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Starting from simple notions of paper folding, a review of current challenges regarding folds and structures is presented. A special focus is dedicated to folded tessellations which are raising interest from the scientific community. Finally, the different mechanical modeling of folded structures are investigated. This reveals efficient application...
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Fusion of origami based design thickness accommodation methods for thick materials foldability.
Citations
... The physical realization of transformable origamilike structures requires, in addition to kinematical considerations for the folding/deploying process, reliable predictions regarding stiffness and strength under external loads, as well as taking into account the effect of imperfections. Numerous studies addressed these tasks for thin origami structures [19], i.e., those obtained by folding a thin continuum layer of material: simulation procedures for rigid and non-rigid origami folding were proposed by several authors [20][21][22][23][24], while mechanical models adopting various stick-andspring idealizations [25] were proposed in [7,[26][27][28][29][30][31]. ...
Thick origami structures are considered here as assemblies of polygonal panels hinged to each other along their edges according to a corresponding origami crease pattern. The determination of the internal actions in equilibrium with the external loads in such structures is not an easy task, owing to their high degree of static indeterminacy, and the likelihood of unwanted self-balanced internal actions induced by manufacturing imperfections. Here, we present a method for reducing the degree of static indeterminacy which can be applied to several thick origami structures to make them isostatic. The method utilizes sliding hinges, which allow relative translation along the hinge axis, to replace conventional hinges. After giving the analytical description of both types of hinges and describing a rigid folding simulation procedure based on the integration of the exponential map, we present the static analysis of a series of noteworthy examples based on the Miura-ori pattern, the Yoshimura pattern, and the Kresling pattern. Our method, based on kinematic-static duality, provides a novel design paradigm that can be applied for the design and realization of thick origami structures with adequate strength to resist external actions.
... Moreover, space structures must be lightweight and compact during launch, while being deployable in space to maximize the surface area. Therefore, the most relevant applications of space origami are deployable space arrays and antennas (Miura and Natori 1985;Lang 2004;Häuplik et al.;Lebée 2015). To this end, it is necessary to develop models and analysis methods to allow for the understanding and computational implementation of their kinematics and mechanics. ...
Origami structures exhibit desirable stowage properties for application in deployable space structures. This work aims to improve a design methodology for origami structures using topology optimization. The objective is to find the optimal configuration of the truss structure based on axial rigidity and the crease pattern that maximizes the displacement at set locations, under prescribed forces and boundary conditions. First, a linear method is used to determine small strains and small rotations to evaluate the performance at the initiation of folding. Subsequently, a nonlinear method is implemented to consider large displacements and large rotations. To carry out the optimization process, constraints on the number of active fold lines and on the axial rigidity distribution are applied. Previous studies on topology optimization of origami structures have focused on folding and bending in their analyses. Here, it is shown that including axial rigidity as a design variable leads to new and promising origami designs.
... The physical realization of transformable origami-like structures requires to obtain reliable predictions regarding the folding/deploying process and the stiffness and strength under external loads. Numerous studies addressed these tasks for thin origami structures [12], i.e., those obtained by folding a thin continuum layer of material: simulation procedures for rigid and non-rigid origami folding were proposed by several authors [13][14][15][16][17], while mechanical models adopting various Stick-and-Spring idealizations [18] were proposed in [5, [19][20][21][22][23][24]. ...
Thick origami structures are considered here as assemblies of polygonal panels hinged to each other along their edges according to a corresponding origami crease pattern. The determination of the internal actions caused by external loads in such structures is not an easy task, owing to their high degree of static indeterminacy, and the likelihood of unwanted self-balanced internal actions induced by manufacturing imperfections. Here we present a method for reducing the degree of static indeterminacy which can be applied to several thick origami structures to make them isostatic. The method utilizes sliding hinges, which permit also the relative translation along the hinge axis, to replace conventional hinges. After giving the analytical description of both types of hinges and describing a rigid folding simulation procedure based on the integration of the exponential map, we present the static analysis of a series of noteworthy examples based on the Miura-ori pattern, the Yoshimura pattern, and the Kresling pattern. The method can be applied for the design and realization of thick origami structures with adequate strength to resist external actions.
