Figure 7- - uploaded by Claudio Nicoletti de Fraga
Content may be subject to copyright.
Habit and detail of the inflorescence and flowers-a-b. Hohenbergia aechmeoides Leme. c-d. H. arcuata Leme & M. Machado. e-f. H. barbarespina Leme & Fraga. g-h. H. reconcavensis Leme & Fraga (photos: E. Leme).
Source publication
From 1990 to 2006, 2,875 new angiosperm species were described in Brazil, including 280 newBromeliaceae species. This publication rate is considered to be a useful indicator of floristic richness andalso reveals the huge gaps in our knowledge of species that make up Brazilian biomes and the importanceof taxonomy as a basic tool to assess biodiversi...
Similar publications
The term ‘biodiversity’ refers to the totality of genus, species and ecosystem of a region. The total number of races, varieties or species i.e., the sum total of various types of plants, animals and microbes present in a system is known as biological diversity or biodiversity. Whether or not a species can occur on a site depends on the environment...
6
Biodiversity and Conservation
6.1. CONCEPT OF BIODIVERSITY
The term ‘biodiversity’ refers to the totality of genus, species and ecosystem of a region. The total number of races, varieties or species i.e., the sum total of various types of plants, animals and microbes present in a system is known as biological diversity or biodiversity. Whether or...
Citations
... & Barfuss, and Tillandsia L.), forming impressive vertical mats (Couto et al. in press). These extremophile mat communities occur in one of the most extreme and neglected habitats in the tropics, where new species of bromeliads are constantly discovered, mainly related to the genus Stigmatodon, which is endemic to Brazil (Leme et al. 2010a(Leme et al. , 2014(Leme et al. , 2022Couto et al. 2020aCouto et al. , 2020b. ...
Background and aims – Stigmatodon (Bromeliaceae) is a monophyletic genus currently comprising 33 species, all endemic to rocky outcrops, mainly inselbergs, from the Atlantic Forest and campos rupestres of the Espinhaço range, Brazil.
Material and methods – Our fieldwork in the inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest of the state of Espírito Santo led to the discovery of a new Stigmatodon species with a tubo-laciniate stigma type. Standard herbarium taxonomy practices were adopted to study the novelty. Morphological data were obtained from herbarium specimens and fresh material collected in the field.
Key results – Stigmatodon lemeanus is here described and illustrated. Diagnostic characters and affinities of the new species are discussed, accompanied by notes on its ecology, geographic distribution, and conservation status. A key to the species of Stigmatodon from Espírito Santo state is provided. The novelty is similar to S. goniorachis from coastal inselbergs of Rio de Janeiro and S. attenuatoides , another inselberg endemic from southern Espírito Santo. Stigmatodon lemeanus is preliminarily assessed as Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Additionally, we present a new combination of Tillandsia oligantha in Stigmatodon , correcting a nomenclatural error.
... The increasing number of botanical surveys on these formations in the last two decades has resulted in many new taxa described in recent years (e.g. Assis 2003;Fraga 2004;Fraga and Smidt 2004;Fraga and Feres 2007;Leme and Kollmann 2007, 2009Wanderley 2007, 2010;Kollmann 2008;Leme et al. , 2010aLeme et al. , 2010bFraga and Kollmann 2010;Chiron and Bolsanello, 2012;Goldenberg et al. 2012;Meirelles et al. 2012;Reginato and Goldenberg 2013;Coser et al. 2013;Fraga and Guimarães 2014;Fraga et al. , 2017Almeida and Amorim 2015;Goldenberg and Kollmann 2015;Meyer et al. 2016Meyer et al. , 2018Oliveira and Sobrado 2018;Monge et al. 2018Monge et al. , 2021Bochorny and Goldenberg 2019;Chautems et al. 2019;Valadares et al. 2019;Kollmann 2020a, 2020b;Couto et al. 2020aCouto et al. , 2020bCouto et al. , 2021. Though only recently described, these new species are already considered to be threatened or have joined the regional list of threatened species in the state of Esp ırito Santo (Fraga et al. 2019), with ornamental rock mining being the main threat to angiosperms in the region (Couto et al. 2019;Dutra et al. 2019). ...
