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The species of the genus Helix Linnaeus, 1758 from the eastern part of Europe and
Near East are revised. Based on the investigation of thousands of shells and more
than 100 preserved specimens, 29 species are recognised as valid for this area, for
which more than 250 validly described names are available. The type specimens for
almost all valid nom...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... ( Fig. 23): This is a Helix species with an enormously large dis- tribution area, inhabiting Central Europe northwards to Scandinavia and Eng- land, and expanding to large parts of Eastern Europe including the Baltic coun- tries, Poland and larger parts of the Ukraine. It is considered to be introduced to several localities in SE Ukraine and some ...
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... m alt., 21.5.2011, NMBE 523311/3; Kranidi 1.5 km in direction to Ermioni, 37.3742 23.1762, 11.10.1986; eastern boundary of Vivarion, 10.10.1986, HAUS (1); quarry opposite to Kilada, 37.4133 23.1253Kilada, 37.4133 23. , 11.10.1986, HAUS (1); Ermioni 1.2 km in direction to Kranidi, 37.3846 23.2329, 11.10.1986; slope at the road Ag. Triada in direc- Fig. 231 NMBE 512669, Mistros, situs 43.1; Fig. 232, ditto, Diagnosis: shell small, thin, spherical, protoconch small, teleoconch smooth with coarse axial riblets, aperture always white; flagellum as long as epiphal- lus+penis, long diverticulum exceeding bursa copulatrix in ...
Context 3
... organs (Figs 231-232): penis club-shaped, epiphallus considerably longer than penis; flagellum as long as epiphallus+penis; mrp attaching in a subterminal position on the epiphallus; internally, pp1 smaller than pp2, penial chamber long, filled with numerous minute ring-like folds, both papil- lae conical with a central perforation; atrial stimulator a rounded knob; female system with a very short vaginal tube, dart sac strongly developed, glandulae mucosae with a thick and short basic stem and a few short tubules, glandulae mucosae shorter than dart sac; pedunculus stem long, with a long diverticulum branching off in the upper third of pedunculus and exceeding bursa copulatrix in length, bursa copulatrix stem shorter than pedunculus stem, vesicle rounded and bent downwards. ...
Context 4
... (Fig. 233): This species is widespread in Greece, and also reaches the northern slopes of the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria; how- ever, its northern distribution boundaries are not known because of probable confusions with species living syntopic like H. philibinensis and H. pomacella. Hudec & Vasatko (1973: 30, Abb. 28) illustrate the genital ...
Citations
... schiLeyKo 2006, neuBert 2014, KóraBeK et al. 2015, Psonis et al. 2015. According to neuBert (2014), the most recent and undoubtedly the most detailed review of the genus in the eastern Mediterranean, the large, dark-lipped shells on Rhodes belong to H. fathallae and not to H. cincta, which constitute two closely related taxa(neuBert 2014, KóraBeK et al. 2015. ...
... schiLeyKo 2006, neuBert 2014, KóraBeK et al. 2015, Psonis et al. 2015. According to neuBert (2014), the most recent and undoubtedly the most detailed review of the genus in the eastern Mediterranean, the large, dark-lipped shells on Rhodes belong to H. fathallae and not to H. cincta, which constitute two closely related taxa(neuBert 2014, KóraBeK et al. 2015. ...
Rhodes, Symi and Chalki are three islands with different characteristics in the southeastern part of the Aegean Sea. In this work, we present their complete land snail fauna based on recent survey, samples from the collections of the Natural History Museum of Crete and a thorough bibliographic review. We report 67 land snail species from Rhodes, 34 species from Symi, and 32 from Chalki, with 4, 20 and 9 new records for each island, respectively. Also, one species has been added to the malacofauna of Greece, while many names, which were mentioned mainly in the 19th century, have been clarified, synonymised or abolished from the lists of the islands. Our results once again demonstrate the importance of the reproductive system as a tool for reliable assessment of the taxonomy of Aegean land snails, and that sampling during the rainy season should be the preferred methodological approach for collecting land snails in the Greek islands.
