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The chromosome numbers for 15 species of Hieracium s.str. from Durmitor Mt (Montenegro) are reported, supplied by taxonomic and chorological notes. Eleven taxa (H. blecicii nom. prov., H. calophyllum s.l., were found to be triploid, with 2n = 3x = 27, and four taxa (H. durmitoricum, H. pallescens, H. pseudoshenkii, H. coloriscapum s.l.) were tetrap...
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Citations
... Naime, dosadašnji prilozi flori NP Sutjeska samo djelimično su za objekat istraživanja imali šire ili uže područje Parka (Bjelčić, 1956;Bjelčić et al., 1969;Fukarek, 1969b;Šilić & Abadžić, 1986;Ratknić et al., 2006), dok je evidentno veći broj članaka u kojima se biljne vrste sa lokaliteta koji leže na teritoriji današnjeg obuhvata NP Sutjeska navode u okviru priloga poznavanju vaskularne flore znatno šireg područja (Beck-Mannagetta, 1886, 1887, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1903a, 1903b, 1904, 1906a, 1906b, 1906c, 1907, 1909, 1914, 1916a, 1916b, 1918, 1920, 1922Adamović, 1889;Protić, 1902Protić, , 1927Maly, 1912Maly, , 1919Maly, , 1923Maly, , 1928Maly, , 1933Maly & Zahn, 1929;Beck-Mannagetta et al., 1950, 1974, 1983Niketić et al., 2007;Stevanović & Lakušić, 2007). Pionirska vegetacijska istraživanja ilirskih zemalja (Beck-Mannagetta, 1901) djelimično su obuhvatila i prikazala vegetaciju planina u NP Sutjeska, da bi znatno kasnije bila sprovedena sistematska fitocenološka istraživanja, koja su dominantno obrađivala šumske ekosisteme (Fukarek, 1956(Fukarek, , 1969c(Fukarek, , 1970Fukarek & Stefanović, 1958;Stefanović, 1964;Fabijanić & Manuševa, 1984;Lakušić et al., 1987b;Milanović et al., 2011) te, u nešto manjem obimu, vegetaciju livada, pašnjaka i stijena (Lakušić 1968(Lakušić , 1970Lakušić et al., 1969Lakušić et al., , 1979Lakušić et al., , 1987aLakušić et al., , 1987bMilanović et al., 2011). ...
U radu je obrađena vaskularna flora akvatičnih i vlažnih ekosistema razvijenih u i oko glacijalnih jezera u Nacionalnom parku Sutjeska. Tokom višegodišnjih terenskih istraživanja na ovim staništima pronađeno je 140 vrsta viših biljaka, od kojih se Carex limosa prvi put navodi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine. Floristička analiza pokazuje sličnost flore ovih ekosistema sa florom sjevernih dijelova Evrope.
... comprises 3850 (Flann, 2009) to 4540 (Greuter, 2006) accepted species and subspecies. In Zahn's traditional classification (Zahn, 1921(Zahn, -1923 there are 443 species, which can alternatively be considered as microspecies aggregates (Sell and West, 1976;Chrtek Jr, 1997;Tyler, 2001;Niketić et al., 2006). According to Zahn only 38 taxa (8.58%) were treated as "principal" (basic) species and their multiple hybridisation in the past has led to the emergence of 405 recent "intermediate" (hybridogenous) species (91.42%). ...
Introduction:
Hieracium s. str. represents one of the largest and most complex genera of flowering plants. As molecular genetics seems unlikely to disentangle intricate relationships within this reticulate species complex, analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids, known as good chemosystematic markers, promise to be more reliable. Data about pharmacological activity of Hieracium species are scarce.
Objective:
Evaluation of the chemosystematic significance of flavonoids and phenolic acids of methanol extracts of aerial flowering parts of 28 Hieracium species from the Balkans. Additionally, investigation of antioxidant potentials of the extracts.
