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The considered innovative technology proposes to use alternative energy sources for the process efficiency in low-height construction. The world economy depends on price rises for energy sources and the danger of environmental pollution increases. Geothermal energy is the basic resource saving and environmentally safe renewable heat source that is...
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... The natural flow of the groundwater within the subsurface aquifer causes the re-injected water, now at an elevated or reduced temperature to the rest of the aquifer, to be to develop that stretches downstream of the injection well. Image modified from [22] pulled along with the movement of the groundwater, causing a thermal plume to form downstream of the injection well. If this plume reaches the extraction well of a nearby downstream heat pump, the heightened or lowered temperature of the groundwater within the plume may reduce the efficiency of the downstream system to the extent that it becomes unusable. ...
The ability for groundwater heat pumps to meet space heating and cooling demands without relying on fossil fuels, has prompted their mass roll out in dense urban environments. In regions with high subsurface groundwater flow rates, the thermal plume generated from a heat pump's injection well can propagate downstream, affecting surrounding users and reducing their heat pump efficiency. To reduce the probability of interference, regulators often rely on simple analytical models or high fidelity groundwater simulations to determine the impact that a heat pump has on the subsurface aquifer and surrounding heat pumps. These are either too inaccurate or too computationally expensive for everyday use. In this work, a surrogate model was developed to provide a quick, high accuracy prediction tool of the thermal plume generated by a heat pump within heterogeneous subsurface aquifers. Three variations of a convolutional neural network were developed that accepts the known groundwater Darcy velocities as discrete two-dimensional inputs and predicts the temperature within the subsurface aquifer around the heat pump. A data set consisting of 800 numerical simulation samples, generated from random permeability fields and pressure boundary conditions, was used to provide pseudo-randomized Darcy velocity fields as input fields and the temperature field solution for training the network. The subsurface temperature field output from the network provides a more realistic temperature field that follows the Darcy velocity streamlines, while being orders of magnitude faster than conventional high fidelity solvers
... GSHPs, also known as geothermal heat pumps, take advantage of the nearly constant temperature of the ground and uses ground-sourced energy to meet indoor heating and cooling loads during winter and summer periods. The ground serves as heat sink in the summer and heat source in the winter for a GSHP, which consists of three main components: a heat pump, ground loop heat exchanger, and a heating and cooling distribution system (Alexander, 2013;Digtheheat, 2011;Karytsas, 2012). The heat pump is the component of the system since it transfers heat between the ground source and the indoor building spaces, and the ground connections consist of pipes filled with an anti-freeze solution, acting as the heat exchanger for the ground and the heat pump (Alexander, 2013;Digtheheat, 2011). ...
... The ground serves as heat sink in the summer and heat source in the winter for a GSHP, which consists of three main components: a heat pump, ground loop heat exchanger, and a heating and cooling distribution system (Alexander, 2013;Digtheheat, 2011;Karytsas, 2012). The heat pump is the component of the system since it transfers heat between the ground source and the indoor building spaces, and the ground connections consist of pipes filled with an anti-freeze solution, acting as the heat exchanger for the ground and the heat pump (Alexander, 2013;Digtheheat, 2011). In experimental studies, technical feasibility for GSHP system was examined through the analysis of design considerations such as installation depth and spacing, existing infrastructure, seasonal diurnal influences, and water-level fluctuations (Abesser & Busby, 2015;Groenholland, 2016;Hillesheim & Mosey, 2014). ...
Building energy-performance simulation programs are powerful tools for many aspects of feasibility studies regarding ground source heat pump (GSHP). However, the understanding of the limitations of the energy modelling programs, their capability of predicting energy performance early in the design process, and the complicated functionality of these programs makes the software programs harder to use and less practical. The interactive tool developed in this study seeks to provide analysis information in a straightforward manner that is inexpensive, convenient, and sophisticated. This tool uses an inclusive approach to assess the feasibility of GSHPs by prescreening critical factors such as climate conditions, ground temperatures, energy use, and cost savings. It is interactive and enables the user to do a feasibility analysis with a weighting factor for each feasibility criterion based on the user’s preference and interests. The application of the tool explains feasibility scores of 15 representative cities in various climatic conditions across the US. Results for commercial buildings show that the GSHP systems are more feasible in cold and dry, cool and humid, and very cold areas than warm and dry, very hot and humid, and mixed marine areas, and that most feasibility levels are located on good and moderate.
... In winter, some supplementary water heating may or may not be necessary, depending on the system design. We should mention here, that GSHP systems can be used solely for heating water for a swimming pool or for tap water when requirements are very large, such as in a laundry (Wright, 1999). ...
... e) Closed pond loop: A closed pipe-loop is submerged in a pond, which is used as a thermal source or sink. This is the least expensive type of installation and works well in areas where the pond does not freeze completely in the winter (Wright, 1999). ...
The economical possibilities of using heat pumps for space and pool water heating in a swimming pool complex to be built in a spa resort in Krynica, S-Poland are explored. This analysis includes statistical calculations of air temperature data, load, heat demand, heat sources for peak heating loads, and calculations of profitability of selected alternative heating designs based on a heat pump system. Some calculation methods for designing borehole heat exchangers are shown, some data from the experience of utilisation are described and methodology for finding the optimal limits between basic heat load and peak load examined.
A heat pump uses natural energy from renewable sources such as air, ground or water. The pump, acquiring thermal energy from the environment (75%) and using electricity (25%), supplies it to the heated object. A heat pump-based system consists of a ground heat source (heat is taken from it), a heat pump unit and an upper heat source (heat is transferred to it). The refrigerant transfers heat from the lower heat source to the upper heat source. The paper discusses types of heat pumps in terms of the use of the lower heat source. A technical and economic analysis was carried out on the basis of two types of heat pump: air-to-water and ground-to-water A comparative analysis of the results obtained results will allow a real assessment of the system’s functioning.
