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A method for sensing human visual attention is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of sequential image patterns of faces and irises observed at regular time intervals. The basic concept is to represent the set of image patterns produced by the action of gazing at a certain area as a nonlinear subspace in a high-dimensional pattern vector...
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The paper explores pupils’ initiative as a segment of entrepreneurship that needs to be enhanced through classroom activities. The national curriculum has been promoting pupils’ entrepreneurial competence in education for years and the authors were intrigued to find out whether contemporary teaching supports its development. More precisely,it was i...
Citations
... Computational models for spatial memory exist [31] some of which include gaze information [39]. Ocular scan-paths are important for later recall [6,58], as well as path length and dwell time [21]. Considering the above, we implement a model of spatial memory to prevent later recall. ...
... Once the user has understood the hint the riddle may be solved, else the hint changes. We measure user understanding by following related work [6,58] and match the user's exhibited gaze pattern onto a pre-defined scan path (linear or tree). ...
Creating or arranging objects at runtime is needed in many virtual reality applications, but such changes are noticed when they occur inside the user's field of view. We present Mise-Unseen, a software system that applies such scene changes covertly inside the user's field of view. Mise-Unseen leverages gaze tracking to create models of user attention, intention, and spatial memory to determine if and when to inject a change. We present seven applications of Mise-Unseen to unnoticeably modify the scene within view (i) to hide that task difficulty is adapted to the user, (ii) to adapt the experience to the user's preferences, (iii) to time the use of low fidelity effects, (iv) to detect user choice for passive haptics even when lacking physical props, (v) to sustain physical locomotion despite a lack of physical space, (vi) to reduce motion sickness during virtual locomotion, and (vii) to verify user understanding during story progression. We evaluated Mise-Unseen and our applications in a user study with 15 participants and find that while gaze data indeed supports obfuscating changes inside the field of view, a change is rendered unnoticeably by using gaze in combination with common masking techniques.
