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Heat stress effects on poultry birds. (a) Illustration of temperature-humidity index (THI) for chickens, reproduced from [21,22], and (b) diagram of temperature zones for broiler chickens representing lower, upper, and maximum temperature, reproduced from [23].
Source publication
Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be ma...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 29.4 °C (85 °F), chickens start panting [17]. Figure 2a shows the temperature/humidity heat stress index for chickens which combines the air temperature with the relative humidity to analyze that how increasing humidity affects the thermal comfort zone. Panting is a natural process for heat dissipation in bodies of poultry birds. ...
Context 2
... a result of this phenomenon, water intake is increased to avoid dehydration. Figure 2b illustrates the temperature zones of poultry birds which states that the optimum poultry bird's growth can be obtained by maintaining the desired temperature and humidity zones inside the poultry house. During panting, high values of temperature and humidity pose a serious problem. ...
Context 3
... 29.4 • C (85 • F), chickens start panting [17]. Figure 2a shows the temperature/humidity heat stress index for chickens which combines the air temperature with the relative humidity to analyze that how increasing humidity affects the thermal comfort zone. Panting is a natural process for heat dissipation in bodies of poultry birds. ...
Context 4
... a result of this phenomenon, water intake is increased to avoid dehydration. Figure 2b illustrates the temperature zones of poultry birds which states that the optimum poultry bird's growth can be obtained by maintaining the desired temperature and humidity zones inside the poultry house. During panting, high values of temperature and humidity pose a serious problem. ...
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Citations
... Additionally, they can generate electricity through the Seebeck effect [1][2][3][4]. The poultry industry faces numerous challenges related to egg hatching, chicken growth, and reproduction [5][6][7]. Inadequate air conditioning is one of the primary issues in poultry farms. Chicken egg hatching requires warm temperatures of approximately 40 °C and humidity levels between 50-70%, while chicken growth and reproduction necessitate cooler temperatures, ranging from 10-24 °C [5,8]. ...
... Two Peltier modules are used to achieve maximum cooling and heating efficiency, consuming a total power of 72 W (3 A × 12 V × 2). The fans placed at the hot and cold junctions consume an additional 6 Heat transfer calculations are required to increase the room size for the egg-hatching and the chicken-growing and reproduction units. ...
Proper air conditioning is crucial for hatching, growing, and reproducing poultry chickens. The existing methods are often costly and only viable for some chicken farmers. This paper presents a novel solar-powered thermoelectric module that utilizes the Peltier effect for efficient cooling and heating in poultry incubators. The proposed system consists of a Peltier module with cool and hot junctions, powered by a solar panel through a charge controller and battery. The cool junction is located in the chicken-breeding and reproduction unit, while the hot junction is situated in the egg-incubation unit. Temperature controllers maintain the required temperatures of 35–40 °C for the egg-hatching and 10–24 °C for the chicken-growing units. The experimental results demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in maintaining the desired temperatures. This solar-powered thermoelectric air conditioning system offers advantages over traditional methods, including lower energy consumption, reduced costs, and eco-friendliness. It has the potential to benefit off-grid poultry farmers and reduce energy bills for existing chicken farms. The mathematical modeling, load calculations, and prototype results show that the proposed system is best suited for providing the required cooling and heating effects in poultry incubators. This research represents a significant step forward in temperature control for poultry incubators and could revolutionize poultry farming practices, especially in remote locations with limited electricity access.
... The high RH was between 79.10 % and 46.86 % higher than the usual range for broiler chickens grown in tropical climates, which is between 30 and 40 % [24]. Due to the difficulties in heat dissipation through evaporative cooling, broiler chickens suffer from heat stress when the ambient temperature and relative humidity are high [30,41]. THI is an index of heat stress that is used to assess the combined impacts of both ambient temperature and RH [37]. ...