... is a genus of large land snails including more than 30 species distributed in Europe, the Caucasus, the Middle East, and northern Africa. It has recently been the subject of extensive taxonomic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic studies (Neubert 2014, Korábek et al. 2015, Psonis et al. 2015, Fiorentino et al. 2016, and its diversity is now fairly well known, often to the intraspecific level. Despite the recent revisions, the last species currently considered valid was described in 1939 (Neubert 2014), indicating that this is a well-studied group with complete species records. ...
... It has recently been the subject of extensive taxonomic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic studies (Neubert 2014, Korábek et al. 2015, Psonis et al. 2015, Fiorentino et al. 2016, and its diversity is now fairly well known, often to the intraspecific level. Despite the recent revisions, the last species currently considered valid was described in 1939 (Neubert 2014), indicating that this is a well-studied group with complete species records. ...
... Their shells resemble Helix escherichi O. Boettger, 1898, a species that was placed in the Anatolian clade of H. (Helix) in the phylogenetic analyses of Korábek et al. (2015). However, Kayseri is more than 300 km away from the known range of this species on the western Anatolian plateau (Neubert 2014). The combination of colouration, shell sculpture, white aperture margins, and shape of the columellar region of the specimens from Kayseri also resemble some Maltzanella individuals (Schütt 1976). ...
Helix escherichi O. Boettger, 1898 from western Anatolia is a poorly known species that was placed in the Anatolian Helix (Helix) clade in previous phylogenetic analyses. We sequenced additional individuals, but these were found to belong to Maltzanella P. Hesse, 1917, the sister genus of Helix. Examination of the type materials and the largest set of shells to date, as well as anatomical studies,
revealed that 2 different species have been confused under the name H. escherichi in the past. While the true H. escherichi is actually a member of Maltzanella, the previously sequenced specimens represent a hitherto undescribed species, here named Helix (Helix) ankae sp. nov. We discuss the morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships between Maltzanella, Helix (Pelasga), Helix (Helix) and propose a new subgenus, Aegaeohelix subgen. nov. for Helix godetiana Kobelt, 1878.
... Nei cesti adibiti alla vendita ripieni di questi elicidi vivi e mantenuti in attività da una costante umidità, in almeno tre occasioni (1980, 1989 e 2004) sono stati osservati anche alcuni esemplari vivi di Helix melanostoma Draparnaud, 1801. L'Helix melanostoma è un altro elicide edule diffuso in Francia, Marocco, Algeria, Tunisia e Malta (Neubert, 2014;Bank, 2017;Bank R.A. & Neubert E., 2020) ma introdotta anche in Spagna (Martínez-Ortí & Robles, 2003) e Italia (Hallgass & Vannozzi, 2010;Vuolo, 2010;Cianfanelli & Bodon, 2014). È specie termofila molto comune soprattutto nella vicina Tunisia dove si rinviene in quasi tutti gli ambienti naturali e antropizzati (Sparacio, 2018;Sparacio et al., 2019). ...
Alleryana 38 (2) p. 127-133 luglio-dic. 2020 novembre 2020 Riassunto La possibilità che le numerose attività dell'uomo possa-no facilitare l'introduzione di specie alloctone è un feno-meno noto e ha coinvolto, nei secoli, numerose specie animali e vegetali che si trovano, ai nostri giorni, lontano dal loro originario areale. Una di queste attività è il commercio dei molluschi terre-stri eduli praticato fin dall'antichità con lo spostamento di popolazioni viventi da una regione all'altra. Nel presente lavoro, sono riportate e documentate alcu-ne nuove e brevi osservazioni effettuate nei mercati sici-liani, in particolare della città di Palermo, sul commercio dei Molluschi terrestri eduli e le conseguenti implicazio-ni tassonomiche e faunistiche. Parole chiave Molluschi terrestri eduli, attività umane, specie allocto-ne, distribuzione geografica. Abstract [Short faunistic observations on the edible land snails trade in Sicily] The possibility that the numerous human activities can facilitate the introduction of alien species is known and has involved, over the centuries, numerous animal and plant species that are nowadays far from their original distribution area. One of these activities is the trade in edible terrestrial snails practiced since ancient times with the movement of living populations from one region to another. In the present work, some observations made in the Sicilian markets, and in the city of Palermo in particular , on the trade of edible terrestrial snails are reported and documented and brief considerations are made on their taxonomic and faunal implications. Introduzione Il problema delle specie alloctone, inserite in un ambien-te e in un areale diverso dall'originale, è stato da sempre