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Growth profile of Kurthia sp.SBA4 in medium supplemented with different concentrations of anthracene or naphthalene. Error bars indicate standard error of the mean, where error bars are not visible; they are smaller than the marker.
Source publication
Several naphthalene and anthracene degrading bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of Populus deltoides, which were growing in non-contaminated soil. Among these, four isolates, i.e. Kurthia sp., Micrococcus varians, Deinococcus radiodurans and Bacillus circulans utilized chrysene, benzene, toluene and xylene, in addition to anthracene and naphth...
Citations
... Research findings have indicated that both rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria have been employed as an inoculation system in soil for the rhizoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hydrocarbon constituents [10,11]. Nevertheless, when compared to the approach of bioaugmentation, microbe-assisted phytoremediation, specifically rhizoremediation, proves to be notably more efficient for the elimination and breakdown of organic contaminants in polluted soils, especially when coupled with suitable agronomic practices [12]. ...
Hydrocarbon pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities related to the petrochemical industry and other natural sources presents a major problem that has crippled environmental sustainability and contributed to food insecurity crisis. Bioremediation which has proven to be an effective and eco-friendly approach with a broad spectrum potential of targeting and removing a wide range of hydrocarbons including known recalcitrant hydrocarbons has been well studied. However, for bioremediation to be successful and complete, eco-restoration must be achieved. A promising approach to restoration of polluted environment is through the utilization of plant rhizospheric microbes in rhizoremediation. Harnessing rhizospheric microbes as potent tools for rhizoremediation has gained considerable attention in the field of environmental science because of the additional benefits it presents in the decontamination of pollutants such as enhanced nutrient delivery, increased microbial diversity, enhanced biofilm formation, enhanced degradation efficiency, plant-microbe interactions and high adaptation to soil conditions for enhanced remediation activity. These group of microbes possess inherent metabolic capabilities that allow them to efficiently degrade or transform a wide range of pollutants, including hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, and organic contaminants. This review therefore highlights in details environmental pollution and its challenges, remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons with different groups of rhizospheric microbes and the beneficial attributes of rhizomicrobes in bioremediation technology and environmental sustainability.
... The former resulted in the degradation rate of 79.12 mg/L/d, and latter resulted in 60% degradation of chrysene in 12 d i.e., chrysene concentration reduced from 400 mg/L to 140 mg/L (Ahmad et al., 2020). Bisht and coworkers studied biodegradation of anthracene, chrysene, xylene, naphthalene, benzene, and toluene from bacterial isolates namely Micrococcus varians, Kurthia sp., Bacillus circulans and Deinococcus radiodurans isolated from rhizobacteria of Populus deltoids, Kurthia sp. and B. circulans yielded a favorable result among these isolates after 6 d of incubation and resulted in the degrading of 87.5% and 86.6% anthracene and 95.8% and 85.3%, naphthalene respectively (Bisht et al., 2010). Bacterial strains are widely studied for hydrocarbons degradation due to their rapid adaptability. ...
The global rise in industrialization and vehicularization has led to the increasing trend in the use of different crude oil types. Among these mobil oil has major application in automobiles and different machines. The combustion of mobil oil renders a non-usable form that ultimately enters the environment thereby causing problems to environmental health. The aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fraction of mobil oil has serious human and environmental health hazards. These components upon interaction with soil affect its fertility and microbial diversity. The recent advancement in the omics approach viz. metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics has led to increased efficiency for the use of microbial based remediation strategy. Additionally, the use of biosurfactants further aids in increasing the bioavailability and thus biodegradation of crude oil constituents. The combination of more than one approach could serve as an effective tool for efficient reduction of oil contamination from diverse ecosystems. To the best of our knowledge only a few publications on mobil oil have been published in the last decade. This systematic review could be extremely useful in designing a micro-bioremediation strategy for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems contaminated with mobil oil or petroleum hydrocarbons that is both efficient and feasible. The state-of-art information and future research directions have been discussed to address the issue efficiently.