... While Now, with developments in computer-aided design and manufacturing, curved-crease folds are no longer limited to paper sculpture art but have expanded into design and architectural examples with materials like thin metal sheets being used as shell structures utilizing forms as structural components. Computational simulation tools like finite element modeling and visual programming also enabled designers to create folded shapes in the digital space and observe deformations before actual manufacturing [12]. However, due to the cumbersome nature of the process of simulation, preliminary design changes often involve a to-and-fro exchange of information between physical models and digital counterparts [13]. ...
... Now, with developments in computer-aided design and manufacturing, curvedcrease folds are no longer limited to paper sculpture art but have expanded into design and architectural examples with materials like thin metal sheets being used as shell structures utilizing forms as structural components. Computational simulation tools like finite element modeling and visual programming also enabled designers to create folded shapes in the digital space and observe deformations before actual manufacturing [12]. However, due to the cumbersome nature of the process of simulation, preliminary design changes often involve a to-and-fro exchange of information between physical models and digital counterparts [13]. ...
Fascinating 3D shapes arise when a thin planar sheet is folded without stretching, tearing or cutting. The elegance amplifies when the fold/crease is changed from a straight line to a curve, due to the association of plastic deformation via folding and elastic deformation via bending. This results in the curved crease working as a hinge support providing deployability to the surface which is of significant interest in industrial engineering and architectural design. Consequently, finding a stable form of curved crease becomes pivotal in the development of deployable structures. This work proposes a novel way to evaluate such curves by taking inspiration from biomimicry. For this purpose, growth mechanism in plants was observed and an analogous model was developed to create a discrete curve of fold. A parametric model was developed for digital construction of the folded models. Test cases were formulated to compare the behavior of different folded models under various loading conditions. A simplified way to visualize the obtained results is proposed using visual programming tools. The models were further translated into physical prototypes with the aid of 3D printing, hybrid and cured-composite systems, where different mechanisms were adopted to achieve the folds. The prototypes were further tested under constrained boundary and compressive loading conditions, with results validating the analytical model.
... Origami is a combination of the Japanese words 'oru' (fold) and 'kami' (paper). In architecture, origami-based designs are examined through patterns, such as Miura, Resch or egg-box (Lebée, 2015). Practical and theoretical studies are carried out on these crease patterns (Osório et al., 2014;Beatini & Korkmaz, 2013). ...
Temporary houses are needed for the rehabilitation phase, which emerges a few weeks after the disaster and lasts until the finish of permanent houses. It is practically difficult to construct temporary houses in a short period. In particular, there are technical problems related to the logistics and installation speed. Therefore, the deployability feature, which can speed up the process, comes to the fore in this context. In this study, three examples with different deployment directions, which could be deployed in one, two and four directions, were examined regarding their capacity, storage and transportation, area per user and effective land utilization. Selected examples from the literature were compared according to the performances. As a result of this study, each example came to the fore in different performances. In this way, the advantages and disadvantages of each system were shown.
... In recent years, origami structures, which have been proposed to satisfy the requirements of a wide range of industrial felds, have been studied from the basic viewpoints of geometry and mechanics [23][24][25][26][27]. Among these, the tubular origami structure, which can be freely folded along the axial direction, has the potential to be applied instead of the conventional metal cylinder-type damper. ...
Cylindrical hydraulic dampers used to reduce impacts and vibrations typically have linear strokes. In this study, a new arc-shaped stroke-type origami hydraulic damper with a nonlinear damping performance was proposed. By examining the damping effect of the origami hydraulic damper, the damping force was found to be proportional to the square of the motion velocity. A nonlinear dynamics governing equation was established using the derived formula for the damping force of the origami hydraulic damper, and a numerical analysis using the Runge–Kutta method was established. An impact test device with an arc-shaped stroke was developed, and the error between the numerical analysis value of the impact displacement and the measured experimental value was confirmed to be sufficiently small. An impact verification experiment confirmed that the damping effect of the origami hydraulic damper increases with the input energy of the impact. By varying the diameter of the orifice hole, which is an important design factor for an origami hydraulic damper, the damping effect of the origami hydraulic damper was found to increase as the diameter of the orifice hole decreased. To examine the effect of the type of hydraulic oil inside the origami hydraulic damper, water and edible oil were used to conduct impact verification experiments, and it was found that the effect on the impact damping effect was relatively small.
... Paper folding, known as origami, is no longer limited to craft activities [1][2][3] . Origami design principles are now extended to art 4 , science 5 , engineering 6 , architecture 7 , and further to industry 8,9 , because of the fascinating deployable nature of origami architectures, despite the origins of materials used for their construction. The list of origami applications in technology is rapidly growing, as exemplified by solar cells 10 , foldable and flexible electronics 11 , lithium-ion batteries 12 , and biomedical devices [13][14][15] . ...
