species. We report the first records of adventive (exotic) scale insects on Korthalsella species in New Zealand - Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, soft brown scale, Saissetia coffeae (Walker), hemispherical scale, S. oleae (Olivier), black scale (Coccidae), and Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, oleander scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), latania scale, H. rapax (Comstock), greedy scale (Diaspididae), while three native scale insects are also first records: Kalasiris perforata (Maskell) (Coccidae), Eriococcus pallidus Maskell (Eriococcidae) and Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell) (Pseudococcidae). Ten scale insect species are listed for New Zealand's loranthaceous mistletoes.
... These perennial plant species are widely distributed throughout Paraná state and seems to be important for the survival of C. luridus in the native forests. Curculionids attacking medicinal plants were re-ported by Martin (1999), who found Pantomorus cervinus on Solanum aviculare and Solanum laciniatum, plants known in New Zealand as poroporo, utilized for the extraction of solasodine. ...
Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.
Sceliodes cordalis (Doubleday) is an important pest of eggplant but little is known of its biology. Egg size, oviposition sites, seasonal occurrence and egg parasitism were studied from 2006 to 2008 in the coastal Burnett district of Queensland. Eggs (L:W:H :: 0.716 mm: 0.445 mm: 0.292 mm) were laid predominantly on the calyx of the fruit but not on flowers. Trichogramma Westwood and Trichogrammatoidea Girault wasps emerged from parasitised eggs. Pheromone traps caught moths throughout the year, with higher catches in spring and summer than in winter and in the presence of eggplant crops.
Aphids are phloem-sap sucking insects that cause important losses to potato crops, especially by virus transmission. Aphid development, their biological and physiological adaptations, and their feeding behavior are key attributes that pose major challenges to the management of aphid populations and virus spread in potato fields. These attributes are reviewed from a perspective of pest management.
Abstract Sceliodes cordalis, eggfruit caterpillar, is an important pest of eggplant in Australia but little information was available on its biology. This study was conducted to determine the effect of temperature on the development on eggplant of eggs, larvae and pupae. Insects were reared at five constant temperatures from 20.5°C to 30.5°C with a 12:12 L : D photoperiod and the thermal summation model was fitted to the developmental rate data. Developmental zeroes and thermal constants of 11.22°C and 61.32 day-degrees for eggs, 12.03°C and 179.60 day-degrees for larvae, and 14.43°C and 107.03 day-degrees for pupae were determined. Several larvae reared at 20.5°C entered diapause.