facilitato e accentuato dalla presenza dell'uomo e delle sue attività. Il commercio, e quindi lo spostamento di merci da un paese all'altro, è stato, ed è ancora, una delle attività principalmente collegate a questo fenomeno. Per i molluschi terrestri, oltre allo spostamento passivo delle varie specie da un regione all'altra con le merci, più o meno casualmente, va considerato anche un trasporto attivo legato al commercio di alcune specie di esse per uso alimentare che avranno, quindi, maggiori possibilità di acclimatarsi nei paesi di destinazione, come già suc-cesso in diversi paesi del mondo. La facilità nella raccolta e/o nell'allevamento e le ottime proprietà nutritive sono le principali caratteristiche che hanno decretato il successo di alcune specie di molluschi terrestri nell'alimentazione dell'uomo fin dalla preisto-ria. Nell'area euro-mediterranea, per esempio, gli antichi Greci e i Romani le consumavano abitualmente come ci-bo e attribuivano a queste specie eduli anche proprietà mediche e afrodisiache. Citando qualche esempio, nel "De Re Coquinaria" di Marco Gavio Apicio (I secolo a.C.-I secolo d.C.) viene spiegato come bisogna ripulire le conchiglie (con latte e sale) prima di consumarle e vengono descritte quattro ricette per cucinarle. Nel Satyricon di Petronio (I secolo d.C.), il protagonista Encolpio, insieme a Gitone e Ascito, riceve l'invito a un banchetto organizzato nella casa del ricco Trimalcione e in un brano di quest'opera viene raccontato come il cuo-co servì "delle chiocciole su una graticola d'argento". Plinio il Vecchio, nella sua "Naturalis Historia" (77-78 d.C.), racconta di come i ricchi romani mangiassero le chiocciole provenienti da specifici allevamenti ("coclea-ri") realizzati su idea di Fulvio Lippino (nel 49 a.C.) che le importava anche da altre regioni. Anche Ateneo di Naucrati (II-III sec. d.C.) parla di que
... It is also present in the northern promontory of this mountain ridge (Bouaziz-Yahiatene et al., 2019). It is also noted that three species are present at all sampling stations, namely, Cornu aspersum which is a species of Mediterranean origin (Welter-Schultes, 2012), colonizing various environments, particularly entropized environments as well as agricultural environments (Neubert, 2014;Ballard et al., 2021), and Xerosecta cespitum and Cernuella virgata, which have a Mediterranean distribution and are considered the most abundant, colonizing open, xeric, and sunny habitats (Arrébola, 1995;Welter-Schultes, 2012). In conclusion, in the regions of Tizi-Ouzou and Bouira, 29 species of terrestrial mollusks belonging to 25 genera and 19 families were identified. ...
The snail and slug fauna of the Kabylia region (Bouira and Tizi-Ouzou) was studied during the years 2018/2019 and 2020/2021, focusing on seven stations belonging to three altitudinal levels (low, middle, and high altitude). A total of 5111 individuals were collected and 29 species were identified, with confirmation of the existence of Leiostyla anglica in the Kabylia region. Our results showed that altitude has a significant effect on the distribution and abundance of terrestrial gastropods in the study area – the low-altitude sites had the highest number of species (S = 21), while the high-altitude sites had the lowest species richness (S = 10).
... Cornu aspersum is present only as an alien species in North Macedonia (Cvetkovska-Gjorgievska et al. 2019). The native range of H. lucorum covers Balkan Peninsula, Asia Minor to Iran (Neubert 2014). However, its values as a bioindicator has not been assessed so far. ...
Heavy metal pollution of the environment is especially apparent within or around urban areas and around industrial facilities. This paper deals with the concentration of zinc, copper, manganese and cadmium in the soil, leaves of fodder plants and in the body parts of the Turkish snail (H. lucorum). The study included ten localities, arranged in four groups, situated in and around the city of Skopje. The first group consisted of five urban localities that were in the central city area. The second group included two suburban localities. The third group consisted of two rural sites. The fourth group represented one site that was located away from the metropolitan area (control site). Soils, leaves of four plant species (Cardaria draba, Lamium purpureum, Rumex crispus and Taraxacum officinale) and a sample of 10 adult snails were collected from each locality. Heavy metals content was determined by wet combustion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Digestive gland was an organ with the highest amount of all heavy metals and with proven bioaccumulation for Zn and Cd; it showed a prominent correlation with soil concentrations for the four heavy metals but not with the examined plant species. The foot and shell of the snails had limited indicator values since they exhibited weak correlation with soil concentrations of Cu and Mn.
