Figure - available from: Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Hematoxylin-eosin staining of muscle sections of N. oleander leaves decoction induced APR in rats after 3 (b), 12 (c), and 24 h (d) time course with sterile muscle abscess compared with control (a). Black arrow represents inflammatory cells in the interstitial spaces and among the muscle. Arrow head indicate strong staining in some of the affected individual fibers. (magnification = 100x, inset 400x).
Source publication
This study was aimed to find histological changes in the extrahepatic organs, hepatic iron deposition, and gene expression of some iron regulatory proteins in rats after sterile muscle abscess during the acute intoxication of Nerium oleander leaves decoction. 10 ml/kg of the leaves extract was injected intramuscularly in Wistar rats (200–225 g, n=4...
Citations
... They could be due to blood circulation defects related to heart fibrillation, but a direct effect of oleandrin cannot be excluded. In fact, previous reports associated the leakage of lysosomal enzymes with deleterious effects on glomeruli and renal tubules in rats [26]. The high concentration of oleandrin measured from kidneys in geese supports this hypothesis, and this may be a distinctive point, as previous studies suggested a minor accumulation of oleandrin in kidneys of mice [27]. ...
This study describes the acute poisoning of four 3-month-old Franconia geese (Anser anser) by oleander plants (Nerium oleander). After the accidental ingestion of oleander clippings, the geese exhibited a rapid onset of severe symptoms, leading to mortality within 15–90 min. Necropsy revealed cardiac and renal lesions. Specifically, interstitial edema, red blood cell infiltration, and myofibril loss were observed in the cardiac muscle, and tubular epithelial degeneration, interstitial edema, and hemorrhages were evident in the kidneys. Oleandrin, a glycoside with cardiac effects, was detected in the liver, kidneys, heart, brain, and muscles. The clinical implications underscore the urgency of veterinary intervention upon oleander ingestion, and the specific findings contribute valuable insights into the pathological effects of acute oleander poisoning in geese, aiding veterinarians in prompt diagnosis and treatment.
... Liver tissues were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining as described by Abbasi et al. (2018) and assigned the scores 0-4 [19]. ...
... Liver tissues were processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining as described by Abbasi et al. (2018) and assigned the scores 0-4 [19]. ...
... Histochemical analyses revealed a noteworthy increase in collagen protein in DG, indicating a hepatic inflammation in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, ballooning of hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and deposition of fat globules with damaged sinusoidal spaces were also observed in DG (Fig. 5) which were consistent with the previous studies [19]. Hepatic fibrosis, the increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is a major cause of chronic liver injury [24] and DM potentiates liver inflammation that ultimately cause severe liver failure in addition to the prevalence of bacterial infections [25]. ...
Background
The current study was designed to highlight the effects of heterologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on deteriorated hepatic tissues and impaired glucose metabolism of alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
Methods
30 male mice were divided into a control (CG), PRP (PG), diabetic (DG), and two treated groups (T1G and T2G). PG was given PRP treatment (0.5 ml/kg body weight) twice a week for four weeks. DG, T1G and T2G were given alloxan (150 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. After confirmation, PRP treatment was given to T1G and T2G for two and four weeks respectively while DG was left untreated. Upon completion of the said experimental period, liver samples were taken for histological and gene expression analyses.
Results
The study found that the liver tissue of the DG group showed signs of damage, including hepatocyte ballooning, sinusoid dilatation, and collagen deposition. However, these changes were significantly reduced in both T1G and T2G groups. The expression of several genes related to liver function was also affected, with upregulation of Fbp1 and Pklr, and downregulation of Pck1 in the DG group. PRP treatment restored Fbp1 expression and also increased the expression of glycolytic pathway genes Hk1 and Gck, as well as Wnt signalling pathway genes Wnt2, Wnt4, and Wnt9a in both treated groups.
Conclusion
Current study revealed that heterologous PRP may partly alleviate high glucose levels in diabetics possibly by mediating glucose metabolism via inhibition of Wnt signalling pathway.
... Furthermore, no mortality was recorded in all groups during the twelve days. Other investigations reported that giving leaves of N. oleander in different concentrations to sheeps and mice induced intoxication symptoms [16,17]. Hence, changes in general behaviors have been used as the critical indicators for toxicity evaluation [10]. ...