Methods:
Comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids was performed by LC-MS. Multivariate statistical data analysis included non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), unweighted pair-group arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Antioxidant activity was evaluated using three colorimetric tests.
Results:
Dominant phenolics in almost all species were luteolin type flavonoids, followed by phenolic acids. Although the investigated Hieracium species share many compounds, the current classification of the genus was supported by nMDS and UPGMA analyses with a good resolution to the group level. Hieracium naegelianum was clearly separated from the other investigated species. Spatial and ecological distances of the samples were likely to influence unexpected differentiation of some groups within H. sect. Pannosa. The vast majority of dominant compounds significantly contributed to differences between taxa. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was satisfactory and in accordance with their phenolics composition.
Conclusions:
Comparative LC-MS analysis demonstrated that flavonoids and phenolic acids are good indicators of chemosystematic relationships within Hieracium, particularly between non-hybrid species and groups from the same location. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... Naegeliana Zahn ex Szeląg, and very distinctive morphologically (Szeląg 2003). For many years, however, H. naegelianum was known only from triploid populations (Merxmüller 1975;Grau & Erben 1988;Buttler 1991;Vla dimirov & Szeląg 2001;Niketić et al. 2003Niketić et al. , 2006Chrtek et al. 2007), including plants from the locus classicus in the Komovi Mts . Only recently, diploid populations of H. naegelianum were found in Macedonia Notes. ...
The names Hieracium naegelianum Pančić, H. myriocephalum Pančić and H. thapsiforme R. Uechtr. are lectotypified using specimens stored at WRSL. Hieracium myriocephalum is recognized as conspecific with H. bupleurifolium Tausch. Hieracium thapsiforme R. Uechtr. is recognized as conspecific with H. plumulosum A. Kern. The authorship of the name H. thapsiforme is ‘R. Uechtr.’ and not ‘Asch. & Kanitz’. All discussed species are illustrated with photos of original specimens.
... In the same territories, H. dentatum was found to be an apomictic tetraploid (2n = 36) with, surprisingly, the same genotype as detected in H. villosum (Severa and Chrtek 2002). In the Balkan Peninsula (Niketić et al. 2006), in Austria and France (Tyler and Jönsson 2009), taxa considered of the H. dentatum group were found to be triploid or tetraploid. Our analysis seems to point out similar trends in the northern Apennine study area. ...
A putatively endemic infraspecific taxon of the Hieracium villosum group from the northern Apennines was investigated from nomenclatural, morphological and karyological points of view. H. villosum Jacq. var. zangherii Vignolo-Lutati proved to be invalidly described, and for its morphological features was referred to H. dentatum Hoppe subsp. xanthostylophorum Furrer & Zahn, a taxon hitherto only known from Abruzzo (Central Apennines). Karyological investigations resulted in the first report for an Italian specimen belonging to the collective species H. dentatum. H. dentatum subsp. xanthostylophorum proved to be tetraploid, with a formula 2n = 4x = 36 = 2M + 14m + 18sm + 2st. Chromosomes were generally of large size and showed a low degree of polymorphism in their shapes. The karyological parameters of H. dentatum subsp. xanthostylophorum have been compared with some available karyological parameters from the literature,
belonging to related entities of Hieracium subgen. Hieracium. The Italian Hieracium subgen. Hieracium populations proved to have the most asymmetric karyotypes with respect to other European populations. H. dentatum subsp. xanthostylophorum showed an intermediate karyotype asymmetry between Hieracium subgen. Hieracium populations of the Balkan Peninsula and those of southern Tuscany. From a broader point of view, this study confirms in the northern Apennines a trend pointed out in other central and southern European mountain areas: the core taxon (H. villosum) is surrounded by tetraploid apomictic lineages that show some morphological characters of other Hieracium species; in the case of H. dentatum subsp. xanthostylophorum (= H. villosum “var. zangherii”), characters of H. bifidum.
