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Avian influenza is an infection caused by the H5N1 virus. The infection is highly contagious among birds, and only a few known cases of human avian influenza have been documented. However, healthcare experts around the world are concerned that mutation or genetic exchange with more commonly transmitted human influenza viruses could result in a pand...
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Mammalian influenza viruses are descendants of avian strains that crossed the species barrier and underwent further adaptation. Since 1997 in southeast Asia, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses have been causing severe, even fatal disease in humans. Although no lineages of this subtype have been established until now, such repeated event...
The A(H5N1) influenza remains a disease of birds with a significant species barrier: in the presence of some tens million cases of infection in poultry--with a wide geographical spread--, only a few hundreds cases have occurred in humans. To date, human cases have been reported in 15 countries--mainly in Asia--and all were related to the onset of o...
Outside Asia, Egypt is considered to be an influenza H5N1 epicentre and presents a far greater pandemic risk than other countries. The long-term endemicity of H5N1 and the recent emergence of H9N2 in poultry call attention to the need for unravelling the epidemiology, ecology and highly diverse gene pool of influenza A virus (IAV) in Egypt which is...
Multiple avian influenza viruses' subtypes are circulating worldwide possessing serious threat to human populations and considered key contributors to the emergence of human influenza pandemics. This study aimed to identify the potential existence of H7 and H9 avian influenza infections circulating among chicken flocks in Egypt. Serum samples were...
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Citations
... We propose that patients primed with OMT are more likely to mount a more robust and enduring immune response to vaccinations. Specifically useful in this regard are the OMT techniques known as the lymphatic pump techniques (LPT), which increase lymphatic circulation [4]. This increase in lymphatic circulation is advantageous for mounting immune responses because vaccine antigens are carried by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid tissues through lymphatic vessels, where the antigens will activate T-lymphocytes, which in turn activate B-lymphocytes to produce protective antibodies [5]. ...
Context
Anecdotal evidence suggested that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may have imparted survivability to patients in osteopathic hospitals during the 1918 influenza pandemic. In addition, previous OMT research publications throughout the past century have shown evidence of increased lymphatic movement, resulting in improved immunologic function qualitatively and quantitatively.
Objectives
The following is a description of a proposed protocol to evaluate OMT effects on antibody generation in the peripheral circulation in response to a vaccine and its possible use in the augmentation of various vaccines. This protocol will serve as a template for OMT vaccination studies, and by adhering to the gold standard of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), future studies utilizing this outline may contribute to the much-needed advancement of the scientific literature in this field.
Methods
This manuscript intends to describe a protocol that will demonstrate increased antibody titers to a vaccine through OMT utilized in previous historical studies. Confirmation data will follow this manuscript validating the protocol. Study participants will be divided into groups with and without OMT with lymphatic pumps. Each group will receive the corresponding vaccine and have antibody titers measured against the specific vaccine pathogen drawn at determined intervals.
Results
These results will be statistically evaluated. Our demonstration of a rational scientific OMT vaccine antibody augmentation will serve as the standard for such investigation that will be reported in the future. These vaccines could include COVID-19 mRNA, influenza, shingles, rabies, and various others. The antibody response to vaccines is the resulting conclusion of its administration. Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) lymphatic pumps have, in the past through anecdotal reports and smaller pilot studies, shown effectiveness on peripheral immune augmentation to vaccines.
Conclusions
This described protocol will be the template for more extensive scientific studies supporting osteopathic medicine’s benefit on vaccine response. The initial vaccine studies will include the COVID-19 mRNA, influenza, shingles, and rabies vaccines.
... Retrospective data gathered shortly after the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic has suggested that the use of distinctive OMT methods has significantly lowered morbidity and mortality among patients compared to just those treated with standard medical care [20]. A recent review paper discussed OMT procedures such as lymphatic pump, splenic pump, rib raising techniques, and sinus drainage procedures playing a role in the stimulation of the immune system and improvement of arterial, venous, and lymphatic circulation as part of the treatment protocol for avian influenza patients [20]. ...