... Histological features of R3 showed the presence of significant congestion in the hepatic veins (Fig. 2, D), but that of L3 demonstrated mild inflammatory cells, infiltration in the portal triads ( Fig. 2, G), and dilated hepatic veins with significant congestion (Fig. 2, H). Our observations are in agreement with other investigations [17] that observed the presence of leukocytes' infiltration, diffuse fatty vacuolation and hepatocyte necrosis in sheep treated with single dose (250 mg/kg) of N. oleander leaves. ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Nerium oleander roots (R) and leaves (L) aqueous extract on Wistar rat. Serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological examination of liver, kidney and brain were assessed after twelve consecutive day’s oral administration of N. oleander. The extracts of R1, R2, L1 and L2 induced no treatment-related adverse effects with regard to general behaviors, hematological, serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological profiles of liver, kidney and brain. However, the higher doses (R3, L3) led to, diarrhea, weakness, anorexia, frequent urination, and nasal hemorrhage, with no mortality. The hematological data revealed a significant increase in the levels of hematocrit and platelets in both L3 and R3 compared to the control. However, these two extracts have not affected the level of RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, and lymphocytes, while the L3 has reduced the concentration of glucose and increased that of urea. However, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferease, albumin, conjugated bilirubin, potassium and calcium levels of L3 and R3 were not statistically significant compared to the control. Simultaneously bilirubin concentration was increased significantly in L3 and R3. There were no significant differences in epididymal sperm analysis when compared to the control. Adverse histological changes were observed in both liver and kidney as well as in the brain. To conclude, N. oleander extracts have disturbed the levels of certain vital variables in rats at higher dose, in which caution should be taken during the use of this plant.
... Furthermore, no mortality was recorded in all groups during the twelve days. Other investigations reported that giving leaves of N. oleander in different concentrations to sheeps and mice induced intoxication symptoms [16,17]. Hence, changes in general behaviors have been used as the critical indicators for toxicity evaluation [10]. ...
... Histological features of R3 showed the presence of significant congestion in the hepatic veins (Fig. 2, D), but that of L3 demonstrated mild inflammatory cells, infiltration in the portal triads ( Fig. 2, G), and dilated hepatic veins with significant congestion (Fig. 2, H). Our observations are in agreement with other investigations [17] that observed the presence of leukocytes' infiltration, diffuse fatty vacuolation and hepatocyte necrosis in sheep treated with single dose (250 mg/kg) of N. oleander leaves. ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxic effects of Nerium oleander roots (R) and leaves (L) aqueous extract on Wistar rat. Serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological examination of liver, kidney and brain were assessed after twelve consecutive day's oral administration of N. oleander. The extracts of R1, R2, L1 and L2 induced no treatment-related adverse effects with regard to general behaviors, hematological, serum chemistry, epididymal sperm parameters and histological profiles of liver, kidney and brain. However, the higher doses (R3, L3) led to, diarrhea, weakness, anorexia, frequent urination, and nasal hemorrhage, with no mortality. The hematological data revealed a significant increase in the levels of hematocrit and platelets in both L3 and R3 compared to the control. However, these two extracts have not affected the level of RBC, hemoglobin, WBC, and lymphocytes, while the L3 has reduced the concentration of glucose and increased that of urea. However, triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferease, albumin, conjugated bilirubin, potassium and calcium levels of L3 and R3 were not statistically significant compared to the control. Simultaneously bilirubin concentration was increased significantly in L3 and R3. There were no significant differences in epididymal sperm analysis when compared to the control. Adverse histological changes were observed in both liver and kidney as well as in the brain. To conclude, N. oleander extracts have disturbed the levels of certain vital variables in rats at higher dose, in which caution should be taken during the use of this plant. Maarouf et al.; UPJOZ, 43(21): 40-50, 2022 41
... The experimental group was given sodium metabisulphite (1.2mg/kg mixed in 0.1ml corn oil) twice a week for 21 days through oral gavage, while the control group received 0.1ml of corn oil with the same time regime similar to experimental group. After completion of experimental period, all the animals were dissected to excise the intestine followed by histological sectioning, staining with H & E and microscopic analysis as described by Abbasi et al. (2014Abbasi et al. ( & 2018. ...
Background: Sodium metabisulfite (SM) is commonly used with varying concentrations as a preservative, sewage treatment chemical, and in other commercial consumer products etc. It is reported to pose series of health hazards affecting various vital organs. The current study was aimed to find histological alterations in the intestine with sub-chronic exposure of SM in albino mice. Materials and Methods: Ten mice were orally given SM (1.2 mg/kg mixed in 0.1 ml corn oil) for 21 days while ten mice were kept in the control group (no SM). All the mice were dissected, and small intestine pieces were excised and processed for histological sectioning and staining. Results: SM disrupts the outer wall of villi and microvilli of the small intestine. Moreover, a narrow lumen and few mitotic figures were seen in the intestinal glands. Conclusion: The results concludes that SM is a potential source of major organ’s defects and hence its usage should be lessened to improve the health status.
