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Habitat of Typha domingensis (Niš-Dobrič valley, Oblačina Salt area, relic remain of Lake Oblačinsko; photo P. Uotila)
Source publication
Typha domingensis (Pers.) Steud. was discovered as a species new to Serbia during the post-congress excursion of the 5 th Balkan Botanical Congress (Belgrade), on the shore of Lake Oblačinsko in September 2009. A short morphological description and the general distribution and habitat traits of the species in Serbia are given.
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the post-congress excursion of the 5 th Balkan Botanical Congress in Belgrade in September 2009 to East Serbia one of the localities visited was a small natural inland water body, Lake Oblačinsko in the Niš-Dobrič valley, neighbored by the Oblačina Salt area, at present largely cultivated fi elds. Th e lake is almost circular in outline and c. 450–500 m in diameter. It represents the vestige of a large Neogene Lake formerly situated between Aleksinac and Leskovac, being actually a reduced remain of one bay of that lake. Th e water level of Lake Oblačinsko was lowered c. twenty years ago due to hydromeliorative eff orts in the surrounding agricultural grounds and the construction of an artifi cial lake 5 km upstream, and the mutated distance between the previous and present shoreline is c. 50 m. At the present-day shore of Lake Oblačinsko we discovered a Typha colony which was immediately identifi ed as being made up of Typha domingensis . In Flora of SR Serbia (Janković 1976, Budak 1986; Jovanović 1986), fi ve other Typha species are recorded, viz. Typha angustifolia L., Typha latifolia L., Typha laxmannii Lepech., Typha minima Funck and Typha shuttleworthii W.D.J. Koch & Sond. No previous literature reference on the occurrence of T. domingensis in Serbia was found, and no specimen of the latter was traced in herbaria of Belgrade, thence we concluded that T. domingensis is a new species for the Serbian fl ora. Th e collected herbarium specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universität Berlin (B), the Herbarium of the Natural History Museum in Belgrade (BEO), the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, University of Belgrade (BEOU) and the Herbarium of the Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki (H) (Holmgren et al. 1990; . org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp). Th e morphological description of T. domingensis given hereunder is based on individuals collected by the authors from the local population, with some qualitative and quantitative characters added according to Flora Europaea (Cook 1980), Flora of Turkey (Baytop 1984) and Flora Iberica (Cirujano 2008). Th e location of the population is given in a map of Serbia with 10 x 10 km2 UTM grid system (Lampinen 2001). Stem robust, up to 2(3) m or more. Leaf-sheaths usually open at throat; sheath-margins free, usually tapering into a pale to yellowish-green 5–12(14) mm wide lamina. Fleshy leaf sheaths provided with abundant brown mucilaginous glands. Flowering stems equaling or slightly shorter than leaves. Male and female spikes of infl orescence separated by 0.5–7 cm. Female spike (6)15–25(42) × 1.5–2.5 cm when ripe, 10 or more times as long as wide, light (cinnamon) brown. Female fl owers with obovate- apiculate, pale brown, translucent, fragile scales; stigmas linear, darker than the scales, at least as long as scales and hairs. Male spike mostly 1.5 × as long as female, 12-38 cm. Male fl owers with linear scales oft en laciniate at apex; some scales are simple, others dilated and forked at apex. Anthers 2–3 mm; pollen-grains usually single. Seeds 0.8– 1.2 mm, dehiscent. 2n = 30. (Fig.1) Typha domingensis is sometimes confused with T. angustifolia , which has on an average narrower leaves and spikes, and usually auriculate top of leaf sheaths without or with scattered glands. However, already from a distance T. domingensis is usually easy to recognize of the spike color: its spikes are light brown, whereas T. angustifolia has darker cinnamon brown (but not blackish brown) spikes. Th e most reliable character can be found from female spikes: the sterile spathulate scales of T. angustifolia are dark brown, opaque and obtuse at apex, those of T. domingensis are pale brown, translucent and acute or apiculate at apex. General distribution. Distribution of Typha domingensis includes the Mediterranean