Four new species of Mandevilla from inselbergs in Espírito Santo, Brazil are described, including illustrations, and maps. Mandevilla declinata resembles M. crassinoda but differs by leaf blades acuminate to long acuminate and longer corolla. Mandevilla fornograndensis is distinguished from morphologically similar species by its yellow corolla. Mandevilla mysteriosa is morphologically similar to M. lucida but differs by its longer petioles, leaf blade characters, shorter corolla tube, and smaller anthers; Mandevilla obovata resembles M. hatschbachii, but it is separated by its puberulent leaves, longer sepals, and white corolla. An informal evaluation of the conservation status according to IUCN guidelines is proposed for each species: M. declinata (VU: D2), M. fornograndensis (VU: D2), M. mysteriosa (VU: D2), and M. obovata (VU: B1ab(i,ii,iii)+2ab(i,ii,iii)). A key to the species of Mandevilla in Espírito Santo is included.
... The Atlantic Forest is recognized as a biologically important domain and a high priority for conservation (Mittermeier et al. 2011), since only 28% of its original native vegetation is left and its small fragments are embedded in a matrix of degraded vegetation, agricultural and forestry areas, as well as several metropolitan cities (Ribeiro et al. 2009;Rezende et al. 2018). There have been efforts to learn more about Atlantic Forest biodiversity, highlighted by some recently described species (Leme et al. 2010;Pessoa and Alves 2015;Bacci et al. 2018;Monge et al. 2018Monge et al. , 2019Morales and Kollmann 2020;Tuler et al. 2020). ...
The Atlantic Forest is the most species rich vegetation in Brazil and holds several phytophysiognomies, including the vegetation on inselbergs, which is a very stressful xeric environment that selects for very specialized biota. Cololobus is an endemic genus from Atlantic Forest inselbergs of eastern Brazil, and Cololobus ruschianus is a new species based on morphological evidence, differing from other species of the genus by its morphological traits in petioles, subinvolucral bracts, and outer involucral bracts. Cololobus ruschianus occurs in Santa Teresa, Esp ırito Santo State, Brazil and would likely be considered Critically Endangered (CR), based on the criteria of the IUCN red list.
... Also noteworthy is the high number of new species described within the family each year (e.g. Leme et al. 2010;Leme & Kollmann 2011;Pontes 2012;Versieux et al. 2013;Coser et al. 2013;Büneker et al. 2014Büneker et al. , 2015. ...
A new species of rupicolous Tillandsia from the Mantiqueira mountain range in Southern Minas Gerais State is described based on morphology and leaf anatomy. This new taxon is close to T. nuptialis. The known distribution and conservation status of this new species are discussed.
... In many cases, the vertical rock slopes exceed 100 meters in height, making these large cliff ecosystems (Larson et al. 2000) difficult to access and, consequently, underexplored. Nevertheless, many Stigmatodon species in these habitats have been described in the last 20 years (Leme & Brown 2004, Leme et al. 2010, Leme et al. 2014, and many of them are mat forming (de Paula et al. 2016). ...
During the taxonomic revision of the genus Stigmatodon, we found an unknown epilithic mat-forming species, morphologically close to S. belloi, on vertical granitic surfaces on inselbergs in southern Espírito Santo state, Brazil. We described and illustrated the new species, including a comparative analysis of characters that distinguish it from similar species. We also provide data on habitat, ecology, geographical distribution and evaluation about its threat of extinction according to the criteria of the IUCN.
... Hohenbergia is a difficult group to identify in the field, the infrageneric delimitation is confusing and the large number of species described incompletely in the past, makes it difficult to identify the species and characterize news one (Smith & Down 1979, Baracho 2003. Despite that, several species from Brazil have been described in the last decade, particularly from the Northeastern region [e.g., Hohenbergia aechmeoides Leme (2010: 38), H. arcuata Leme & Machado (2010: 41), H. barbarespina Leme & Fraga (2010: 42), H. reconcavensis Leme & Fraga (2010: 43), H. isepponae Oliveira & Wanderley (2017: 286), H. magnispina Leme (2010: 134), H. igatuensis Leme (2010: 136), H. lativaginata Maciel & Louzada (2014: 156)] (Leme 2010, Maciel & Louzada 2014, Oliveira & Wanderley 2017. However, an identification key for the genus is still scarce or outdated, with the work of Baracho (2003) providing an identification key, which covers less than 60 % of the current diversity of the genus, with species determination remaining difficult. ...