... The investigated species are the most widespread edible snails in Montenegro [14], and therefore important for human consumption. Regarding the growing interest in edible snails as a potential group of alternative foods, the determination of the factors that affect the content of metals is gaining in importance. ...
The objective of the present study is to determine the differences between the mineral content of various organs of Helix vladika and H. secernenda, the two most abundant edible snail species in Montenegro. The bioaccumulation of 12 examined elements (zinc, manganese, copper, aluminum, cadmium, lead, nickel, iron, chromium, lithium, selenium and mercury) was determined in the hepatopancreas, albumen gland, digestive tract, reproductive system, mantle, foot and shell from three sampling sites (Biogradska Gora, Nikšić and Malesija). The examined populations of H. vladika and H. secernenda showed a significant difference in their lithium and selenium contents. The levels of the most examined metals (Zn, Mn, Cu, Al, Cd, Pb, Se and Hg) varied significantly among organs. The digestive tract and hepatopancreas tend to bioaccumulate selenium and cadmium. The general mean concentration of cadmium in the examined snail tissues exceeded the maximum allowable level at the Biogradska Gora and Malesija sites. Therefore, the use of the Montenegrin edible snails collected from the wilderness for human consumption seems to be limited by their higher bioaccumulation capacity for toxic elements such as cadmium.
... The species, for which a neotype was recently fixed (Giusti et al., 2015), is native to the northern Levant (Korábek et al., 2021), but was introduced to the northern Adriatic basin in ancient times (cf. Welter-Schultes, 2012;Neubert, 2014). Linnaeus, 1758Mienis, 1988cBeckmann, 1992 sub Helix lucorum; Giusti et al., 1995sub Helix lucorum. ...
The first record in Malta, and the second record in Europe, of the tropical terrestrial gastropod Paropeas achatinaceum (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) is presented, with an annotated bibliography of the allochthonous (and non-marine) gastropod fauna hitherto recorded from the Maltese archipelago.
... Recently Neubert (2014) remarks how Pfeiffer (1859) did not describe a new species but tried to redefine the white-mouthed Helix nucula Mousson, 1854 (locus typicus: Smyrna = Izmir, Turkey) using specimens from Alexandria (Egypt), which belonged to a different species with dark-mouthed shell. Neubert (2014), therefore, proposes the name H. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879 (locus typicus "Messarà", Crete, Greece) for the dark-mouthed Helix living in Crete, some East Aegean islands (Greece), Northern Egypt, Northern Libya and Southeast Tunisia. ...
... Recently Neubert (2014) remarks how Pfeiffer (1859) did not describe a new species but tried to redefine the white-mouthed Helix nucula Mousson, 1854 (locus typicus: Smyrna = Izmir, Turkey) using specimens from Alexandria (Egypt), which belonged to a different species with dark-mouthed shell. Neubert (2014), therefore, proposes the name H. pronuba Westerlund & Blanc, 1879 (locus typicus "Messarà", Crete, Greece) for the dark-mouthed Helix living in Crete, some East Aegean islands (Greece), Northern Egypt, Northern Libya and Southeast Tunisia. Subsequently, these two Helix species were morphologically differentiated by as follows: ...
... Taxonomical references are based on Mollusca-Base (2022). The anatomical study follows what was proposed by Neubert (2014). ...
New morphological and anatomical data on some populations of Helix (Helix) pronuba Westerlund, 1879 (Gastropoda Helicidae) are provided. In particular, the populations from North Africa are examined morphologically and compared with the topotype from Crete (Greece). The genital organs of a population of Libya are also described.
... The members of Helicini are medium-to large-sized land snails (greatest shell dimension ca 2-6 cm, e.g., [10,11]). The tribe is naturally distributed in the Western Palaearctic (ca. ...