... This is the first chromosome number for this species from Macedonia; it confirms the count recently published from Bulgaria (Ilnicki and Szeląg, 2011). This is the first diploid chromosome number for this species, previously known only from triploid populations on the Balkan Peninsula (Merxmüller, 1975;Grau and Erben, 1988;Buttler, 1991;Vladimirov and Szeląg, 2001a;Niketić et al., 2003Niketić et al., , 2006Chrtek et al., 2007), including plants from the locus classicus on Mt. Kom Vasojevićki in Montenegro (Ilnicki and Szeląg, 2011). ...
The authors report the first discovery of diploid populations of Hieracium naegelianum Panè. subsp. naegelianum and H. naegelianum subsp. ljubotenicum Behr & Zahn., and give the first chromosome counts for H. cernuum Friv., H. gymnocephalum Griseb. ex Pant., H. sparsum Friv., Pilosella pavichii (Heuff.) Holub and P. serbica (F. W. Schultz & Schultz-Bip.) Szela{ogonek}g from Macedonia and/or Montenegro. A diploid chromosome count for Hieracium renatae Szela{ogonek}g is confirmed based on material from the whole distribution range of the species. An emasculation experiment showed that all the analyzed diploid Hieracium taxa reproduce sexually. © Polish Academy of Sciences and Jagiellonian University, Cracow 2011.
... Hieracium naegelianum is known only from triploid populations (Merxmüller, 1975;Grau and Erben, 1988;Buttler, 1991;Vladimirov and Szeląg, 2001b;Niketić et al., 2006;Chrtek et al., 2007). Recently a diploid ploidy level was found in the closely related H. renatae Szeląg (Szeląg, 2010). ...
Chromosome numbers of 46 Hieracium L. and Pilosella Vaill. taxa from Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia are presented. Chromosomes numbers are given for the first time for Hieracium amphigenum Brig. 2n = 3x = 27, H. bohatschianum Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. borbasii R. Uechtr. 2n = 4x = 36, H. cernuum Friv. 2n = 2x = 18, H. hazslinszkyi Pax 2n = 3x = 27, H. mirekii Szelag 2n = 4x = 36, H. polyphyllobasis (Nyar. & Zahn) Szelag 2n = 3x = 27, H. porphyriticum A. Kern. 2n = 4x = 36, H. racemosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. racemosum 2n = 3x = 27, H. scardicum Borm. & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. sparsum subsp. ipekanum Rech. fil. & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. sparsum subsp. peristeriense Behr & Zahn, H. sparsum subsp. squarrosobracchiatum Behr & al. 2n = 3x = 27, H. tomosense Simk. 2n = 4x = 36, H. tubulare Nyar. 2n = 4x = 36, H. werneri Szelag 2n = 3x = 27 and Pilosella fusca subsp. subpedunculata (Zahn) Szelag, as well as five species of Hieracium sect. Cernua R. Uechtr. not described to date and a hybrid between H. bifidum s. lat. and H. pojoritense Wol.
... ETS signatures of diploid accessions of H. prenanthoides and H. gymnocephalum were also found in polyploids of the same species indicating that these diploids with hybrid origin have given rise to widespread polyploids assigned to the same taxon. Hieracium gymnocephalum is a morphologically very variable and mostly triploid aggregate -our accession 1215 represents the first report of a diploid in this species [46] -whose variation is thought to be caused by past hybridization or introgression [92]. According to ETS, H. sparsum occurs at an unresolved position within the 'Eastern' clade, and two accessions from different localities were nearly identical in their molecular features. ...
Hieracium s.str. is a complex species-rich group of perennial herbs composed of few sexual diploids and numerous apomictic polyploids. The existence of reticulation and the near-continuity of morphological characters across taxa seriously affect species determination, making Hieracium one of the best examples of a 'botanist's nightmare'. Consequently, its species relationships have not previously been addressed by molecular methods. Concentrating on the supposed major evolutionary units, we used nuclear ribosomal (ETS) and chloroplast (trnT-trnL) sequences in order to disentangle the phylogenetic relationships and to infer the origins of the polyploids.