We describe a new species of Hohenbergia (Bromeliaceae) from Brazil, H. ituberaensis, a rare species, so far only known from Ituberá municipality, Bahia State, in an area of the Atlantic Forest. The species is similar to H. stellata, presenting a pinkish inflorescence, congested and non-divided branches, pinkish and large floral bracts hiding the sepals, spatulate petals with a slightly reflexed apex. However, it differs by the white petals, as a diagnostic characteristic. The type specimen was collected in a small forest fragment and here this species is categorized as Vulnerable. Additionally, we compared this new species to Hohenbergia belemii and H. capitata, which are also similar to H. stellata, due to the red/pinkish characteristics of the branches, with large flowers and well-developed floral bracts. An illustration, an occurrence map, taxonomic comments and a table comparing the main characters of these four species are provided.
... The two sections Vriesea and Xiphion have been reevaluated based on more recent phylogenetic studies (Barfuss et al. 2005(Barfuss et al. , 2016. These sections are traditionally separated by floral characteristics (Smith & Till 1998), and by the time of floral anthesis, and flower scent (Leme et al. 2010(Leme et al. , 2017. The typical section, V. sect. ...
... The typical section, V. sect. Vriesea, is recognised by the presence of odourless diurnal flowers, with ligulate petals and tubular corol-las, brightly coloured floral bracts and calyx, varying from red to yellow colour, exserted stamens, and pollination mainly by hummingbirds (Leme et al. 2010(Leme et al. , 2017. In contrast, section Xiphion comprises species with nocturnal flowers, oboval sepals, floral bracts faintly coloured (e.g. ...
... In contrast, section Xiphion comprises species with nocturnal flowers, oboval sepals, floral bracts faintly coloured (e.g. green to brown), included stamens, and pollination mostly by bats (Leme et al. 2010(Leme et al. , 2017. Both sections present an overlap in the colour of the floral bracts and position of stamens in respect to the corolla (Costa et al. 2007Wanderley & Martins 2007;Gomes-da-Silva et al. 2012), detected as homoplastic characters in the cladistic analysis of Gomes-da-Silva and Souza-Chies (2018). ...
As a contribution to the infrageneric delimitation in the genus Vriesea pollen morphology of 17 species of the genus is described, with original data for 14 of the species. The pollen grains are heteropolar, with ellipsoidal amb, monosulcate, sulci marginate, reticulate with calota microreticulate or psilate-perforate. Variations in the dimensions of the structures, presence or absence of microreticula surrounding the lumina of the reticulum, type of ornamentation on the equatorial calota, difference in the exine thickness, and walls simplecolumellate or duplicolumellate, have helped in the separation of groups, and were important for the Palynotaxonomy of the genus. Proximity between species previously grouped by vegetative, reproductive and/or anatomical structures similarity, was confirmed for V. friburgensis and V. neoglutinosa, and for V. medusa and V. nanuzae. Vriesea bituminosa and V. neoglutinosa have demonstrated to share palynological similarities, although belonging to different sections, Xiphion and Vriesea, respectively. The pollen grains of V. flava and V. philippocoburgii, both from section Vriesea, were very similar, despite neither presenting similarities in the reproductive characters nor a close molecular phylogenetic relationship, thus suggesting a convergent evolution for this character. Such findings confirm the weakness of the delimitations of these two sections reported by previous studies. Our results allowed an improved morphological characterisation of genus Vriesea and could contributed to a biossytematic approach towards the resolution of species complexes.
... Simple* Equaling to exceeding ovary* Present* Table 1 -Taxonomic characters that differ among the species Pitcairnia ulei, Pitcairnia bradei, and Pitcairnia cristalinensis, which were observed in this study. *Information for Pitcairnia bradei and P. cristalinensis were based on Flora do Brasil (2020) and Leme (1995), respectively. ...
This study provided an amendment to the original description for Pitcairnia ulei (Pitcairnioideae - Bromeliaceae).
... Until now, the widely accepted concept of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera has been based on inflorescence and flower morphology, with c. 30 species sharing simple, strobiliform or rarely digitate, polystichous and often perennial inflorescences, coriaceous or ligneous floral bracts, free or connate sepals and reduced or absent petal appendages (Smith & Downs, 1979;Leme & Kollmann, 2009, 2011Leme et al., 2010Leme et al., , 2014Leme, 2010;Maciel, Louzada & Alves, 2014;Sousa & Wanderley, 2014). Additionally, A. subgenus Chevaliera is recognized as the only group in Bromelioideae that combines massive and strobiliform inflorescences with large rosettes forming dense clumps (Smith & Downs, 1979;Silva, 2003;Sousa, 2004;Maciel, Zizka & Alves, 2015). ...
