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HR-TEM images of GO (a), bare WO3 (b), hybrid rGO/WO3 nanocomposite (c, d) and SAED patterns of WO3 (e), and hybrid rGO/WO3 nanocomposite (f) samples
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Ozone-sensing characteristics of pure WO3 and hybrid rGO/WO3 nanocomposite materials synthesised by hydrothermal method were investigated. The physicochemical properties of prepared samples were studied by XRD, FTIR, Raman, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, and XPS analysis. The XRD analysis confirmed the monoclinic structure of WO3 with an average crystallite size...
Citations
... Two peaks were visible on the C 1s spectrum ( Figure S1): one at 285 eV and the other at 288.4 eV. The first peak indicated sp 2 -hybridized carbon (C-C), while the second peak indicated O-C=O [104,106]. The XPS results confirmed the successful incorporation of the Hematite NPs into the CeO 2 NPs and the Au NPs, which aligns with the XRD and EDX results. ...
Developing photocatalytic nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical features using low-cost and eco-friendly synthetic methods is highly desirable in wastewater treatment. In this work, the magnetically separable α-Fe2O3-CeO2 nanocomposite (NC), with its respective metal oxides of α-Fe2O3 and CeO2 nanoparticles, was synthesized using a combination of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CATB) and ascorbic acid via the hydrothermal method. To tune the band gap, the heterojunction nanocomposite of α-Fe2O3-CeO2 was decorated with plasmonic Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). The various characterization methods, such as FTIR, UV-vis DRS, XRD, XPS, TEM, EDX, SEM, and PL, were used to determine the properties of the materials, including their morphology, elemental composition, optical properties, band gap energy, and crystalline phase. The nanocomposite of α-Fe2O3-CeO2@Au was utilized to remove Rose Bengal (RB) dye from wastewater using a photocatalytic technique when exposed to visible light. A comprehensive investigation of the impact of the catalyst concentration and initial dye concentration was conducted to establish the optimal photodegradation conditions. The maximum photocatalytic efficiency of α-Fe2O3-CeO2@Au (50 mg L−1) for RB (20 ppm) dye removal was found to be 88.9% in 120 min under visible-light irradiation at a neutral pH of 7 and 30 °C. Various scavengers, such as benzoquinone (BQ; 0.5 mM), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA; 0.5 mM), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 0.5 mM), were used to investigate the effects of different free radicals on the photocatalytic process. Furthermore, the reusability of the α-Fe2O3-CeO2@Au photocatalyst has also been explored. Furthermore, the investigation of the potential mechanism demonstrated that the heterojunction formed between α-Fe2O3 and CeO2, in combination with the presence of deposited Au NPs, led to an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency by effectively separating the photogenerated electron (e−)–hole (h+) pairs.
... The properties of GO include a high surface area, high chemical functionality, and prevention of agglomeration which provide high capacity and conductivity for WO 3 . The synergistic effect between GO and WO 3 enhances the physio-chemical properties and improves the supercapacitive behavior of pure WO 3 -NRs [23]. Based on the literature review, various nanostructured GO/WO 3 hybrid NSs have been developed for energy storage. ...
... Along with the characteristic peaks of Co 3 O 4 , two additional peaks have been observed at 2θ = 26.209 • and 43.17 • that manifested the presence of rGO in CG [38]. Fig. 5 (c) XRD pattern of ternary with different PANI compositions CGP1, CGP2, and CGP3 in which two typical diffraction peaks of semi-crystalline emeraldine salt form of PANI were observed at 2θ = 20.7 • , and 25.65 • well indexed with (JCPDS 00-044-0141) besides the other peaks of constituents in the ternary composite [39,40]. ...
... A slightly shifted key broadband at 822 and 742 cm − 1 predicts a desirable W-O network configuration. The changes in peak position indicate the lengthening of the W -O bond and which is caused by the distortion of the W-O bond[28]. The discussed literature and observed FT-IR spectra revealed that the WO 3 -NSs material is crystalline.Raman spectroscopy is used to look into the chemical composition of H-WO 3 , M-WO 3 , and T-WO 3 NSs(Fig. ...