... Retrospective data gathered shortly after the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic has suggested that the use of distinctive OMT methods has significantly lowered morbidity and mortality among patients compared to just those treated with standard medical care [20]. A recent review paper discussed OMT procedures such as lymphatic pump, splenic pump, rib raising techniques, and sinus drainage procedures playing a role in the stimulation of the immune system and improvement of arterial, venous, and lymphatic circulation as part of the treatment protocol for avian influenza patients [20]. Reportedly, the use of OMT during the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic showed evidence of a significant reduction in the mortality rate of up to 10% in pneumonia patients treated with OMT vs patients treated with standard medical care alone [13,21]. ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects various human organ systems, including the lymphatic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic systems. The utilization of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques has been clinically effective in the alleviation of various upper respiratory infection symptoms. Consequently, the use of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in SARS-CoV-2 patients as adjunct treatment can be beneficial in promoting overall recovery. This paper attempts to address the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the cellular level and its downstream effects. Subsequently, osteopathic principles were investigated to evaluate potential therapeutic effects, providing a holistic approach in the SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Although the association between the benefits of OMT on clinical improvement during the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic can be seen, further investigation is required to establish a direct correlation between OMT and symptom management in SARS-CoV-2.
... Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is the foundational therapy in osteopathy and has a long history of reported efficacy for a variety of conditions [5][6][7][8], including as adjunctive therapy for respiratory disease [9][10][11]. During the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, osteopaths reported better outcomes than did allopaths [12][13][14][15]. While those reports are controversial [12,14], they document a history of use. ...
... During the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, osteopaths reported better outcomes than did allopaths [12][13][14][15]. While those reports are controversial [12,14], they document a history of use. However, comparative effectiveness studies for OMT often lag behind reported efficacy [4], and OMT for respiratory distress follows this pattern. ...
Background
Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may improve outcomes during COVID-related respiratory distress – the most common cause of death from novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Outcomes from OMT treatments of respiratory distress during the COVID-19 pandemic have not been reported.
Objective
Assess adjunctive OMT in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory distress.
Design
Feasibility oriented retrospective observational cohort study.
Setting
COVID-19 (non-ICU) ward in a tertiary academic medical center.
Methods
Inpatients received daily OMT treatments of rib raising, abdominal diaphragm doming, thoracic pump and pedal pump. Primary outcomes were procedural acceptance, satisfaction, side effects, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were patient-reported clinical change after therapy; number of hospital days; need during hospitalization for high-flow oxygen, C-PAP/BiPAP or intensive care; need for supplementary oxygen at discharge; and discharge disposition.
Participants
Hospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection and respiratory distress.
Results
OMT (n = 27) and Control (n = 152) groups were similar in demographics and most laboratory studies. 90% of patients accepted OMT and reported high satisfaction (4.26/±0.71 (maximum 5)), few negative effects, no adverse events, and positive clinical change (5.07 ± 0.96 (maximum 7)). Although no significant differences were found in secondary outcomes, OMT patients trended towards fewer hospital days than Controls (p = 0.053; Cohen's d = 0.22), a relationship that trended towards correlation with number of co-morbidities (p = 0.068).
Conclusion
Hospitalized patients with respiratory distress and COVID-19 reported acceptance, satisfaction, and greater ease of breathing after a four-part OMT protocol, and appear to have a shorter length of hospitalization. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
... [ [28][29][30] ...
... In this study, pain pressure thresholds were measured bilaterally in the C4 paraspinal musculature, the lateral end of the clavicle, and the upper third of the tibialis anterior before and after the diaphragm release treatment. After the treatment, the results showed a statistically significant hypoalgesia in the spinal segment of C4 bilaterally [30,31]. This result demonstrates that diaphragm treatment can induce an immediate effect on C4 due to its relation to the phrenic nerve. ...
Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) is an emerging practice in the healthcare field with increasing popularity and evidence-based therapy. Osteopathic manipulative treatments (OMT) include hands-on manipulations of different body structures to increase systemic homeostasis and total patient well-being. Indeed, this new realm of the whole patient-based approach is being taught in osteopathic schools around the country, and the osteopathic principles of a mind-body-spirit-based treatment are being instilled in many new Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.) students. However, despite their proven therapeutic value, there are still many individuals, both in and outside the medical profession, who are unaware (or misinformed) of the therapeutic uses and potential benefits of OMT. Here, we provide a brief introduction to this osteopathic therapeutic approach, focusing on the hands-on techniques that are regularly implemented in the clinical setting. It is becoming increasingly evident that different OMTs can be implemented to enhance patient recovery, both alone and in conjunction with the targeted therapies used in allopathic regimens. Therefore, it may be beneficial to inform the general medical community and educate the public and those associated with the healthcare field about the benefits of using OMT as a treatment modality. OMT is lower-cost, noninvasive, and highly effective in promoting full-body healing by targeting the nervous, lymphatic, immune, and vascular systems. There is a growing body of literature related to osteopathic research and the possible molecular pathways involved in the healing process, and this burgeoning field of medicine is expected to increase in value in the healthcare field. This brief review article explains the frequently utilized OMT modalities and their recognized therapeutic benefits, which underscore the need to understand the possible molecular mechanisms and circulating biomarkers linked to the systemic benefits of osteopathic medicine.
... In 1918, during the Spanish flu in the United States, osteopathy presented itself as one of the health resources made available to help fight the epidemic. In 2007, OMT once again presented itself as a possibility to help restore health to individuals affected by the H5N1 avian flu [16,17]. It is worth noticing though these studies are of the lowest evidence, often collections of research that is not directly relevant to the condition and with no indication of clinical relevance; also, most of them comprise hypothetical opinions on this matter. ...
Background
Fatigue is among the most common symptoms of the long-term effects of coronavirus (long COVID). This study aims to compare the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) combined with physiotherapy treatment (PT) compared to PT alone on fatigue and functional limitations after two months post randomization in adults with long COVID.
Methods
This is a study protocol for a two-arm, assessor-blinded, pragmatic randomized controlled superiority trial. Seventy-six participants will be randomly allocated to OMT + PT or PT. The PT includes usual care interventions including motor and respiratory exercises targeting cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle functions. The OMT entails direct, indirect, visceral, and cranial techniques. Patients will be evaluated before and after a 2-month intervention program, and at 3-month follow-up session. Primary objectives comprise fatigue and functional limitations at 2-month post randomization as assessed by the fatigue severity scale and the Post-COVID Functional State scale. Secondary objectives comprise fatigue and functional limitations at 3 months, and the perceived change post-treatment as assessed by the Perceived Change Scale (PCS-patient).
Registration
This protocol was registered (NCT05012826) and received ethical approval (38342520.7.0000.5235). Participant recruitment began in August 2021 and is expected to conclude in July 2023. Publication of the results is anticipated in 2023.
... Часто цитируемая работа R. J. Hruby, K. N. Hoffman, где описано остеопатическое манипулятивное лечение пациентов с вирусной инфекцией во время пандемии гриппа (испанский грипп) 1918-1920 гг., также носит описательный характер и представляет лишь историческую ценность. Данная работа, бесспорно, стимулирует остеопатов к продолжению исследований, сочетая их с практическим опытом и остеопатическими принципами, базируясь на строгих современных научных доказательствах [34]. ...
COVID-19, головная боль напряжения, комплексная терапия, механизм остеопатической коррекции, глимфатическая система, автономная нервная система, температурная регуляция, история болезни Источник финансирования. Исследование не финансировалось каким-либо источником. Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.
... Эта пандемия далеко не первая в истории человечества. Имеющиеся данные литературы показывают, что ранее остеопаты уже принимали активное участие в борьбе с испанским гриппом в США в 1918 г. [3,4], а в 2007 г., во время вспышки птичьего гриппа H5N1, ряд исследователей рекомендовали применять остеопатическую коррекцию [4,5]. ...
Introduction . The appearance of COVID -19 has set tasks for healthcare professionals related to the rapid diagnosis and provision of medical care to patients. Currently, intensive study of the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease continues, and of the development of new means of its prevention and treatment. At the same time, it is necessary not only to provide medical care in the acute period of the disease, but also to carry out rehabilitation measures for the consequences of a coronavirus infection. In accordance with the approved clinical recommendations, osteopathic correction in the acute period of an infectious disease is contraindicated. However, there is a potential interest of the possibility of osteopathic correction methods use during the period of convalescence, as well as within the framework of rehabilitation measures after a new coronavirus infection.
