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Space heating cost allocation according to actual consumption can be one possible motivating factor for saving energy in residential and other buildings. As a consequence of the exclusion of a certain number of users in collective housing units from the central heating supply system in the city of Skopje, the problem of heating cost allocation and...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... characteristics of building elements are determined with the heat transfer coefficients. The values of the heat transfer rates for the modeled referent building surfaces are presented in Table 1. The selected heat transfer coefficients (U values) for the construction structures of the older buildings envelope (hereinafter referred to as "uninsulated building") were selected so as to comply with the most used structures of the characteristic compartments of the existing buildings in the City of Skopje. ...Context 2
... analysis has been conducted on two energy performance scenarios, "isolated" and "nonisolated", for the same physical model of the referent multi-apartment building, previously defined with data given in Tables 1 and 2. The aim of the analysis was to determine and quantify the parameters affecting the heat transfer rate and the amount of heat exchanged between the apartments. ...Similar publications
In this paper, a modified analytical solution for time-dependent one dimension heat diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinate had been mathematically solved to calculate the temperature distribution through thick-walled weapon barrel subjected to successive shots. The analytical solution has been compared with experimental measurements for the t...
Citations
... Apartment blocks offer another illustration of the complexities of the energy efficiency measurement in buildings [66]. Apartments kept at lower temperatures during cold months will receive heat flow from adjacent apartments kept at a higher temperature. ...
Energy efficiency is, in principle, a simple idea: an output of human value, for example, vehicle-km traveled, divided by the needed input energy. Efficiency improvements are regarded as an important means of mitigating not only climate change, but also other environmental problems. Despite the vast number of articles published on energy efficiency, a few people question whether it is a useful or accurate measure in its present form; nearly all papers are either engineering studies, or address barriers to efficiency improvements. This review addresses this issue via a critical review of the literature, including not only papers on energy efficiency, but those on adjacent areas of research that can help broaden the scope, both geographically and conceptually. These shortcomings are illustrated in case studies of buildings/cities and road passenger transport. The main findings of this review are that (1) energy efficiency inevitably has an ethical dimension, as well as a technical one, in that feedbacks are more widespread than they have generally considered to be, and (2) that conventional efficiency measures omit important energy input items, particularly those concerned with the mining the materials needed for renewable energy plants. The key conclusions are that present efficiency measures are not adequate, and future research is needed to overcome these shortcomings.
... Apartment blocks offer another illustration of the complexities of the energy efficiency measurement in buildings [66]. Apartments kept at lower temperatures during cold months will receive heat flow from adjacent apartments kept at a higher temperature. ...
Energy efficiency is, in principle, a simple idea: an output of human value, for example, vehicle-km traveled, divided by the needed input energy. Efficiency improvements are regarded as an important means of mitigating not only climate change, but also other environmental problems. Despite the vast number of articles published on energy efficiency, a few people question whether it is a useful or accurate measure in its present form; nearly all papers are either engineering studies, or address barriers to efficiency improvements. This review addresses this issue via a critical review of the literature, including not only papers on energy efficiency, but those on adjacent areas of research that can help broaden the scope, both geographically and conceptually. These shortcomings are illustrated in case studies of buildings/cities and road passenger transport. The main findings of this review are that (1) energy efficiency inevitably has an ethical dimension, as well as a technical one, in that feedbacks are more widespread than they have generally considered to be, and (2) that conventional efficiency measures omit important energy input items, particularly those concerned with the mining the materials needed for renewable energy plants. The key conclusions are that present efficiency measures are not adequate, and future research is needed to overcome these shortcomings.
... Apartment blocks offer a further illustration of the complexities of energy efficiency measurement in buildings [61]. Apartments kept at lower temperatures during cold months will receive a heat flow from adjacent apartments kept at a higher temperature. ...
Energy efficiency is, in principle, a simple idea: an output of human value, for example, vehicle-km traveled, divided by the needed input energy. Efficiency improvements are regarded by many as an important means of mitigating not only climate change, but also other environmental problems. Accordingly, many countries have efficiency ratings for appliances and efficiency standards for road vehicles. Despite the vast number of articles published on energy efficiency, few question whether it is a useful or accurate measure in its present form. This review addresses this lack, by a critical review of the literature, not only in energy efficiency, but in other areas of research, such as ‘energy services’, that can help broaden the scope of this idea, both geographically and conceptually. These shortcomings are illustrated in case studies of road passenger transport and buildings. The main findings are that energy efficiency inevitably has an ethical dimension, that feedbacks are more widespread than generally considered, and that conventional efficiency measures omit important energy input items, particularly those concerned with mining of the materials needed for renewable energy plants. Finally, the key results of this review are summarized, and its limitations are discussed, as is the future research needed to overcome these shortcomings.
... Siggelsten [15] uses data of a multi-apartment building in Sweden and finds that 6 out of 16 apartments were overcharged, while 7 apartments paid less. A study by Shesho et al. [29] reaches similar conclusion in the case of multiapartment building in Skopje (North Macedonia). They analysed heat transfer in buildings where apartments have different internal temperatures due to the fact that some of them are unheated or partly heated. ...
We investigate the "Tragedy of the Commons" situation in shared billing in district heating systems by using nationwide household data for Croatia covering three different climate zones. The Tragedy of the Commons refers to households that have chosen not to implement individual metering and acted according to their own self-interest but in doing so acted contrary to the common good of all users within the same building (including their own). We perform our analysis on a unique dataset covering the heating consumption for 250 buildings with over 20,000 apartments in nine cities prior to and after the installation of individual metering devices. Different models of distribution for delivered thermal energy have been applied, taking into consideration several scenarios in which the metering installation ranges from 100% to 50%. Results show that self-interest has an important impact on energy saving behaviour, while the cost-effectiveness differs widely due to different common behaviour of buildings' residents. Options analysis and cost-benefit analysis of nine cities with existing district heating systems shows that the obligation to install individual metering at final consumers was cost-effective under the condition that each building had a high level of measurement devices' installation and use (greater than 75%). The Tragedy of the Commons has been proven and it can contribute to our understanding of the motivating factors for energy saving behaviour. Wider policy implications should take into account this knowledge because it implies that pro-environmental behaviours could be more effective if aimed toward satisfying at least some private interests.
... In recent simulations carried out in a continental climate environment by Shesho et al. [9], using "Energy plus", they obtained for a non-consuming dwelling, with a 10 h/day service operation regime, energy gain percentages between 5%-12% for dwellings in intermediate floors, and between 15-22% for those on the top floor. ...
In the next months the heating and D.H.W cost sharing criteria must be modified in many pre-existing buildings. A special case is the buildings with vertical pipelines, for these buildings the recognized form of the rule for the cost sharing is to install “allocators” or “calorimeters" in each heater. In this article a review of the percentages and coefficients adopted in other countries of the union is made and their influence is analyzed. Variants are proposed to calculate and apply the correction factors.A simple procedure is proposed to estimate consumption and new quotes, using a spreadsheet. The main conclusion is that only after a detailed study can a solution be reached that can be assumed by the majority of the community members. Keywords: Efficient buildings, Community heating. Cost Sharind, Estimates fees.