n this study, we have developed a feasible and eco-friendly electrode material for supercapacitor (SCs) application by effectively synthesizing different morphological structures of tungsten oxide nanostructures (WO3-NSs). The concentrated acids play a crucial role in the synthesis of WO3-NSs and are employed to evaluate the electrochemical activity. The stable phase formation and the crystal structures of WO3-NSs were confirmed by thermogravimetric and X-ray analysis. From the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the hexagonal-shaped nanosheets, one-dimensional nanorods (1D NRs), and heterogeneous non-uniform agglomerated nanosheets were observed for the WO3-NSs. The presence of functional groups and the stretching-bending vibrations of Wsingle bondO bonds were detected by Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) offers a more in-depth morphological, structural, and elemental composition and electronic states investigation of the optimized WO3-NRs. Additionally, the electrochemical properties of the WO3-NSs have been examined in 1 M KOH electrolyte using Nickel Foam (NF) as a current collector. Furthermore, the M-WO3-NF electrode reveals higher specific capacity (Csp) and gravimetric capacitance (Cg) of 72 mAh/g and 600 F/g with high energy density (Ed) of 17 Wh/kg, and power density (Pd) of 321 W/kg as well as the superior Columbic efficiency (96.9 %) at 5 mA/cm2. The M-WO3 electrode exhibits 91 % capacitive retention over 5000 cycles. The M-WO3-NF is used as the cathode and activated carbon (AC) as the anode in the design of an aqueous hybrid supercapacitor (AHSC) device. Notably, the M-WO3-NF//AC-NF device offers a Pd of 1060 W/kg at an Ed of 9 Wh/kg and remarkable electrochemical stability of 80 % over 3000 charge-discharge cycles. These results highlight the excellent electrochemical functionality and advantages of the M-WO3-NRs as a promising cathode for practical energy-storage systems.
... The stretching and bridging vibrations of W-O int -W in the WO 3 nanoparticles are also shown by large IR bands at 807 cm −1 and 684 cm −1 . 55,56 (1) D = K cos ...
The resistive type of graphite/WO 3 nanocomposite-based humidity sensor is fabricated through screen printing on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Three different nanocomposite-based humidity sensors have been fabricated and analyzed for their humidity-sensing characteristics. The structure elucidation of the nanocomposite was carried out using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. By exposing the printed humidity sensor to relative humidity ranging from 11% to 97% at room temperature, its capabilities were studied. The relative resistance, sensitivity, dynamic response, and hysteresis were determined for all three devices, and they showed maximum responses towards relative humidity changes with the highest sensitivity of ≈ 60.8% and excellent hysteresis curves (maximum change of ≈ 1%). The screen-printed flexible humidity sensor exhibited less than a 5% change in the internal electrical resistance when subjected to various bending angles.
... At present, in many practical applications, it is necessary to attach electronic devices to the surface of organisms to detect movement or their physical condition, such as flexible displays, flexible supercapacitors, electronic skin, and so on [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In recent years, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted much attention as a one-dimensional (1D) metal nanostructured material and have shown a potential trend to replace conventional electronic materials [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. ...
A synthetic method was developed to produce silver nanowires. The method utilized TBAC (tetrabutylammonium chloride) instead of conventional metal halides as crystal seed additives to obtain purer silver nanowires. Our synthesis strategy relies on accelerating the rate of seed–wire conversion. The method allows for the control of the nanowire aspect ratio by tuning the ratio of Ag+ ions to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) monomer units and the molar mass of TBAC. The observed synthesis improvements meet the basic requirements of current industrial manufacturing.
... The W 4f spectrum can be deconvolved into four peaks (Fig. 2h). The peaks at 37.52 and 35.44 eV belong to WO 3 (W 6+ 4f5/2, W 6+ 4f7/2), and the peaks at 33.42 and 31.25 eV belong to W 2 C (W 2+ 4f5/2 and W 2+ 4f7/2) [39,40]. In Fig. 2i ...
Nowadays, constant exposure to widely used X-rays will be hazardous to human health. The reported Pb aprons and X-ray shielding materials are not comfortable due to the low permeability. In this paper, up to 65 wt% of Bi2O3, WO3, W2C, and Ta2O5 particles and polypropylene (PP) were melt-spun into fibers, and needling was used for the first time to make three-dimensional needled shielding fabric (3D fabric). The 0.45-3D fabric (mass per unit area 0.45 g/cm²) achieved the best X-ray attenuation efficiency of 73–100% in the range of 30–100 keV. More importantly, the 3D fabrics have the highest air permeability (> 1096 mm/s) than the other shielding fabrics ever reported and excellent water vapor permeability (> 1912 g/m²·24 h). Therefore, the lightweight and comfortable lead-free X-ray shielding 3D fabrics will have great potentials in X-ray-protective garment, and the needling process will provide a new method for radiation protection.
Graphical Abstract
... Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim different applications. Pure WO 3 is not efficiently photoactivated due to the high electron-hole recombination rate and difficulty reducing oxygen [40]. Its slow switching speed does not meet the requirement of the display device and increases energy consumption [41]. ...