At the same time, for objective reasons, there is no data on the structure of somatic dysfunctions in this group of patients in the literature. All of the above has predetermined the purpose of the research.
The aim of the study is to draw up a map of the most common somatic dysfunctions and analyze their relationship with other subjective and objective manifestations of the disease based on the data of the osteopathic status assessing of patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID -19.
Materials and methods . A cross-sectional study was conducted on the basis of Samara medical and sanitary unit № 2 and on the basis of the Saint-Petersburg «City Mariinsky Hospital» in the period from May 2020 to March 2021. There were 70 patients under observation in the rehabilitation department who had undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID -19. There were assessed the osteopathic status of all patients (by an osteopathic doctor with using personal protective equipment) and the level of anxiety; the data was copied from medical documentation.
Results . Somatic dysfunctions of all three levels of manifestation are revealed in patients with the new coronavirus infections during the convalescence period. The global and regional somatic dysfunctions were distributed almost equally (45,7 and 54,3 %, respectively) in the structure of dominant somatic dysfunctions in patients with new coronavirus infections during the convalescence period. Patients with new coronavirus infections during the convalescence period are characterized by medium and high levels of both situational and personal anxiety. In the course of the work, a moderate positive relationship was established between a global rhythmogenic disorder (violation of the production of a thoracic rhythmic pulse) and a large volume of lung tissue damage (CT-2) according to the multispiral computed tomography of the thoracic cavity, as well as between a global psychoviscerosomatic disorder and a high level of situational anxiety.
Conclusion . Somatic dysfunctions of all three levels of manifestation are revealed in patients with new coronavirus infections during the convalescence period. In addition, this group of patients is characterized by an average and high level of both situational and personal anxiety.
The revealed correlations suggest that the inclusion of osteopathic correction in comprehensive rehabilitation programs for this group of patients may be pathogenetically reasonable.
... We draw a parallel here to some of the rather dubious osteopathic claims of efficacy during pandemics, based upon historical accounts which may lack veracity (79)(80)(81)(82). ...
Osteopathy is a health profession regulated by statute in the UK and osteopaths regularly encounter patients from a wide range of backgrounds including people with disabilities. Disabled people are underrepresented in UK osteopathy, both as patients and practitioners. We explore some of the traditional discourses of osteopathic practice and discuss the potential harms of applying these concepts to practice. Our approach is informed by a critical disability studies lens and a view that the traditional theories of health and function within osteopathy are inherently ableist and exclusionary. Our narrative is based on our position as practicing osteopaths who are disabled. We apply our discussion with reference to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
... Many of the treatments used to manage the symptoms of Spanish flu were derived from practical evidence and experience. 21,40 In 1920, following the teachings of A.T. Still, Frederic P. Millard, DO, and the experience of the osteopathic community in confronting the Spanish flu, C. Earl Miller, DO, developed what became known as the Miller thoracic pump technique. 43 Different approaches aimed to release the thoracic inlet (myofascial release), address the head (frontal and maxillary lifts) and neck region (soft tissue techniques), and release tensions in the thoracic region (pectoral traction and rib raising technique, diaphragm doming as well as muscle energy techniques). ...
... The described approaches were used to improve and maximize coordinated body functions (i.e., respiratory, circulatory, lymphatic, neurologic, metabolic, and behavioral). 21,40 Further, a series of lymphatic approaches was also used during the Spanish flu pandemic, (e.g., the thoracic, hepatic, splenic, abdominal and pedal lymphatic pump, as well as the mandibular drainage). 21,40 Gentle OMT approaches applied to the chest cage improved ventilation (i.e., the respiratory system function) and minimized complications during the Spanish flu, 29 and these OMT approaches and techniques could be applied and expanded today to manage respiratory infections. ...
