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Background and objective:
The aim of this study was to show the effects of an 8-week Neurodevelopmental Treatment based posture and balance training on postural control and balance in diparetic and hemiparetic Cerebral Palsied children (CPC).
Methods:
Fifteen CPC (aged 5-15 yrs) were recruited from Denizli Yağmur Çocukları Rehabilitation Centre....
Context in source publication
Context 1
... before and after treatment gross motor function levels based on GMFCS are given as numeric and as percentage in Table 2. Before treatment; 3 of CPC were in Level-I and after treatment there were no changes; 8 of CPC were in Level-II and after treatment 7 of them raised up to Level-I; 4 of CPC were in Level-III and after treatment 3 of them raised up to Level-II. ...Similar publications
There is growing empirical evidence lending support to the existence of an “upper body strategy” to extend the ankle and hip strategies in maintaining upright postural stability among adults. Both postural stability and arm movement functions are still developing in children. Therefore, enquiry concerning arm contribution to postural stability amon...
Citations
... A total of 2 sessions each of 60 minutes per week for 8 weeks were given, and the results showed significant improvement in postural control and balance in sitting as assessed by the GMFS classification and the seated postural control measure as the p-value obtained was 0.000. While in the current study similar results were obtained where NDT showed better and more significant improvement than conventional treatment 17 . ...
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder of the nervous system manifested in movement, posture, muscle tone, and functional activity. Poor postural control is the most common problem related to CP. Neuro-developmental techniques, or facilitation techniques, were used to activate muscles and improve trunk control. Aim: To determine the influence of the effects of abdominal activation for correcting posture in spastic diaplegic CP children. Methods: A quantitative, randomized clinical trial was conducted, allocating 26 CP patients randomly into two groups: the control group and the treatment group. Baseline treatment was given to the control group, which included lower-limb passive stretching exercises and interrupted direct current. However, baseline treatment with neuro-developmental techniques was given to the treatment group. The measuring tool used for assessment of postural correction and stability was the trunk control measurement scale. Results: The study recruited 26 CP patients, of who 10 belonged to the age groups 8–10 years and 11–13 years, respectively, while 6 children were from the age group 14–15 years. An independent sample t-test was used for between-group analysis, and the results showed a significant improvement in the TCMS score post-treatment, as the p-value was 0.012, while within-group analysis was done by applying a paired sample t-test. There was a significant improvement in the treatment group (p-value 0.000) where NTD was applied, compared to the control group (p-value 0.096), where only baseline treatment was given. Implication: Neurodevelopmental approaches can improve trunk control in children with cerebral palsy, enhancing mobility, independence, posture, and functional skills. This reduces the risk of musculoskeletal issues and facilitates activity participation. Conclusion: The study showed significant improvement in postural control with the use of Neuro-developmental techniques in CP children. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) can benefit from improved trunk control using neurodevelopmental approaches, which can increase their mobility, independence, posture, ability to participate in activities, and functional skills. Keywords: Cerebral palsy (CP), Neuro-developmental techniques (NDT), Interrupted direct current (IDC).
... Studies have shown that therapy based on the Bobath concept improves gross motor function [16], postural balance [36][37][38], and coordination, in terms of feeding and swallowing activity [39,40]. ...
Background and Objectives: Considering the fact that prematurity echoes in terms of motor development even up to the age of adolescence, through the presence of deficiencies, the importance of starting kinetotherapeutic treatment as soon as possible is highlighted, even in the absence of brain damage or obvious motor delays. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to analyze the factors that influence the level of motor development of premature babies up to 9 months and identify the motor development curve of premature babies according to the three stages of motor development: the position of symmetrical support on the elbows at 3 months, sitting with support at 6 months, and verticalization at 9 months. Materials and Methods: This prospective pilot study was conducted within a rehabilitation facility located in Targu Mureș, Romania, spanning a duration of 2 years from June 2021 to 2023. Results: The study involved a population of 78 children, all premature infants, selected from the patient pool of the rehabilitation facility, specifically chosen based on adherence to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined in the study protocol. Two physiotherapists specialized in child recovery were involved in the study, and one performed the assessments and the other applied the Bobath therapy. Conclusions: Early physiotherapy interventions can have a positive influence in terms of reducing differences in motor development between preterm and full-term infants. This study identified several factors that influence the motor development of premature infants. Among these, the most prominent biological factors were gestational age and birth weight.