Graphene and its derivatives are the hot topics of research during this decade due to their excellent thermal conductivities, mechanical strength, current densities, electron motilities, and large surface area. This review article explores the outstanding applicability and features of graphene derivatives. The transition metal oxides (TMOs) have also gained considerable research attention due to their unique physicochemical properties in photocatalytic, self-cleaning, and gas sensing applications. Among TMOs, tungsten metal oxides have received a tremendous response as they are naturally abundant, low in cost, less toxic, environmental friendly, and can be manufactured using various physical and chemical methods. It exhibits a cubic perovskite-like structure based on the corner-sharing of regular octahedra with the oxygen atoms at the corner and the tungsten atoms at the centre of each octahedron. It also shows structural polymorphism and substoichiometric phase transitions, which attracted the attention of researchers over the past few years to explore their potential in various applications. Pairing graphene and its derivatives with tungsten oxide (WO3) to create heterojunction could be an auspicious tool to improve photocatalysis, energy storage, medical, electrochromism, and energy efficiency conversion. In addition, composite exhibits significantly higher efficiency than either individual material due to their well-matched band edge positions, efficient charge separation, and light-harvesting abilities. The morphology and heterojunction were found to be quite beneficial in improving the overall performance of the composite. In this review article, the noteworthy endeavors and turning points are accomplished utilizing heterojunction between WO3 and graphene derivatives for different applications. This review article will also provide the research gap and excite new ideas for further improvement of graphene-based tungsten oxide nanocomposites. Conclusively, the scope of future research work to design the ternary composite with high efficiency utilizing WO3 and graphene is also explored.
... The main determinants of the hydrophobicity of coal are hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups [59]. In order to further analyze the effect of ionic liquid adsorption on functional groups of coal surface, the as-received specimen before and after adsorption were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization. ...
Low-rank coal (LRC) is difficult to directly utilize. It is necessary to carry out clean separation before industrial. A great amount of oxidized functional groups on the surface, results in poor hydrophobicity of LRC. Ionic liquids (ILs) are evolving important materials for designing new clean technologies. The adsorption characteristic of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride on coal surface was studied by adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, zeta potential, and molecular dynamics simulation to effectively enhance the hydrophobicity of low-rank coal. The results show that the adsorption of ionic liquid on low-rank coal surface is an endothermic spontaneous physical adsorption, the saturated adsorption increases with the rise of temperature, and the electrostatic attraction and intermolecular forces play the leading role in the process of ionic liquid adsorption. The analysis indicates that the positively charged imidazole group forms an effective coverage of the O = C-O group on the coal surface due to the adsorption of the ionic liquid, resulting in a decrease in the content of O = C-O group and an increase the surface potential of the coal; probably, the hydrophobic alkyl chain of ionic liquid also increases the C–C/C-H bonds. Moreover, the hydrophobicity is significantly improved after the adsorption of ionic liquid, making the water droplets more difficult to wet on the coal surface. Moreover, molecular simulation studies show that the imidazole group of the ionic liquid is first adsorbed on the coal surface due to electrostatic attraction, and finally, the ionic liquid is approximately laid on the coal surface due to the intermolecular force.
Graphical abstract
... In the XRD pattern of CNF/RGO carbon aerogel, a new wide peak at 2θ = 26.4° was observed, corresponding to (002) lattice plane of RGO, which meant that RGO was successfully formed [67,68]. The CNF/GO and CNF/RGO aerogels were further analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. ...
The investigation of electrodes with excellent electrochemical and mechanical properties is the key to achieve flexible supercapacitors. Herein, a nanocellulose-based carbon aerogel with 3D porous structure for high performance composite electrodes of compressible supercapacitors is proposed. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) is used to construct the elastic network structure of carbon aerogel. Graphene oxide (GO) mainly acted as the skeleton in the carbon aerogel to prevent shrinkage of nanocellulose during the carbonization process. The as-prepared carbon aerogel displayed outstanding compressibility (undergoing a strain of 80%) and elasticity (96% stress retention after 2000 compressive cycles at 30% strain). Furthermore, highly flexible and solid-state supercapacitors using cellulose nanofibrils/reduced graphene oxide (CNF/RGO) carbon aerogels as electrodes are fabricated. Due to the porous structure and outstanding mechanical properties of the electrodes, the assembled supercapacitors exhibit excellent electrochemical properties with good cycle stability (82% retention after 5000 cycles). Therefore, this research provides a simple and effective method for fabricating well-designed structured electrodes for compressive energy storage devices.
Graphic Abstract