... All test subjects had ad libitum access to their peculiar diets and drinking water during 16 weeks of experimentation. For hematology, serology, and genomic expression studies dissection and processing of all test subjects were performed as described by Abbasi et al. [17]. ...
Background
Disproportionate fatty diet intake provokes hepatic lipid accumulation that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, triggering the embryonically conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in the adult liver. The present study incorporates exploring the impact of chronically administered unsaturated (D-1) and saturated (D-2) fat-enriched diets on hematological parameters, liver functioning, and lipid profile in the rat model. Besides, hepatohistology and real time gene expression analysis of Hh signaling pathway genes i.e., Shh, Ihh, Hhip, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were carried out.
Methods and results
Fifteen Rattus norvegicus (♂) of 200 ± 25 g weight were grouped into control, D-1, and D-2. Animals were fed on their respective diets for 16 weeks. Fatty diet intake resulted in neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, polycythemia, and macrocytosis in both experimental groups. Altered liver injury biomarkers, hypertriglyceridemia, and significantly increased very-low-density lipoprotein VLDL were also noted in both high-fat diet (HFD) groups as compared to control. Hepatohistological examination showed disrupted microarchitecture, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cellular necrosis, widened sinusoidal spaces, and microvesicular steatotic hepatocytes in D-1 and D-2. Collagen deposition in both HFD groups marks the extent of fibrosis. Significant upregulation of hedgehog pathway genes was found in fatty diet groups. In comparison with the control group, Shh Ihh, Hhip, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were upregulated in D-1. In D-2 Shh, Hhip, and Smo expressions were upregulated, Ihh exhibited downregulation as compared to control.
Conclusion
Excess fat deposits in liver due to chronic consumption of high-fat diet results in anomalous architecture and functioning.
Graphical abstract
High-fat diet induced significant variations in Hh pathway genes expression; especially Shh, Ihh, Hhip, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were upregulated. Infiltration of inflammatory cells (), widened sinusoidal spaces (▲), cellular necrosis, and micro vesicular steatotic hepatocytes (*) were shown in the liver. Significant collagen deposition in both HFD groups i.e. D-1 and D-2 confirmed liver fibrosis. Excessive intake of dietary fats impaired normal liver functioning and liver inflammation triggered Hh signaling in adult rats.
... After 16 weeks of high-fat diet supplementation, an equal ratio of ketamine and pyrogen-free water was administered intraperitoneally to anesthetize animals. Blood was drawn through direct cardiac puncture as described by Abbasi et al. [28]. After euthanizing, kidneys were removed in two portions: one part was formalin (10%) fixed for histochemical examination, and the other part was snap-frozen for gene expression analysis at -80°C summary figure. ...
Excessive consumption of dietary fats leads to the deposition of unnecessary metabolites and multiple organ damage. Lipids, important key regulators of Hedgehog signaling, are involved in triggering fibrotic chronic kidney disease. The present study encompasses the assessment of renal morphofunctional modifications and alteration of lipid metabolism influencing the changes in gene expression of hedgehog signaling pathway genes. Fifteen male Rattus norvegicus of 200 ± 25 grams weight were equally divided into three groups: control (standard rat chow), D-1 (unsaturated high-fat diet) and D-2 (saturated high-fat diet). Animals were provided with respective diets and were followed for 16 weeks. Both HFD-fed groups did not show overall body weight gain as compared to the control. While significant downregulation of hedgehog pathway genes was found in fatty diet groups. In comparison with the control group, Shh, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were downregulated after the consumption of both unsaturated and saturated fatty diets. Ihh and Smo exhibit a similar downregulation in the D-1 group, but an upregulation was detected in the D-2 group. D-2 group also had an increased serum urea concentration as compared to the control (P = 0.0023). Furthermore, renal histopathology revealed tubular necrosis, glomerular edema, glomerular shrinkage, and hypocellularity. Collagen deposition in both HFD groups marks the extent of fibrosis summary figure. Extravagant intake of dietary fats impaired normal kidney functioning and morphofunctionally anomalous kidney triggers on Hh signaling in adult rats. These anomalies can be linked to an escalated risk of chronic kidney disease in adults strongly recommending the reduced uptake of fatty diets to prevent impaired metabolism and renal lipotoxicity.
