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Harknessia ipereniae (CBS-H 19759). A. Erumpent ostiolar region of conidioma on host tissue. B. Juvenile conidium. C-F. Mature conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Harknessia gibbosa Crous & C. Mohammed, sp. nov. (Fig. 5) MycoBank 501095. Etymology: Named after its characteristic gibbose conidia. Harknessiae gunnerae similis, sed conidiis majoribus, (13-)17-19(-20) × (10-)11-12 µm, differens.
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Members of the genus Eucalyptus represent a substrate richly colonized by numerous undescribed fungal species. Several species and genera of ascomycetes were collected from leaves or from leaf litter of this host genus in Australia and South Africa in the present study. New genera include Eucasphaeria capensis and Sympoventuria capensis (ascomycete...
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Although numerous microfungi have been described from Eucalyptus in recent years, this plant genus remains a rich substrate colonized by numerous undescribed species. In the present study several species and genera of ascomycetes were collected from symptomatic leaves or from leaf litter of this host in Australia, South Africa and Europe. New gener...
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... Several species of Harknessia and its teleomorph have been isolated from stems and twigs of different hosts (Sutton, 1980;Crous et al. 1993;Yuan and Mohammed 1997;Crous and Rogers 2001;Crous et al. 2007;Crous et al., 2012). Considering that Harknessia species are known to occur on woody tissue, we inoculated E. dunnii seedling stems with A. eucalyptorum to evaluate a possible association of the species with stem cankers. ...
Apoharknessia eucalyptorum is associated with leaf spots on Eucalyptus dunnii in Southern Brazil; however, no data about its symptoms and severity are currently available. In this study, inoculation, symptomatology, and severity on leaves and stems of E. dunnii and leaves of Corymbia citriodora are analyzed and discussed. Detached and intact seedling leaves and seedling stems, with and without wounds, were inoculated with A. eucalyptorum. The severity of leaves was assessed based on the lesion area, whereas the severity on stems was considered by the size of the lesions. After inoculation, the following symptoms were observed on leaves with and without lesions: brown, circular or irregular lesions, occurring along the leaf margins, sparsely distributed, or coalescing throughout the leaf blade. The severity on detached leaves ranged from 13 to 63 % on E. dunnii and from 30 to 38 % on C. citriodora, whereas on intact seedling leaves the severity was observed only on wounded tissues, with 11.90 % on E. dunnii and 19.63 % on C. citriodora. Only inoculated stems of E. dunnii with wounds showed signs of the pathogen. This study confirms the pathogenicity of A. eucalyptorum on both E. dunnii and C. citriodora, a new host for the disease, and concludes that although the pathogen can be considered a primary pathogen based on detached leaf inoculations, the infection on non-wounded tissues is limited. Thus, the distribution of A. eucalyptorum and the possible impacts of the pathogen on Eucalyptus spp. plantations should be monitored.
... Many soil-dwelling Sympoventuriaceae species have been recorded in Ochroconis, Scolecobasidium, and Verruconis (Samerpitak et al. 2016, Qiao et al. 2019. Based on previous studies, asexual morphs are more reliable than sexual morphs for species delimitation in Venturiales with specific conidial, conidial apparatus, and conidiogenesis characteristics (Sivanesan 1978, Schubert et al. 2003, Crous et al. 2007. Ochroconis and Verruconis exhibit rhexolytic conidial liberation, a rare fungal characteristic that can be used for species delimitation in Sympoventuriaceae (Samerpitak et al. 2015(Samerpitak et al. , 2016. ...