... Bioremediation may include use of fertilizer, pH management and application of bacteria to the contaminated sites, but the availability of hydrocarbons to microorganisms is the important limiting factor (Vijayakumar et al. 2015). The ability of microbes to degrade oil components was studied initially at twentieth century and mainly bacteria isolated from oil contaminated sites were able to degrade PAH (Bisht et al. 2015) while bacteria from non contaminated soil can also degrade PAH (Bisht et al. 2010). Hydrocarbons can be used as substrates in metabolism by microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi and algae). ...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are found ubiquitously in our environment. It has been identified as hazardous chemicals by different state and central pollution control board due to their toxicity against living beings. They may be mutagenic or carcinogenic. Treatments of these pollutants to reduce toxicity are the area of more concern. At present various chemical treatments has been applied to transform the Polyaromatic hydrocarbons to less toxic compound, but these treatment sometimes produce byproducts, which may be more toxic than the previous form of compound. Microbes isolated from contaminated soil as well as non-contaminated soil found effective in degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It has been also investigated that bacterial species which produce biosurfactant are capable of bioremediation of soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Biosurfactant mediated biotransformation is the area of study for future perspective also because it is ecofriendly technique and doesn’t produce toxic byproducts. The objective of this study to explore the role of biosurfactant producers in degradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbon. A brief overview about Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, their impact on nature and methods available for degradation of these contaminants has been done. Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Mycobacterium are studied extensively for biodegradation purpose of hydrocarbons.
... Surprisingly, PAHs degrading bacterial isolates were discovered from non-contaminated soil; Bisht and coworkers [121] discovered four isolates, namely Kurthia sp., Micrococcus varians, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Bacillus circulans from the rhizosphere of Populus deltoides degrading chrysene, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, and anthracene. Among these isolates, only Kurthia sp. and B. circulans showed positive chemotaxis towards naphthalene and anthracene. ...
Worldwide industrial development has released hazardous polycyclic aromatic compounds into the environment.
These pollutants need to be removed to improve the quality of the environment. Chemotaxis mechanism has
increased the bioavailability of these hydrophobic compounds to microorganisms. The mechanism, however, is poorly
understood at the ligand and chemoreceptor interface. Literature is unable to furnish a compiled review of already
published data on up-to-date research on molecular aspects of chemotaxis mechanism, ligand and receptor-binding
mechanism, and downstream signaling machinery. Moreover, chemotaxis-linked biodegradation of aromatic compounds is required to understand the chemotaxis role in biodegradation better. To fill this knowledge gap, the current
review is an attempt to cover PAHs occurrence, chemical composition, and potential posed risks to humankind. The
review will cover the aspects of microbial signaling mechanism, the structural diversity of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins at the molecular level, discuss chemotaxis mechanism role in biodegradation of aromatic compounds in
model bacterial genera, and finally conclude with the potential of bacterial chemotaxis for aromatics biodegradation
... Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomo- nas fluorescens, Rhodococcus spp., Paenibacillus spp., and Haemophilus spp. are some of these bacteria that were commonly studied for the degradation of PAHs ( Bisht et al. 2010). Moreover, investigating the molecular communication between microbes and plants to discover such communication is important to achieve better results for the purpose of pollutant elimination. ...
... It was reported, earlier, that the endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria were used for rhizoremediation of PAHs in the environment by employing Populus sp. The latter species, namely, Populus sp., was used in the soil as an inoculation system ( Bisht et al. 2010;Bisht et al. 2014). In correlation with the bioaugmentation, nevertheless, Populus sp. in rhizosphere bacteria assisted phytoremediation technology. ...