... For instance, mice liver toxicity induced by iron overload results in intracellular cascade of free-radical formation, including the highly-reactive hydroxyl radical through Haber-Weiss reaction, leading to biomolecular degradation and hepatocellular necrosis [101,102]. In contrast to the increased hepatic iron deposition in rats by a decoction of oleander leaves, in association with increased hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin mRNA expression [103], others have shown that oral supplementation of a polyphenol-rich (ellagic acid, methyl gallate, catechin, reserpine) oleander leaf methanolic extract dose-dependently (50-200 mg/kg BW) alleviated iron-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in mice by elevation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione levels [19]. Additionally, the extract not only restored normal hepatic architecture in vivo by attenuating histopathological signs of ballooning degeneration, inflammation and hepatocellular necrosis indicating a trend of restoration of normal cellular integrity; the methanolic extract also prevented free-radical mediated DNA breakage in vitro, indicating direct protection of biomolecules from free-radicals. ...
Nerium oleander L., commonly known as oleander, is a toxic shrub and also a medicinal plant. All parts of oleander are rich in cardiac glycosides that inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and induce inotropic effect on the cardiomyocytes. Several pre-clinical and clinical reports indicate acute toxicity due to intentional, accidental and suicidal oleander consumption. Contrarily, oleander is used for the treatment of diverse ailments in traditional medicinal practices around the globe and several evidence-based pre-clinical studies indicated metabolic and immunological health benefits of polyphenol-rich oleander extracts. Thus, the current review aims to address this pharmaco-toxicological conundrum of oleander by addressing the possible role of gut microflora in the differential oleander toxicity. Additionally, a comprehensive account of ethnopharmacological usage, metabolic and immunological health benefits has been documented that supplement the conflicting arguments of pharmaco-toxicological properties of oleander. Finally, by addressing the gap of knowledge of ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological reports of oleander, the current review is expected to pave the way to address the differential pharmaco-toxicological effects of oleander.
... Alveoli, alveolar sacs, and broncus were observed in section of the control lung tissue. 13 The aqueous decoction of leaves extract of N. oleander leaves extract (10 mL/kg) induced histopathological changes in the Wistar rats lung tissues including alterations in the pulmonary tissue with disruption of bronchus mucosal folds. Also, alveolar cells with extreme widening of lumen of the bronchiole and vascular lesions have been observed. ...
... Distinct bluish granules (ferritin) within hepatocytes 6 and 12 h after onset of acute phase response were observed. 13 The extracts of N. oleander flowers (33 mg/kg, b.w.) induced hydropic degenerations in the liver tissue. In addition, mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes was induced by plant flower extract. ...
Introduction
Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N. oleander is distributed originally in subtropical Asia but is now growing in many parts of the world, such as the United States, Australia, China, and Middle East countries. Pharmacological effects of plant including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity were reported, but the potential toxic effects of all parts of the shrub either fresh or dried on animal and human body were documented.
Method
The data of this review article were obtained from Medline/Pubmed, Scopusand Google Scholar databases in English until September 2019. To include all publications in this field, keywords such as N. oleander and toxicity were used.
Results
The poisoning effects of plant or their active alkaloids induced infiltration of cells with hemorrhage and sever negative changes in the lung, induce lesions, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver, cardiac toxicity of the plant in the heart were included, induced varying degrees of hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, and necrosis. It also induced arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, and prolonged P-R interval in electrocardiographic records.
Conclusions
The toxic effects of N. oleander are mostly related to its inhibitory effects on the Na ⁺ -K ⁺ ATPase pump in the cellular membrane. However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in the toxicity of N. oleander is not clear.
... Alveoli, alveolar sacs, and broncus were observed in section of the control lung tissue. 13 The aqueous decoction of leaves extract of N. oleander leaves extract (10 mL/kg) induced histopathological changes in the Wistar rats lung tissues including alterations in the pulmonary tissue with disruption of bronchus mucosal folds. Also, alveolar cells with extreme widening of lumen of the bronchiole and vascular lesions have been observed. ...
... Distinct bluish granules (ferritin) within hepatocytes 6 and 12 h after onset of acute phase response were observed. 13 The extracts of N. oleander flowers (33 mg/kg, b.w.) induced hydropic degenerations in the liver tissue. In addition, mononuclear cell infiltration in the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes was induced by plant flower extract. ...
Some plants that were frequently grown in public city areas showed cardiotoxicity effects. The data of this review article were obtained from MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar until December 2019. The following keywords Aconitum, Datura stramonium, Nerium oleander, and cardiotoxicity were used. The toxic effects of plants induce changes in hematological indicators such as red blood cell and white blood cell, varying degrees of hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration and necrosis. They also lowered systolic blood pressure and induced bradycardia and tachycardia in some cases, reduce blood pressure and increased pulse rate. These plants induced hematological and electrolyte changes, arrhythmia induction, sinus bradycardia, prolonged P–R and QRS interval, electrocardiographic and pathological changes in the heart.