... In the case of the European clade of Helix, there was a strong support for a root between Helix lutescens and the remainder in the backbone analysis ( Figure S3). Helix lutescens is the only species in the clade which does not live in the Balkans [10] and lives syntopically with other members of the clade without any sign of past or present hybridization (own observations). Therefore, we consider this rooting very likely; it also appeared in earlier analysis with an outgroup [37]. ...
... The first nearly complete molecular phylogeny of the genus distinguished four major clades and four unassigned species within the genus [23]. Neubert [10] recognized only two subgenera based on morphology of the genital system, Helix and Pelasga P. Hesse, 1908, but whether Helix is monophyletic in respect to Pelasga remains still unclear due to unresolved relationships between major groups within the genus. ...
Sequences of mitochondrial genes revolutionized the understanding of animal diversity and continue to be an important tool in biodiversity research. In the tribe Helicini, a prominent group of the western Palaearctic land snail fauna, mitochondrial data accumulating since the 2000s helped to newly delimit genera, inform species-level taxonomy and reconstruct past range dynamics. We combined the published data with own unpublished sequences and provide a detailed overview of what they revealed about the diversity of the group. The delimitation of Helix is revised by placing Helix godetiana back in the genus and new synonymies are suggested within the genera Codringtonia and Helix. The spatial distribution of intraspecific mitochondrial lineages of several species is shown for the first time. Comparisons between species reveal considerable variation in distribution patterns of intraspecific lineages, from broad postglacial distributions to regions with a fine-scale pattern of allopatric lineage replacement. To provide a baseline for further research and information for anyone re-using the data, we thoroughly discuss the gaps in the current dataset, focusing on both taxonomic and geographic coverage. Thanks to the wealth of data already amassed and the relative ease with which they can be obtained, mitochondrial sequences remain an important source of information on intraspecific diversity over large areas and taxa.
... In its distribution area, this species is common in coastal Mediterranean climate ecosystems including Algeria and Tunisia (Roubet and Hachi 2008;Neubert 2014). In the Kebir-Rhumel basin, this species has been detected at the following stations: Bellaa (8), Tadjenanet (9), Chelghoum Laïd (10), Oued Seguen (12), Ain Smara (13), Berla -Ain Smara (14), Chaba Melguechaah (15), Sigus (16), Mechta Ali Ben Taib (17) and El Ancer (28). ...
This study constitutes a first attempt at a qualitative and quantitative inventory of land snails from the Kebir-Rhumel basin, in the northeast of Algeria. Sampling was carried out by hand from February to March in 2018 and 2019. Live snails and shells were collected from 30 stations along wadi banks. Identification followed the most recent specialized taxonomic literature and revisions. A total of 6531 specimens were collected, representing 25 species: Tudorella sulcata (Draparnaud, 1805), Rumina decollata (Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, C. 1758. “Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.” Holmiae: Stockholm. [Google Scholar]), Rumina saharica (Pallary, 1901), Ferussacia carnea (Risso, 1826), Ferussacia folliculum (Schröter, 1784), Mauronapaeus terverii (Dupotet in E. A. Forbes, 1838), Mastus pupa (Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, C. 1758. “Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.” Holmiae: Stockholm. [Google Scholar]), Cantareus cf. koraegaelius (Bourguignat in Locard, 1882), Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774), Cornu sp., Eobania constantina (E. Forbes, 1838), Eobania vermiculata (O. F. Müller, 1774), Helix melanostoma (Draparnaud, 1801), Massylaea massylaea (Morelet, 1851), Cernuella cf. virgata (da Costa, 1778), Cochlicella acuta (O. F. Müller, 1774), Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758 Linnaeus, C. 1758. “Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.” Holmiae: Stockholm. [Google Scholar]), Trochoidea pyramidata (Draparnaud, 1805), Xerosecta cespitum (Draparnaud, 1801), Xerosecta sp., Ganula flava (Terver, 1839), Sphincterochila candidissima (Draparnaud, 1801), Sphincterochila otthiana (E. Forbes, 1838), Sphincterochila sp. and Caracollina lenticula (Michaud, 1831). Typical specimens are illustrated and described with a detailed report of their distribution along the basin’s wadis.