and submediterranean areas of Europe, Macaronesia, tropical, subtropical and temperate Africa, Asia, America and Australia; the species is also naturalized in Hawaii. It is common in the Mediterranean area, where T. angustifolia , in contrast, is quite rare. According to Flora Europaea (Cook 1980), T. domingensis is distributed in all southern territories of Europe, except for Romania where it has been given with a question mark. However, according to Ţopa (1966: 100, sub T. australis Schumach. & Th onn.), it is recorded in several localities of that country. For the former Yugoslavia, it is known from Croatia (Nikolić 2006), Montenegro (Rohlena 1942: 499, sub T. angustata Bory & Chaub.) and the Republic of Macedonia (Vandas 1909: 561 and Bornmüller 1928: 123, both sub T. angustata ). Distribution in Serbia. East Serbia, Niš-Dobrič valley, Oblačina Salt area, relic remains of Lake Oblačinsko, UTM EN59, (leg. Raus 31089 (B), Uotila, Raus, Niketić & Tomović 30276 (BEOU, BEO), Uotila 48429 (H); all 14 Sept. 2009). (Fig.2) Lake Oblačinsko is a part of the Serbian IPA region of the Niš-Dobrič valley. From a phytogeographic point of view, the Niš-Dobrič valley belongs to the Middle- European region, Balkan subregion and Western Moesian subprovince with strong submediterranean and pontic infl uences. Habitat description. Th e shore of Lake Oblačinsko is very fl at. Th e vegetation at the shoreline and in shallow water is formed by dense reed colonies of Typha domingensis and Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.) Palla and, to a lesser extent, Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla (s. lat.). Lakeward this belt follows a zone of dense submerged vegetation which, in reed gaps, stretches up to the shore line. Th e predominant species are Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner (syn. Potamogeton pectinatus L.). On the wide grazed meadow of the adjacent clayey geolitoral grow, e.g., Atriplex prostrata DC., Chenopodium glaucum L., Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterp.) Schrad., Cyperus fl avescens L., Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort., Cerastium fontanum Baumg. and Plantago major subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange. Behind the c. 1 m high lake shore bank there are saline vegetation patches with, e.g., Festuca pseudovina Wiesb., Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl., Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze, Matricaria chamomilla L., Lotus corniculatus L., Bupleurum tenuissimum L., Camphorosma monspeliaca L., Lepidium perfoliatum L., Mentha pulegium L., Polygonum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. etc. From the richness in halophytes or halotolerants among the vascular plant species locally accompanying T. domingensis one can assume a certain amount of salinity in the water body of Lake Oblačinsko which we consider to be slightly brackish although we had no immediate opportunity to carry out chemical analyses. (Fig. 3) Th is coincides with the observation easily made along the seashores and estuaries of the Ionian and Aegean Seas where T. domingensis is the species of the genus Typha which most successfully invades and colonizes tidal, brackish habitats. In southern Europe, Typha domingensis is a predominantly Mediterranean geoelement and its fi nding in Eastern Serbia represents the most continental record within the species range in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. Th e occurrences nearest to Lake Oblačinsko are in the Republic of Macedonia, in Rosomani (Vandas 1909: 561), in Montenegro near Novi Bar (Rohlena 1942: 499) and in Bulgaria in the Struma valley (Andreev 1992: 762). Th e presence of T. domingensis in Lake Oblačinsko is evidence of the noticeable impact of the Mediterranean- submediterranean climate in this region of Serbia. Th e comparatively great similarity with other species of the genus Typha (especially with T. angustifolia ) is the probable reason why the species has not been noted for the Serbian fl ora so far. Having in mind that there are similar salty habitats in the vicinity, such as Lalinačka salt marsh, as well as in southern Serbia (Aleksandrovačka salt marsh near the city of Vranje), additional fi nds of T. domingensis from these regions are to be expected. Acknowledgements – Th e Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia has supported this research under Grant ...