Fungi are adapted to diverse environments, where the forest soils have complex fungal communities with a wide range of lifestyles. This study aims to explore and isolate Dothideomycetes from the forest soils in Thailand. Sampling sites were located in Chiang Rai and Krabi provinces. Cultures were obtained through soil dilution series, and the strains were subjected to morphological observations and multigene phylogenetic analyses for identification. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were conducted to clarify their phylogenetic affinities using partial nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS, LSU, and SSU) and the protein-coding genes (tef1-α and GADPH). Herein, two new species (Curvularia chiangraiensis sp. nov. and Verruconis soli sp. nov.) and two new records (C. chiangmaiensis and V. thailandica) are described based on the morphological and phylogenetic evidence. Curvularia chiangraiensis sp. nov. is distinguished by its relatively smaller conidia and the presence of sympodial proliferation of conidiogenesis and Verruconis soli sp. nov. exhibits micronematous conidiophores and obovoid conidia that transform into sub-cylindrical or ellipsoidal shapes, and becoming 1-septate when mature. These unique characteristics set them apart from closely related taxa. The newly described taxa have been subjected to a thorough comparison with closely related species, enabling a comprehensive analysis. The study offers detailed descriptions and includes high-quality micrographs, with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of these newly identified taxa
... Hormodochis eucalypti (syn. Phacidiella eucalypt) has dark brown to black conidiomata and subcylindrical to barrel-shaped conidia that are dramatically different from N. septispora (Crous et al. 2007(Crous et al. , 2020b). ...
Stictidaceae has ubiquitous distribution and its members inhabit a wide range of hosts and substrates. However, many genera in this family are represented by a limited number of species and molecular data is lacking for those old genera. Documentation and description of new species is necessary to bring insight into the natural classification of Stictidaceae. An investigation of microfungi in Yunnan Province, China led to the discovery of the novel genus et species, Neohormodochis septispora based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic characterization of combined LSU, ITS, mtSSU and RPB2 sequnces. White-pruinose conidiomata, crystalline conidiomatal wall, cylindrical conidiogenous cells and dominantly sepate conidia arranged in branched chain characterize the novel genus. The phylogenetic placement of Dendroseptoria was uncertain and in this study, we confirmed its placement in Stictidaceae based on the phylogenetic affiliation of D. mucilaginosa.
... & P. Syd.) M.B. Ellis is not congeneric with H. citharexyli; it has an obligate association with asterinaceous fungi and different conidial septation sequence and was designated as the type species of Pirozynskiella S. Hughes (Ellis 1976, Hughes 2007 (Ellis 1976;Crous & al. 2006Crous & al. , 2007aCrous & al. ,b, 2019Cheewangkoon & al. 2012). Although H. queenslandicum Matsush. is a currently accepted name, this species exhibits a similar conidial ontogeny with Parapleurotheciopsis P.M. Kirk in its holoblastic conidia with an acropetal branched chain through an apical ramoconidium that secedes schizolytically (Matsushima 1989, MycoBank 2020; these characters were remarked by Castañeda-Ruíz & al. (2008) (Zhang & al. 2010;Ma & al. 2012a,b;Xia & al. 2012;Zhang 2018). ...
Two new anamorphic fungi, Globoramichloridium delicatum and Heteroconium simile , collected from dead branches of unidentified broadleaf trees in Jiangxi Province, China, are described and illustrated. Globoramichloridium delicatum is characterized by unicellular, subglobose to narrow subnapiform, yellowish-green conidia. Heteroconium simile is distinguished by its monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate conidiogenous cells that produce acrogenous, blastocatenate, dimorphic, 0–1-septate, smooth conidia.
... Crous et al. (2015d) Ertz et al. (2014) introduced this genus with a hyphomycetous asexual morph. Crous Crous et al. (2007b) introduced this genus with an ascochytopsis-like asexual morph. ...
This is a continuation of a series of studies incorporating asexually reproducing fungi in a natural classification. Over 3653 genera (ca. 30,000 morphological species) are known from asexual reproduction (1388 coelomycetes and 2265 hyphomycetes) in their life cycle. Among these, 687 genera are pleomorphic (305 coelomycetous; 378 hyphomycetous and four genera show both coelomycetous and hyphomycetous morphs). We provide notes for these pleomorphic genera in this paper. The 1544 unlinked genera without molecular data (which comprise ca. 3850 species) are listed as Ascomycota genera incertae sedis. It is essential to recollect the fungi which are placed in Ascomycota genera incertae sedis and subject them to DNA based phylogenetic analysis as they might represent new fungal lineages.
... Crous et al. (2015d) Ertz et al. (2014) introduced this genus with a hyphomycetous asexual morph. Crous Crous et al. (2007b) introduced this genus with an ascochytopsis-like asexual morph. ...