... A compromised motor skill makes it difficult for these children to perform dayto-day activities competently [7], including coordination, dexterity, balance, posture, gait, strength, speed, and agility [8]. However, it is a fact that these complications are not left unattended and have been addressed using numerous effective physical therapy techniques such as neurodevelopmental therapies [9], strength conditioning [10,11], balance and vestibular training [12], goal-directed motor learning [13], and virtual reality [14]. ...
This study investigated the impact of motor skill interventions in improving motor proficiency among children with developmental delays following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis "PRISMA" recommendations. The included studies were searched on four databases: Google Scholar, PEDro, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. Studies published during the year 2012 to 2022 were selected. The data was extracted by defining the publication year, type of study design, targeted population, and type of physical therapy intervention. The outcome measures included four components of motor proficiency: bilateral coordination, balance, speed and agility, and strength. The results revealed statistically significant findings and a large effect size for bilateral coordination (SMD=1.003, CI=95%) and speed and agility (SMD=0.854, CI=95%). However, a smaller effect size with significant findings was observed in the balance domains (SMD=0.333, CI=95%) and strength (SMD=0.337, CI=95%). Despite the promising results of the analyzed interventions, some of the included studies observed a high risk of bias. However, it is evident from the analysis that protocols directed toward advanced approaches have shown more promising results than traditional physical exercise regimens.
... Another study published in 2018 showed that an NDT-based eight-week training program increased the functional level of motor ability and independence in 15 children with hemiparetic and diparetic CP, whose ages ranged from 5 to 15 years, by improving balance and postural control. Outcome measures used in this study were GMFM, seated postural control measure, pediatric balance scale, modified timed up and go test, functional independence measure, and one-minute walking test [8]. ...
... Area of improvement using NDT 1 Gross motor [7,10,11,12,13,14,15,17,18,22,23,24,25,32,37,38,44,45,46,47,51,52,55,60] 2 Balance [7,8,28,30,35,43,51,57] 3 ...
... Postural control/trunk control [7,8,27,28,35,57] 4 ...
This review aimed to explore the current literature on neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). It also sought to determine what outcome measures are used to analyze the effect of NDT and whether these parameters are in line with the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The studies published in the English language between 2000 and 2023 were included based on a search of the databases PEDro, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies that examined the effect of NDT on children with CP were included.
We found a total of 54 studies describing the effect of NDT in children with CP and these were included in this literature review. NDT in children with CP was found to have positive outcomes in 41 studies, while 13 studies had contradictory conclusions. Based on our findings, NDT is widely used for the rehabilitation of children with CP globally. The parameters used to assess the improvement mostly included gross motor function, balance, and postural control. The outcome measures used in studies are usually linked to body structure and function or activities domain of the ICF model by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, there is a scarcity of studies on the effect of NDT on participation, which should be the outcome of any rehabilitation program. There is scope for future research to demonstrate the effect of NDT on the participation of children with CP. Further studies with larger sample sizes and homogenous groups are recommended.
... The problem this research is the impaired balance of sitting and standing in children cerebral palsy, this occurs due to brain damage during non-progressive growth and development, resulting in limited daily activities and independence due to poor postural control, decreased area of joint motion and muscle contractures (Farjoun et al., 2022;Tekin et al., 2018) muscle weakness, altered nerve control and inadequate body position (Monica et al., 2021). ...