This study evaluates the effects of lycopene administration on body weight, mortality, cloacal temperature, and haematological responses, in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. 40 day-old broiler chicks were divided into control and lycopene groups, 20 chickens each. Each bird in the control group received olive oil (1 ml.kg ⁻¹ ), and lycopene at 10 mg.kg ⁻¹ mixed with olive oil was given to each bird in the lycopene group by oral gavage once daily for 28 days. The dry- and wet-bulb temperature of the broiler chickens’ pen was recorded three times daily from days 8 to 28. The body weights were measured weekly. The incidence of mortality was recorded. The cloacal temperatures were measured on days 14, 21 and 28. The blood samples were collected for haematological analyses, on day 28. The results indicated a high overall temperature-humidity index (31.24 ± 0.43 o C) of the thermal micro-environment of the broiler chickens. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in body weight. The percentage mortality in the control group was relatively higher compared to the lycopene group. Lycopene reduced the cloacal temperature responses and the daily fluctuations in broiler chickens. The decreased (P < 0.05) heterophil:lymphocyte ratio and percentage erythrocytes haemolysis were recorded in the lycopene group. In conclusion, lycopene administration reduced mortality and improved cloacal temperature and haematological responses without exerting any significant beneficial or negative effects on the body weight in broiler chickens exposed to heat stress.
... 6,7 The windcatcher is a common type of natural ventilation equipment that helps to maintain a comfortable environment in cattle facilities and agricultural greenhouses. 8 The most important natural ventilation parameter to ensure aeration, cooling and thermal comfort in a poultry house is the wind speed. In the past, windcatchers were used in Persian architecture to provide natural ventilation in structures. ...
In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the efficiency of ventilation and airflow patterns in a multi-level layer hen house. The utilization of windcatchers as a natural ventilation system was the main area of focus. By comparing CFD simulations with experimental data using ANSYS Fluent, the results were validated. The findings showed good agreement in airflow velocity within the windcatchers and throughout the entire building between the CFD calculations and the experimental tests, resulting in uniform airflow distribution and the absence of turbulence in the area where the chickens were kept. This setup provided the layer hens with an acceptable level of comfort by maintaining a consistent and steady temperature profile. The windcatcher-based model demonstrated better temperature uniformity than mechanical window ventilation. The study also emphasized the importance of maintaining appropriate humidity levels throughout the building to ensure the comfort and productivity of layer hens. The advantages of the windcatcher-based system in terms of temperature distribution and airflow control were highlighted by comparison with an alternative ventilation model. These results underscore the importance of using natural ventilation systems, such as windcatchers, to create optimal ventilation conditions and provide layer hens with a comfortable and productive environment (resulting in a temperature reduction from 29°C to 19.85°C with a low and uniform air velocity ranging from 0 m/s to 0.7 m/s at cage level).
Practical application
An effective and eco-friendly approach to enhance animal health and productivity in poultry farms is to install a natural ventilation system with wind collectors. This setup creates optimal conditions for the animals by improving air quality, regulating temperature, and fine-tuning ventilation. Additionally, it promotes overall sustainability in poultry facilities by lowering energy costs and advocating for environmentally friendly management, aligning agricultural practices with stringent environmental standards.
... (3) The evaporation process is an animal's natural cooling mechanism based on t principle of latent heat transfer caused by the transition of water from liquid to gas lower body temperature through a process known as panting. Heat can be exhausted fro the body up to 40% of the total cooling capacity [58,59]. (4) Radiation is the heat trans process from the chicken's body to the environment through electromagnetic radiati [13], depending on the air around the chicken. ...
... (3) The evaporation process is an animal's natural cooling mechanism based on the principle of latent heat transfer caused by the transition of water from liquid to gas to lower body temperature through a process known as panting. Heat can be exhausted from the body up to 40% of the total cooling capacity [58,59]. (4) Radiation is the heat transfer process from the chicken's body to the environment through electromagnetic radiation [13], depending on the air around the chicken. ...
Simple Summary
Tropical regions exhibit a wide range of climatic and environmental conditions. Therefore, to optimize the selection of genetic approaches to address heat stress affecting poultry productivity, this article compiles the different advantages and limitations of genetic methods for readers to have information to help them decide which method is suitable for their area and with genetic methods inevitably produces more sustainable results than other methods.
Abstract
Heat stress is a major environmental threat to poultry production systems, especially in tropical areas. The effects of heat stress have been discovered in several areas, including reduced growth rate, reduced egg production, low feed efficiency, impaired immunological responses, changes in intestinal microflora, metabolic changes, and deterioration of meat quality. Although several methods have been used to address the heat stress problem, it persists. The answer to this problem can be remedied sustainably if genetic improvement approaches are available. Therefore, the purpose of this review article was to present the application of different approaches to genetic improvement in poultry in the hope that users will find suitable solutions for their poultry population and be able to plan future poultry breeding programs.