... Notes -Culture CPC 38661 was originally derived from hyaline, aseptate microconidia found on the surface of leaves of Protea neriifolia. In culture, sporodochia with an Eucasphaeria asexual morph developed (Crous et al. 2007b). Based on LSU the present fungus proved to be closely related to Rosasphaeria moravica, which was described as forming densely aggregated orange pycnidial conidiomata in culture (Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2012). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi, Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.) and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida, Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus, Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.) on soil. Austria, Cortinarius glaucoelotus on soil. Bulgaria, Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada, Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula, Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile, Circinella lampensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum. China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta. Croatia, Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis. Czech Republic, Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic, Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France, Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans, Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana, Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain, Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India, Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora. Iran, Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis. Italy, Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia, Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis. Pakistan, Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia, Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota. South Africa, Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum, Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica, Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia, Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima, Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii, Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum, Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum, Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum, Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius, Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii. Sweden, Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus from deciduous woodlands. Spain, Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis, Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber. Thailand, Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA, Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus, Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides, Pseudogymnoascus palmeri from cave sediment. Vietnam, Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Plant-parasitic fungi are known in the subclass within Ostropales (Resl et al. 2015), such as Rubikia (Graphidaceae), a genus accommodating leafinfecting species of coelomycetes (Crous et al. 2016). Cladosterigma is only the second hyperparasitic genus in Graphidales after Furcaspora eucalypti (Crous et al. 2007) within the entire subclass Ostropomycetidae. ...
2020): Cladosterigma: an enigmatic fungus, previously considered a basidiomycete, now revealed as an ascomycete member of the Gomphillaceae, Mycologia, ABSTRACT Cladosterigma clavariellum has been treated as a basidiomycete since its first description by Spegazzini in 1886 as Microcera clavariella. After further morphological studies, between 1919 and 2011, it remained among the basidiomycetes, most recently as incertae sedis in the order Cryptobasidiales. Our studies, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, supported by multilocus phylogenetic analyses-second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) of the nuclear rDNA sequences, and mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mtSSU)-finally determined the phylogenetic placement of Cladosterigma as the first nonlichenicolous mycoparasitic member of the Gomphillaceae within the Graphidales, an ascomycete order previously composed predominantly of lichen-forming fungi.
... Plant-parasitic fungi are known in the subclass within Ostropales (Resl et al. 2015), such as Rubikia (Graphidaceae), a genus accommodating leafinfecting species of coelomycetes (Crous et al. 2016). Cladosterigma is only the second hyperparasitic genus in Graphidales after Furcaspora eucalypti (Crous et al. 2007) within the entire subclass Ostropomycetidae. ...
Cladosterigma clavariellum has been treated as a basidiomycete since its first description by Spegazzini in 1886 as Microcera clavariella. After further morphological studies, between 1919 and 2011, it remained among the basidiomycetes, most recently as incertae sedis in the order Cryptobasidiales. Our studies, based on light and scanning electron microscopy, supported by multilocus phylogenetic analyses—second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), translation
elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), small subunit (18S), large subunit (28S), and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) of the nuclear rDNA sequences, and mitochondrial rDNA small subunit (mtSSU)—finally determined the phylogenetic placement of Cladosterigma as the first nonlichenicolous mycoparasitic member of the Gomphillaceae within the Graphidales, an ascomycete order previously composed predominantly of lichen-forming fungi.
... Sympoventuriaceae is characterised by immersed, subglobose ascomata, that are black, papillate, ostioles, septate pseudoparaphyses, that are constricted at the septa and anastomosing and extending above the asci, 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, subcylindrical, pedicellate asci and hyaline, fusoid-ellipsoidal ascospores, constricted at the median septum. Asexual morphs are sympodiella-like, fusicladium-like and veronaeopsis-like (Crous et al. 2007a;Zhang et al. 2011;Samerpitak et al. 2014 (2014) to accommodate thermophilic species. Verruconis is characterised by colonies that are brown, slow growing, with or without conidiophores; conidiogenous cells that are erect, pale brown, sparsely septate, with scattered denticles and rhexolytic conidial secession; conidia that are two-celled, verrucose to smooth-walled, clavate to cylindrical, produced sympodially. ...
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.