... 21,40 Further, a series of lymphatic approaches was also used during the Spanish flu pandemic, (e.g., the thoracic, hepatic, splenic, abdominal and pedal lymphatic pump, as well as the mandibular drainage). 21,40 Gentle OMT approaches applied to the chest cage improved ventilation (i.e., the respiratory system function) and minimized complications during the Spanish flu, 29 and these OMT approaches and techniques could be applied and expanded today to manage respiratory infections. 21,40,44 Noll et al. 45 studied the efficacy of osteopathic manipulation as an adjunctive treatment for hospitalized patients with pneumonia, observing significant reductions in hospital length of stay (both in adults and the elderly), duration of intravenous antibiotics, and respiratory failure or death. ...
Context:
The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 was approached with a variety of management techniques available at that time, including osteopathic care in addition to standard medical care.
Objective:
To analyze the osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques used for the management of patients affected by the Spanish flu according to four themes: the principles and procedures used, frequency and length of OMT, reported side effects, and advice for patients.
Methods:
A structured review of the literature was performed by hand-searching texts at the Museum of Osteopathic Medicine International Center for Osteopathic History in Kirksville, Missouri, and online via PubMed (National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect (Elsevier), and Google Scholar (Google, Inc). The literature search was carried out between February and March 2020. Three keywords were selected from the medical subject headings database of the National Library of Medicine: manipulation, osteopathic; influenza pandemic, 1918-1919; epidemics. Articles were then reviewed for relevance by screening for articles published between 1900 and 1940 that contained at least 1 of the following keywords in their title: Spanish influenza, flu, epidemic, grippe, pneumonia, or osteopathic management/treatment. All articles that provided information about OMT and advice met the inclusion criteria. Articles that did not report descriptions of manipulative intervention were excluded.
Results:
Our search yielded 63 articles: 23 from the hand-search and 40 from the electronic search. No electronic source was selected for the review because none met inclusion criteria. A total of 16 articles from the hand-searched set met inclusion criteria and were analyzed according to the four main themes stated in the objective. The range of OMT approaches reported to be administered to patients with Spanish flu suggests that early osteopathic physicians treated patients with this disease using OMT in addition to offering advice on healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Conclusion:
Conclusions from this study are limited by the historical and descriptive nature of the data gathered, which lacked the rigor of modern-day scientific studies. However, this review could lead to future research inquiries on the effectiveness of these approaches. Osteopathic physicians and osteopaths should embrace their historical osteopathic heritage by continuing the work of our predecessors and combining their hands-on experience and osteopathic principles with modern medical treatment and rigorous scientific standards.
... Historically, osteopathic medicine played an important part in 1918 against the Spanish flu in the USA 17,18 and physicians and scientists have recommended OMT against H5N1 avian flu in 2007. 18,19 The aim of this review is to assess the potential influence of OMT on every pertinent aspect of COVID-19, in order to determine the preventive, curative and palliative role that could be played by osteopaths in this pandemic and similar future situations. ...
... 27 A specific category of OMT techniques generally referred to as 'pump techniques' are promoted to influence the lymphatic circulation. 19 During pump techniques, the lymph flow is increased as well as the total leukocytes count (neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+T, CD8+T, IgG, IgA 1 ) in the thoracic and mesenteric duct lymph. 28À30 Pump techniques also increase the mobilization of leukocytes into the lymphatic circulation from the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues (GALT is "the largest mass of lymphoid tissue in the body" and produces ...
Although the COVID-19 pandemic affects predominantly the respiratory function, epidemiological studies show that multiple systems can be affected. The severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection seem to be induced by an inflammatory dysregulation (“cytokine storm”), which can also induce an immunodepression. Several studies highlight beneficial effects of osteopathic medicine on inflammation and immune regulation. A careful review of evidence-based literature brings to the fore significant improvements of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in adjunction to conventional care. OMT can improve the condition of infected patients by decreasing symptoms and boosting the efficiency of conventional care. OMT might also benefit surviving patients by reducing the long-lasting consequences of the infection as well as improving their quality of life during convalescence. This review should constitute an argument in favor of multidisciplinary care, although further biological and clinical research is essential to better assess the potential beneficial contributions of adjunct osteopathic medicine to conventional care in the fight against pandemics such as COVID-19.