Origami, known as paper folding has become a fascinating research topic recently. Origami-inspired materials often establish mechanical properties that are difficult to achieve in conventional materials. However, the materials based on origami tessellation at the molecular level have been significantly underexplored. Herein, we report a two-dimensional (2D) porphyrinic metal-organic framework (MOF), self-assembled from Zn nodes and flexible porphyrin linkers, displaying folding motions based on origami tessellation. A combined experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrated the origami mechanism of the 2D porphyrinic MOF, whereby the flexible linker acts as a pivoting point. The discovery of the 2D tessellation hidden in the 2D MOF unveils origami mechanics at the molecular level.
... This research looks specifically at a subset of curved crease folding that will be referred to in this paper as "sectional mirrors", also commonly referred to as "reflecting creases" (Demaine et al. 2018) or "curved folding from mirroring operations" (Lebee 2015). While studied extensively, there is not much advancement in understanding the consequential tectonic effects at the architectural scale in the fields of origami and curved crease folding, specifically, on the tectonic translation on modes of habitability and type (materiality, proportion, and structure). ...
... Recently, the study of mechanical properties of sub-constructions [49] has added even more complexity to this problem. Rigid-foldable discrete surfaces or origami is an active research area [50]. Integrating such methods in a mixed reality sketchbook could make flexible quad-surfaces accessible for designers. ...
In the context of digitalization in the industry, a variety of technologies has been developed for system integration and enhanced team collaboration in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Multidisciplinary design requirements are characterized by a high degree of complexity. Early design methods often rely on implicit or experiential design knowledge, whereas contemporary digital design tools mostly reflect domain-specific silo thinking with time-consuming iterative design processes. Yet, the early design stages hold the greatest potential for design optimization. This paper presents a framework of a multidisciplinary computational integration platform for early design stages that enables integration of AEC domain-specific methods from architecture, engineering, mathematics and computer science. The platform couples a semantic integrative mixed reality sketching application to a shape inference machine-learning based algorithm to link methods for different computation, simulation and digital fabrication tasks. A proof of concept of the proposed framework is presented for the use case of a freeform geometry wall. Future research will explore the potential of the framework to be extended to larger building projects with the aim to connect the method into BIM-processes.KeywordsIntegrated DesignEarly Design StageMixed Reality SketchingShape InferenceComputational DesignIntegration PlatformDigital Fabrication
... Origami can be utilized in a wide range from space exploration to textile, from medicine to industrial design in spite of its traditional roots (Kuribayashi et al., 2006;Tachi, 2010a;Zirbel et al., 2013). Origami designs came to the fore in the world of architecture with Joseph Albers and his courses in Bauhaus (Lebée, 2015). Nowadays, different approaches can be observed in this technique from basic accordion walls to complex folding systems (Osório et al., 2014). ...
... Since research projects have generally niche topics and there is a limited number of studies dealing with the subject holistically, it becomes difficult to develop a broad perspective in the mind of a reader. Also, existing studies deal with the subject from a review and retrospective framework (Lebée, 2015). For this reason, folding systems have been basically classified to make the subject more understandable for designers. ...
In the past three or four decades, scientists working in computer science, physics and mathematics have had significant research studies on origami. Currently, most of the articles and books that can be reached by designers or architects describe and deal with the subject through mathematical expressions. It does not seem possible for a reader who is not related to mathematics to understand what is explained in articles and books. Therefore, folding systems have been basically classified to make the subject more understandable for designers. Examples of kinetic architectural products that act with origami principles were evaluated through folding and building hierarchy concepts. The matrix has been generated to visualize the distribution of the characteristics and to display architectural tendencies. By the visualization of data, it becomes possible to examine the potential outputs of desired folding technique on the existing projects. Thus, the matrix guides designers to select a folding technique that meets the function. It can be mentioned that the proposed method can be attributed as a novel perspective for predesign phase of origami-based elements. Thanks to the matrix, the areas that have not been studied in architectural applications such as flexible foldings are demonstrated. Also, the relationship between building concept levels and movement motivations such as configuration and compactness has been revealed by the study. The findings and the matrix demonstrate that there are still many possibilities that can be studied.