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Citations
... This plant develops dense and extensive rhizomes that propagate and grow even in difficult conditions, which promotes a greater oxygen transfer and increases contaminant removal efficiencies (Li et al. 2010a). In addition, this plant has certain suitable morphological characteristics such as its size, robustness of its stem as well as surface area of its leaves (Uotila et al. 2019) that allows greater adsorption and elimination of complex organic waste. Its roots provide a pathway or hydraulic route through which the substrate to be treated flows (Li et al. 2010a), allowing the development of a large variety of microorganisms within the system (rhizosphere), which contribute to the degradation of pollutants (Shehzadi et al. 2014). ...
A treatment system composed of a double-chamber anaerobic (DCA) reactor in conjunction with a constructed wetland (CW) of horizontal sub-surface flow, for the treatment of leachates generated in the municipal sanitary landfill of a typical mid-sized city was investigated. The aim of this work was to assess the capability of the system to remove pollutants such as organic load, nutrients and solids. The system was evaluated at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 7.97, 5.31 and 2.88 days. The highest removal efficiencies for the system were obtained at HRT of 7.97 days and were 89% and 91% for TCOD and BOD, respectively. In the case of NO3⁻, NO2⁻, NH4⁺ and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), their removal rates were estimated at 88%, 93%, 93% and 85%, respectively; whilst for TS, TVS and TTSS they were 88%, 86% and 90%, respectively, again at HRT of 7.97 d. Efficiencies of 78%, 83% and 77% were obtained respectively for TCOD, BOD and TKN in DCA reactor at HRT of 1.5 d. Typha domingensis was identified as a species capable of adapting to the physicochemical conditions of the leachate, exhibiting an average growth of 196 cm. In leachate there were found low concentrations of heavy metals, being aluminum the metal with the highest concentrations (between 3.31–10.09 mg/L). Results show that it is feasible to implement the DCA reactor in series with a constructed wetland for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachates. Therefore, this system can be replicated for the treatment of leachates with similar conditions.
... Grace and Harrison, 1986;Snow et al., 2010;Kirk et al., 2011). Typha latifolia was differentiated from T. domingensis by its relatively wide leaves and female inflorescences, and also by the gap between male and female inflorescences that is present in T. domingensis but not T. latifolia (Uotila et al., 2010 andChoi, 2011). Typha angustifolia was differentiated from T. laxmanni by the relatively large gap between male and female inflorescences in T. angustifolia, and the relatively short female inflorescence in T. laxmannii (Kim et al., 2003;Baryła et al., 2005). ...
... Typha angustifolia was differentiated from T. laxmanni by the relatively large gap between male and female inflorescences in T. angustifolia, and the relatively short female inflorescence in T. laxmannii (Kim et al., 2003;Baryła et al., 2005). Typha angustifolia was differentiated from T. domingensis by its relatively narrow leaves, and its darker brown seed heads (Uotila et al., 2010). We did not find any plants that appeared to be Typha minima, which can be identified by leaf-like bracts below the female and male inflorescences, and relatively short female inflorescences (Baryła et al., 2005). ...
Cattails (Typha spp.) are essential components of wetland around the world, although they can also be problematic invaders. In some regions of North America, T. latifolia and T. angustifolia hybridize to produce T. x glauca, which is invading and dominating wetlands around the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, in other regions such as China and the maritime provinces of Canada, hybrids are either non-existent or maintained at very low frequencies, and cattails are not considered invasive. Little is known about cattail hybrids in Europe. We used microsatellite markers to characterize T. latifolia, T. angustifolia, T. laxmannii, and T. domingensis sampled from 63 sites across nine European countries. Hybrids were very uncommon ( < 2% of all sampled plants), and resulted from crosses involving two of T. latifolia, T. angustifolia and T. domingensis. Infrequent hybridization may partly explain why Typha does not dominate European wetlands. However, we identified two distinct genetic clusters within T. angustifolia, broadly corresponding to eastern and western Europe. In addition, our T. laxmannii samples were from countries where it is considered alien, and populations show a high degree of genetic differentiation that is consistent with independent introductions. Managers should continue to monitor range expansions of Typha spp. in Europe, partly because novel interactions among species and lineages may increase the likelihood of future hybridization.