... For each 1.82 kg chicken, this amount is equal to 5000 calories or 20 BTU per hour. Normal activity increases heat production and increases food consumption [28]. ...
... Therefore, heat production decreases. Of course, in winter, if the temperature of the hall reaches 1.1 • C to 4.4 • C, approximately 20% of the total heat production, it is due to this reason, and when the temperature of the hall reaches 2.8 • C, each chicken emits 30 BTU per hour [28]. One of the most important parameters that must be taken into account in the poultry breeding hall is the determination of heat loss and heat gain. ...
... Therefore, heat production decreases. Of course, in winter, if the temperature of the hall reaches 1.1 °C to 4.4 °C, approximately 20% of the total heat production, it is due to this reason, and when the temperature of the hall reaches 2.8 °C, each chicken emits 30 BTU per hour [28]. ...
A solar heating system is designed to reduce energy consumption in a poultry farm. According to the physics and conditions of the indoor environment of the poultry building and the effect of the poultry weather conditions, the amount of 1.37 × 108 kJ/h during the year energy is required for heating. Then, by using double-glazed windows and insulation for the exterior walls of the building in the building architecture section, the amount of energy consumption is drastically reduced, and the required annual gas consumption is equal to 11,833 m3. The surface required for the collector is recommended to supply 50% of the energy from the sun with the rest from the hybrid system. The results showed that 26 m2 of a solar collector with an optimal slope of 45 degrees, and a tank volume of 440 L and a pump discharge of 1700 kg/h are required to provide 100% of energy. To receive the maximum amount of solar energy (maximum solar fraction (SF)), a collector surface equal to 30 m2 is required. However, when the economic point of view is considered, the collector surface equivalent to 26 m2 is recommended. To establish a balance, that is, 50% of the energy from the auxiliary system and the rest from the solar system, between the use of solar energy and the use of the auxiliary system, a collector area of 16 m2 is needed. Based on this, 60 photovoltaic modules, which are 10 cells in series in 6 parallel circuits, is the most optimal mode.
... бақылауымыз тиіс. [12]. ...
В статье отмечается, что в ТОО» Шалабай " была создана канадская система GrowSafe, которая занимается разведением казахской белоголовой породы мясного направления. Поэтому одним из актуальных вопросов является проект сарая в применении канадской системы GrowSafe, его соответствие санитарным требованиям. Это связано с тем, что при содержании животных в помещениях, не соответствующих зоогигиеническим стандартам, снижается их продуктивность и устойчивость, что может привести к массовым заболеваниям, поэтому проектирование, строительство и эксплуатация помещений в животноводстве должны быть обоснованы не только техническими, но и биологическими и зоогигиеническими требованиями. Конюшни для содержания скота должны быть удобны для размещения, кормления, полива и содержания животных. Проект сарая в ТОО Шалабай построен в соответствии со всеми санитарно-гигиеническими требованиями. Прежде всего, перед подключением к системе GrowSafe проходит 10-14 дней адаптации, затем 40-49 дней с включением этой системы и проведением пробных работ. Система GrowSafe используется для определения количества непотребленного корма (ТАМ) и значений индекса ценности породы, а также для контроля размера кормления скота, роста живого веса. Для изучения ТАМ собирают сходные группы животных по полу, породе, размеру, годовалому скоту. Максимальная разница в возрасте между животными должна составлять до 90 дней.
... To guarantee a proper indoor climate, the air temperature, moisture and air quality must be controlled by ventilation, heating, cooling, etc. [9]. However, these control methods represent a considerable share of the total energy consumption of poultry farming. ...
Citation: Du, L.; Yang, L.; Yang, C.; Hu, C.; Yu, C.; Qiu, M.; Liu, S.; Zhu, S.; Ye, X. Development and
... Various studies have been performed on the performance enhancement of direct and indirect evaporative cooling systems [9,[17][18][19][20]. A group of researchers [21] conducted an experimental study to investigate the performance of various materials (ceramic pipes, Cyprus marble, dry bulrush basket, eucalyptus fibers, and yellow stone) for direct evaporative cooling applications in hot and dry climate. ...
The cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of evaporative cooling systems have made them a popular solution for thermal management in agriculture, livestock, electronics, biotechnology, and food processing. As the thermal performance of various evaporative cooling systems such as direct, indirect and Maisotsenko systems strongly relies on certain meteorological and system parameters, so herein, we develop a method to assess the impact of these parameters on the thermal performance of various evaporative cooling systems, including direct, indirect, and Maisotsenko systems. A surrogate model by coupling Gaussian process regression algorithm for hyper-parameters optimization with a deep neural network is developed and assessed to visualize and highlight the impact of each considered meteorological and system parameter on the thermal performance of the considered evaporative cooling systems. The findings of this study reveal that these systems are mainly dependent on the meteorological parameters (dry and wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, and enthalpy). On the contrary, the system's parameters such as area and inlet velocity have no impact for the considered systems and data range. Finally, the simplified, efficient, and highly accurate model is proposed to assess the thermal performance of the investigated evaporative cooling systems. The final proposed model is able to predict the thermal performance of the considered evaporative cooling systems with an accuracy of R2 = 0.999 within the tested data range.
... Pressure drop values for both sea and freshwater were almost the same, but the cooling effectiveness of seawater was slightly less, and it decreased the life of the packing. Shahzad et al., [12] and Raza et al., [15] experimented with three different systems, direct, indirect and Maisotsenko evaporative cooling (MEC), which was applied for cooling the poultry houses and agriculture products storage. In summer DEC, IDEC and MCC gave temperature drop of 7 • C, 4.5 • C and 9.5 • C respectively. ...
Present work comprises the fabrication of a multistage reciprocating humidifier where four Celdek 7090 pack�ings are arranged at different positions run by a motor connected to a cam follower. Packing dips in the water and comes in contact with air in cross flow direction in a duct. Air velocities and camshaft speeds are varied to evaluate the performance parameters such as outlet dry bulb temperature, outlet specific humidity, evaporation rate, coefficient of performance, cooling effect and humidification efficiency. A theoretical model is constructed to predict the performance of the multistage dynamic humidifier. Stage-wise performance is also determined to analyse the influence of number of stages on the cooler performance. The system gave a maximum evaporation rate, energy conversion factor, humidification efficiency equal to 1.864 g/s, 4.84, and 72.62 %. The predicted performance parameters for various conditions are found to be in agreement with the experimental results. Experimental and empirical results are close to each other with a maximum deviation of 2.1 %, 2.4 %, 8.3 % and
8.5 % for exit air temperature, exit humidity ratio, saturation efficiency and energy conversion factor respec�tively for various tested air flow rates. Stage wise performance revealed that higher number of stages will
drastically deteriorate the performance and simultaneously increase the energy consumption.
... Various studies have been performed on the performance enhancement of direct and indirect evaporative cooling systems [9,[17][18][19][20]. A group of researchers [21] conducted an experimental study to investigate the performance of various materials (ceramic pipes, Cyprus marble, dry bulrush basket, eucalyptus fibers, and yellow stone) for direct evaporative cooling applications in hot and dry climate. ...
The cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of evaporative cooling systems have made them a popular solution
for thermal management in agriculture, livestock, electronics, biotechnology, and food processing. As the
thermal performance of various evaporative cooling systems such as direct, indirect and Maisotsenko systems
strongly relies on certain meteorological and system parameters, so herein, we develop a method to assess the
impact of these parameters on the thermal performance of various evaporative cooling systems, including direct,
indirect, and Maisotsenko systems. A surrogate model by coupling Gaussian process regression algorithm for
hyper-parameters optimization with a deep neural network is developed and assessed to visualize and highlight
the impact of each considered meteorological and system parameter on the thermal performance of the
considered evaporative cooling systems. The findings of this study reveal that these systems are mainly
dependent on the meteorological parameters (dry and wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, relative
humidity, and enthalpy). On the contrary, the system’s parameters such as area and inlet velocity have no impact
for the considered systems and data range. Finally, the simplified, efficient, and highly accurate model is pro�posed to assess the thermal performance of the investigated evaporative cooling systems. The final proposed
model is able to predict the thermal performance of the considered evaporative cooling systems with an accuracy
of R2 = 0.999 within the tested data range.
