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Groundwater quality map for drinking water of unconfined aquifer (a) and confined aquifer (b) of Pati-Rembanggroundwater basin.
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... in this area has undergone a salty taste change due to the influence of seawater which proved by the high concentration of Cl -ion in this area. The distribution map of groundwater quality of unconfined aquifer (Figure 5a) and confined aquifer (Figure 5b) based on WQI classification. In a confined aquifer, the highest weight, 4, is given to the TDS parameter while the lowest weight, 2, is Fe 3+ , SO4 2-, and salinity. ...
Context 2
... in this area has undergone a salty taste change due to the influence of seawater which proved by the high concentration of Cl -ion in this area. The distribution map of groundwater quality of unconfined aquifer (Figure 5a) and confined aquifer (Figure 5b) based on WQI classification. In a confined aquifer, the highest weight, 4, is given to the TDS parameter while the lowest weight, 2, is Fe 3+ , SO4 2-, and salinity. ...
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Citations
... The sodium chloride facieindicates the dissolution of evaporitic minerals and domestic wastewater mixing into the groundwater (Ehya & Marbouti, 2016). It may also be attributed to seawater intrusion (Putranto et al., 2019). ...
Groundwater in Pakistan is the main drinking water source, highlighting the significance of regularly monitoring its quality. There have been several examples of high concentrations of elements like arsenic and nitrate in groundwater that harm human health and the environment. Our aim with this study was to assess the groundwater quality of the sub-district Bhulri Shah Karim for drinking and irrigation purposes. We collected groundwater samples from 53 shallow bore well hand pumps in October and November 2018. We determined the concentration of four cations, five anions and other parameters like pH, turbidity, TDS, total hardness, EC, alkalinity, total iron, and arsenic. The groundwater was found to be very hard, and the relative abundance of cations and anions was Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + and Cl‾ > HCO3‾ > SO4 2 ‾ > NO3‾ > F‾. The concentrations of arsenic and iron varied from 0 to 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 to 3.6 mg/L, respectively. We discussed groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes by calculating the water quality index, sodium adsorption ratio, percent of sodium, permeability index, and residual sodium carbonate. In conclusion, the groundwater of the studied area is suitable for drinking on average and irrigation. However, some water samples were high in arsenic content, and some were highly saline and may need some prior treatment.
... Groundwater aquifer systems are also dynamic and susceptible to human activity, particularly the use of chemicals in agriculture and industry. The current season greatly influences also their properties [5]. The groundwater conditions of the southern part of Tegal Brebes Groundwater Basin have a very diverse distribution of rock formations (see Figure 1). ...
The southern part of the Tegal Brebes Groundwater Basin has various rock units originating from the volcanic activity of the Slamet Volcano. The groundwater interacts with these rocks and influences the hydrogeochemical process that may alter its chemical components. The objective of this research is to assess the relationship between groundwater chemistry facies and the rock aquifer. The finding of this research will help us better understand how hydrogeochemical processes work, perform thorough research, and determine the water quality. The groundwater characteristics are determined based on the chemical composition of the water taken from the citizen’s dug wells and springs. These samples were collected to represent a difference in rock’s formation, namely Linggopodo Formation, Tapak, and Slamet Undifferentiated Volcanic Rock. The analysis of the Piper diagram shows that all the samples fall into one facies: the calcium bicarbonate type (Ca-HCO 3 ). The groundwater’s physical and chemical properties in the study area indicate that groundwater quality has not interacted much with lithology and is still greatly influenced by meteoric water. The groundwater facies are dominated by the Ca-HCO 3 , a characteristic of shallow groundwater and local water flow systems.
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The seasonal quality of groundwater and its appropriateness for drinking and irrigation were assessed using a multiple indexing approach in this study. Physicochemical and ionic parameters were examined in groundwater samples near the industrial zone of Rupnagar, Punjab. To assess groundwater quality, water quality index (WQI) and pollution index were used. The Durov's, piper, wilcox and stiff diagrams were plotted to understand the hydro-chemistry. Similarly, the irrigation indices, i.e., salinity hazard, sodium adsorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage (Na%), magnesium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, permeability index and Kelley's ratio were applied to ascertain the water quality for agricultural purposes. As a result, total hardness, calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺) and fluoride (F⁻) were found above the standard permissible limits. WQI analysis showed 12% samples of pre-monsoon (PRE-M) and 28% samples of post-monsoon (POS-M) were of poor quality, which may pose health risks. Hydrochemistry revealed the predominance of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and HCO3⁻ ions in the groundwater attributed to natural and anthropogenic sources. Piper diagram revealed Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-Cl⁻, Na⁺-Cl⁻, Ca²⁺-Na⁺- HCO3⁻, Ca²⁺- HCO3⁻ and Ca²⁺-Cl, Ca²⁺-HCO3⁻ water types exist in the study area. USSL diagram showed that the samples from both seasons come under the low salinity hazard. In addition, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity showed a strong positive association, indicating the saline nature of groundwater. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering classified groundwater into three groups (I, II and III), revealing that groundwater quality varies due to natural and anthropogenic effects. Based on the findings, the groundwater was found marginally suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. It is therefore recommended that the groundwater is examined on a regular basis in order to maintain its quality.
Graphical abstract
... Magnesium and calcium ion show the groundwater passes through the igneous rock in the recharge zone especially containing minerals of silicate, feldspar, amphibole, and pyroxene. Moreover, magnesium and calcium also represent mineral in sedimentary rock associated with gypsum, anhydrite, and sulfate [21]. The average concentration of magnesium and calcium in the groundwater samples was 58.89 mg/L and 17.63 mg/L respectively. ...
Groundwater is an essential natural resource for the ecosystem and living things. The physicochemical analysis was focusing on thirteen groundwater wells in the Kuala Langat, Selangor. The evaluation of the quality of groundwater and its suitability for domestic purposes was examined by various physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride. The evaluated parameters were compared with the Ministry of Health, Malaysia for the raw water recommended level. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and major ions analysis were also evaluated in this study. The analysis reveals the groundwater sources in Kuala Langat, Selangor suitable for domestic utilization referring to the parameters analyzed were significantly low concentration in the groundwater samples. MWD5 groundwater wells show high concentrations for several parameters and exceed the permissible limits of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, and WHO standards. Based on the SAR majority of groundwater samples are suitable for domestic meanwhile not recommend for plants irrigation purposes. Sodium, magnesium, calcium, and chloride were the dominant major ions in the study area. The major ions and trace elements (Mg, Ca, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe) were analyzed by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) (model Elan 9000, PerkinElmer, USA).