... These species occur in Central America, the Andes, Amazon and Atlantic Forest, displaying a disjunct distribution between northern and eastern South America. The Atlantic Forest along the east coast of Brazil is the centre of diversity for this species group (Smith & Downs, 1979;Canela et al., 2003;Silva, 2003;Sousa, 2004;Leme & Kollmann, 2009, 2011Leme, 2010;Leme et al., 2010Leme et al., , 2014Maciel et al., 2014Maciel et al., , 2015Sousa & Wanderley, 2014). Silva (2003) provided an improved concept of A. subgenus Chevaliera as given by Smith & Downs (1979). ...
... This point of view is similar to that of Mez (1896) Mez and A. veitchii Baker] and kept the Atlantic species as the separate genus Chevaliera. The results of Silva (2003) become more relevant from the perspective of geographical conservatism in phylogenetics of Bromelioideae, which means that species with morphological affinities and sharing geographical patterns tend to be monophyletic (Sass & Specht, 2010 (Leme & Siqueira-Filho, 2001;Leme & Silva, 2002;Canela et al., 2003;Leme & Kollmann, 2009, 2011Leme, 2010;Maciel et al., 2014). ...
A better understanding of the phylogenetics of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera is hampered by the limited taxonomic sampling in molecular studies of Bromelioideae. To test the monophyly of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic study using three DNA regions (ETS, matK and phyC) and a reconstruction of ancestral states of morphological characters. Our sampling included 22 of the up to 30 species recorded in the subgenus. Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera turned out to be clearly polyphyletic, with Amazonian species previously included in A. subgenus Chevaliera being found in separate clades of the phylogenetic tree for Bromelioideae. Two distinct groups comprise the majority of the Atlantic species up to now grouped in Chevaliera. The first of these, referred to as the A. multiflora group, includes seven species related to A. multiflora. The second group includes 11 species, referred to as the A. sphaerocephala group. Morphological analyses show that the A. multiflora and A. sphaerocephala groups are convergent in plant size, growth form and inflorescence morphology. The groups can morphologically be best differentiated based on the margin of the floral bracts and petal colour.
... Until now, the widely accepted concept of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera has been based on inflorescence and flower morphology, with c. 30 species sharing simple, strobiliform or rarely digitate, polystichous and often perennial inflorescences, coriaceous or ligneous floral bracts, free or connate sepals and reduced or absent petal appendages (Smith & Downs, 1979;Leme & Kollmann, 2009, 2011Leme et al., 2010Leme et al., , 2014Leme, 2010;Maciel, Louzada & Alves, 2014;Sousa & Wanderley, 2014). Additionally, A. subgenus Chevaliera is recognized as the only group in Bromelioideae that combines massive and strobiliform inflorescences with large rosettes forming dense clumps (Smith & Downs, 1979;Silva, 2003;Sousa, 2004;Maciel, Zizka & Alves, 2015). ...
... These species occur in Central America, the Andes, Amazon and Atlantic Forest, displaying a disjunct distribution between northern and eastern South America. The Atlantic Forest along the east coast of Brazil is the centre of diversity for this species group (Smith & Downs, 1979;Canela et al., 2003;Silva, 2003;Sousa, 2004;Leme & Kollmann, 2009, 2011Leme, 2010;Leme et al., 2010Leme et al., , 2014Maciel et al., 2014Maciel et al., , 2015Sousa & Wanderley, 2014). Silva (2003) provided an improved concept of A. subgenus Chevaliera as given by Smith & Downs (1979). ...
A better understanding of the phylogenetics of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera is hampered by the limited taxonomic sampling in molecular studies of Bromelioideae. To test the monophyly of Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic study using three DNA regions (ETS, matK and phyC) and a reconstruction of ancestral states of morphological characters. Our sampling included 22 of the up to 30 species recorded in the subgenus. Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera turned out to be clearly polyphyletic, with Amazonian species previously included in A. subgenus Chevaliera being found in separate clades of the phylogenetic tree for Bromelioideae. Two distinct groups comprise the majority of the Atlantic species up to now grouped in Chevaliera. The first of these, referred to as the A. multiflora group, includes seven species related to A. multiflora. The second group includes 11 species, referred to as the A. sphaerocephala group. Morphological analyses show that the A. multiflora and A. sphaerocephala groups are convergent in plant size, growth form and inflorescence morphology. The groups can morphologically be best differentiated based on the margin of the floral bracts and petal colour. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Bromelioideae-evolution-floral bracts-flower-inflorescence-plant size-taxonomy.