Despite relatively low interspecific variation, the nuclear data revealed the existence of two major groups roughly corresponding to species with a Western or Eastern European origin. Extensive reticulation was mainly inferred from the character additivity of parental ETS variants. Surprisingly, many diploid species were of hybrid origin whilst several polyploid taxa showed no evidence of reticulation. Intra-individual ETS sequence polymorphism generally exceeded interspecific variation and was either independent of, or additional to, additive patterns accounted for by hybrid origin. Several ETS ribotypes occurred in different hybrid taxa, but never as the only variant in any species analyzed.
The high level of intra-individual ETS polymorphism prevented straightforward phylogenetic analysis. Characterization of this variation as additive, shared informative, homoplasious, or unique made it possible to uncover the phylogenetic signal and to reveal the hybrid origin of 29 out of 60 accessions. Contrary to expectation, diploid sexuals and polyploid apomicts did not differ in their molecular patterns. The basic division of the genus into two major clades had not previously been intimated on morphological grounds. Both major groups are thought to have survived in different glacial refugia and to have hybridized as a result of secondary contact. Several lines of evidence suggest the data is best explained by the presence of an extinct range of variation and a larger diversity of ancestral diploids in former times rather than by unsampled variation. Extinct diversity and extensive reticulation are thought to have largely obscured the species relationships. Our study illustrates how multigene sequences can be used to disentangle the evolutionary history of agamic complexes or similarly difficult datasets.
... Speciation by rapid reticular evolution, polyploidy, hybridization, and introgression has resulted in a huge number of species within the genus (Tyler 2000; Mráz & Szelag 2004). The highest richness of Hieracium species occurs in the Alps and Central Europe, but there are many secondary areas of high richness for particular taxonomic groups (Niketić et al. 2006). Hieracium species occupy forests, forest margins, pastures, screes, rocks, and disturbed ground. ...
Eleven aphidiine braconid species are associated with 10 aphid species to form over 50 tritrophic associations in Europe. The host aphids belong to five genera, Aphis L., Brachycaudus Van der Goot, Hyperomyzus Börner, Nasonovia Mord-vilko, and Uroleucon Mordvilko, and feed on 11 Hieracium species. Five new host plant records are reported. The asso-ciated aphidiine guilds are linked with the taxonomic position of the host aphids. Host aphids such as Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) and Uroleucon spp. are broadly oligophagous, but Nasonovia spp., Aphis hieracii Schrank, and Hyperomyzus hieracii (Börner) are specific mainly to Hieracium and related plants. A key for the identification of aphi-diine species associated with aphids on Hieracium plants in Europe is provided.
Szeląg, Z. 2010: Hieracia balcanica V. A new diploid species in Hieracium sect. Naegeliana (Aster-aceae) from Macedonia. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 315–319. Hieracium renatae Szeląg (Asteraceae), distinguished by its glabrous involucral bracts, is described from the alpine belt of the Jakupica Mountains in Macedonia. It is the first known diploid in Hieracium sect. Naegeliana.
Chromosome numbers and /or ploidy levels are reported for 44 species and subspecies ofHieracium s.str. from the following European countries: Andorra, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Montenegro, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. The chromosome numbers/DNA ploidy levels ofH. bocconei (2n ∼ 4x),H. bupleuroides subsp.leviceps (2n = 27),H. caesioides subsp.caesioides (2n = 27),H. basifolium (H. caesium agg., 2n = 36),H. plumbeum (H. caesium agg., 2n = 36),H. glaucum subsp.nipholepium (2n= 27),H.gouanii (2n = 18),H. gymnocerinthe (2n = 27),H. ramondii (2n = 27),H. recoderi (2n = 18),H. stelligerum (2n = 18), andH. tomentosum (2n = 18, 2n ∼ 2x, 2n ∼ 3x) were determined for the first time. New ploidy levels are reported forH. cerinthoides s.str. (2n = 27),H. humile (2n = 36), andH. tommasinianum (2n = 27).