Phytoremediation is an important process that uses plants, green vegetation, trees, aquatic plants, and grasses to remove, stabilize, transfer, and/or destroy toxic pollutants from surface water, groundwater, wastewater, sediments, soils, and/or external atmosphere. The phytoremediation mechanisms include phytoextraction (i.e., phytoaccumulation), enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, phytostabilization, and phytodegradation. Certain plant species have the tendency and the ability to accumulate and store pollutants such as metals and organic contaminants in their roots. The remediation of pollutants includes translocation, accumulation, transpiration, and possibly metabolization of the organic contaminants to plant tissue or CO2. They also prevent the flow of groundwater from transferring pollutants away from the site to the deeper.
... also displayed anthracene degradation ( Bisht et. al., 2010). In such a bio diverse environment, there is further need to explore possibilities of newer, broth (100 ml) for 10 days under conditions as mentioned earlier. Afterwards, 1 ml of the culture was taken out and serially diluted in sterile BSM up to 10-7. 100 µl of 10-7 dilution was spread on BSM agar plate supplemented with anthracene (5 ...
Anthracene, a three fused benzene ring, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), released in the environment because of incomplete combustion of petroleum products, is potentially toxic to fishes, algae and environment. Due to its potential toxicity it is imperative to remove it from environment. The aim of present study is to isolate bacteria which can degrade anthracene as a sole source of carbon and energy. Furthermore, optimization of culture conditions with respect to temperature, pH, initial inoculum and agitations for the maximum anthracene degradation were determined. In present study we have isolated thirty four bacterial strains, with ability to degrade anthracene from oil contaminated soil. Among these bacterial isolate AAP7919 which was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus degraded maximum anthracene (64.09%) after 10 days of incubation. Maximum anthracene degradation by AAP7919 was observed at 50°C, pH 8.0, 5% initial inoculums size and 130 rpm agitation speed. The study leads to isolate a novel strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus AAP7919 with anthracene degrading potential at higher temperature and which could be used for bioremediation of PAHs contaminated sites.
Keyword:- PAH, anthracene, Geobacillus stearothermophilus AAP7919, degradation, bioremediation
... Among these, four isolates, i.e. Kurthia sp., Micrococcus varians, Deinococcus radiodurans and Bacillus circulans utilized chrysene, benzene, toluene and xylene, in addition to anthracene and naphthalene (Bisht et al., 2010). When a suitable rhizospheric strain is introduced together with a suitable plant, it settles on the root along with indigenous population, thereby enhancing the bioremediation process. ...
... In addition to the production of biosurfactants and biofilm formation, chemotaxis, the targeted movement of microorganisms in response to chemical gradients with the aim of finding ideal conditions for growth and survival (Eisenbach and Caplan, 1998; Wadhams and Armitage, 2004; Baker et al., 2006a,b; Paul et al., 2006; Rao et al., 2008; Hazelbauer and Lai, 2010; Krell et al., 2011), has been shown to be important for microbial exploitation of PHCs in soil and water (Marx and Aitken, 2000; Parales and Haddock, 2004; Ford and Harvey, 2007; Strobel et al., 2011). For example, the capability of bacteria to sense and swim toward n-hexadecane (Nisenbaum et al., 2013), gas oil (D'Ippolito et al., 2011), as well as various monocyclic and PAHs and their nitro-, amino-, or chloro-substituted relatives has been demonstrated to stimulate degradation of the corresponding PHCs (Grimm and Harwood, 1997; Parales et al., 2000; Samanta and Jain, 2000; Lanfranconi et al., 2003; Law and Aitken, 2003; Ortega-Calvo et al., 2003; Vardar et al., 2005; Cunliffe et al., 2006; Gordillo et al., 2007; Iwaki et al., 2007; Peng et al., 2008; Bisht et al., 2010; Tremaroli et al., 2010; Fernandez-Luqueno et al., 2011), presumably by allowing the microorganism to balance access to substrate and substrate toxicity (Olson et al., 2004; Jeong et al., 2010). In fact, the chemotactic behavior of bacteria can be either toward (positive chemotaxis) or away (negative) from the chemical gradient. ...
Widespread pollution of terrestrial ecosystems with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) has generated a need for remediation and, given that many PHCs are biodegradable, bio- and phyto-remediation are often viable approaches for active and passive remediation. This review focuses on phytoremediation with particular interest on the interactions between and use of plant – associated bacteria to restore PHC polluted sites. Plant-associated bacteria include endophytic, phyllospheric and rhizospheric bacteria, and cooperation between these bacteria and their host plants allows for greater plant survivability and treatment outcomes in contaminated sites. Bacterially-driven PHC bioremediation is attributed to the presence of diverse suites of metabolic genes for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, along with a broader suite of physiological properties including biosurfactant production, biofilm formation, chemotaxis to hydrocarbons, and flexibility in cell-surface hydrophobicity. In soils impacted by PHC contamination, microbial bioremediation generally relies on the addition of high-energy electron acceptors (e.g. oxygen) and fertilization to supply limiting nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium) in the face of excess PHC carbon. As an alternative, the addition of plants can greatly improve bioremediation rates and outcomes as plants provide microbial habitats, improve soil porosity (thereby increasing mass transfer of substrates and electron acceptors), and exchange limiting nutrients with their microbial counterparts. In return, plant-associated microorganisms improve plant growth by reducing soil toxicity through contaminant removal, producing plant growth promoting metabolites, liberating sequestered plant nutrients from soil, fixing nitrogen, and more generally establishing the foundations of soil nutrient cycling. In a practical and applied sense, the collective action of plants and their associated microorganisms is advantageous for remediation of PHC contaminated soil in terms of overall cost and success rates for in situ implementation in a diversity of environments. Mechanistically, there remain biological unknowns that present challenges for applying bio- and phyto-remediation technologies without having a deep prior understanding of individual target sites. In this review, evidence from traditional and modern omics technologies is discussed to provide a framework for plant-microbe interactions during PHCs remediation. The potential for integrating multiple molecular and computational techniques to evaluate linkages between microbial communities, plant communities and ecosystem processes is explored with an eye on
... Soil is a valuable resource as it regulates biogeochemical cycles, filters and remediates pollutants and enables food production [1]. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, fused-ring compounds) in soil has considerable toxicological concern because of their high toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties [1,2]. ...
... Soil is a valuable resource as it regulates biogeochemical cycles, filters and remediates pollutants and enables food production [1]. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, fused-ring compounds) in soil has considerable toxicological concern because of their high toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties [1,2]. Due to their high mobility and long persistence in the environment, these compounds are included in the list of priority toxic pollutants of the European Environmental Agency [3] and the US environmental protection agency [4]. ...
To demonstrate the potential use of bioremediation in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil using naphthalene as a model pollutant, a laboratory study with the objectives of investigating, evaluating and comparing the methods of natural attenuation, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation was performed. The study dealt with naphthalene biodegradation in soil using inorganic NPK fertilizer and mixed culture of Alcaligenes, Aeromonas, Micrococcus, and Serratia as source of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, respectively. Each treatment strategy contained 4% (w/w) naphthalene in soil as a sole source of carbon and energy. After 4 weeks of remediation, the results revealed that natural attenuation, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation exhibited 44%, 69.5%, 77.5%, and 85% naphthalene degradation, respectively. Also, the total hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (THDB) count in all the treatments increased throughout the remediation period. The highest bacterial growth was observed for combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatment strategy. A first-order kinetic model was fitted to the biodegradation data to evaluate the biodegradation rate and the corresponding half-life time was estimated. The model revealed that naphthalene contaminated-soil microcosms under combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation treatment strategy had higher biodegradation rate constants, k as well as lower half-life times, 1/2 t than other remediation systems. Therefore, the kinetic parameter values showed that the degree of effectiveness of these bioremediation strategies in the cleanup of naphthalene contaminated soil is in the following order: natural attenuation < biostimulation < bioaugmentation < combined biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Thus, the present work will contribute to the development of strategies for in situ treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soils.