... The independent t-test (Table 3) shows that there is a difference between Pilates and Bobath exercises on the balance of sitting and standing in children with cerebral palsy. The results of this study are in accordance with the research of Tekin et al. (2018) who concluded that Bobath improved gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy in four dimensions, namely laying, rolling, sitting, crawling, kneeling, and standing, but walking, running, and jumping did not improve significantly. Besios et al. (2018) stated that Bobath can significantly increase the excitability of alpha motor neurons in central nervous system disorders. ...
... The study of Tekin et al. (2018) states that doctors and researchers working with diparetic and hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy should focus more intensively on the Bobath program to improve motor development, postural control skills, balance and functional independence of daily activities and 8 weeks of Neurodevelopmental Treatment-based postural control and balance training effectively improve motor function and functional independence in diparetic and hemiparetic cerebral palsy . ...
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Bobath and Pilates exercises on sitting and standing balance in children with cerebral palsy. It utilized a quasi-experimental study design with a two-group pre-test-post-test design. The study included 66 children with cerebral palsy, aged 1-7 years, who were randomly divided into two groups: 33 children received Pilates exercises, and 33 children received Bobath training. The intervention was conducted once a day, three times a week, for 45 minutes over a 16-week period. The results of the paired t-test statistics indicated that Pilates exercises significantly improved sitting balance (p = 0.002) but had no significant effect on standing balance (p = 0.083). On the other hand, Bobath exercises significantly improved both sitting balance (p = 0.001) and standing balance (p = 0.023). Independent t-test results for sitting balance yielded (p = 0.039), and for standing balance (p = 0.034) In conclusion, there were significant differences in both sitting balance and standing balance between the group that underwent Pilates exercises and the group that received Bobath exercises in children with cerebral palsy
... Also relevant is the appearance of abnormal postural and movement patterns due to the release of abnormal postural reflex activity (18). ...
Introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease with a fluctuating and unpredictable course that has no curative treatment at present. One of its main characteristics is the variety of signs and symptoms that produce a high percentage of patients who present alterations in balance and gait during the development of the disease, decreased muscle strength, spasticity, or decreased pimax. Rehabilitative therapy, especially physiotherapy, is the main course of the treatment of these alterations using reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept as a form of kinesitherapy that activates the preorganized circuits of the central nervous system.
Objective
The objective of this study is to evaluate the reflex locomotion and Bobath concept effects on balance, spasticity, reaction time, respiratory parameters, and lacrimal biomolecular markers.
Methods and analysis
This is a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of two neurorehabilitation techniques in patients with multiple sclerosis conducted at the University of Salamanca. The research will take place at the Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca. The study will be conducted from June 2023 to June 2024. The reflex locomotion group will receive individual sessions of therapy (n = 27), and the Bobath concept group (n = 27) will receive the same number of sessions. Both groups will receive two sessions per week for 12 months. The measurement variables will be the Berg Balance Scale, the Tardieu Scale, the Cognitfit Program, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure, and Lacrimal Biomarkers.
Ethics and dissemination
This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salamanca on March 2023 (ref: 896).
Limitations
The main limitations of this study are the selection and number of patients, the delay in implementing the therapy within the initially scheduled period, inadequate sample collection, and inadequate sample processing.
Trial registration number
ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT05558683.
... In the rehabilitation of children with CP, neurophysiological methods are most often used, especially neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) developed by Bobath [9], dynamic neuromuscular treatment (DNT) developed by Vojta [10], proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) developed by Knot [11], and the sensory integration intervention concept (SI) developed by Ayres [12]. ...
... Looking at previous studies that applied NDT to children with cerebral palsy, as a result of NDT for trunk control, the Pediatric Balance Scale, 1-Minute Walking Test, Timed Up and Go test, and muscle strength all reported significant improvements compared to the control group [15,16]. NDT interventions for CP for 12 weeks showed significant functional improvements in all dimensions but no significant improvement in Gross motor function measure (GMFM) dimension E (walking, running, and jumping) [17]. ...
... Compared with the control group, the experimental group improved and showed significant improvements in the GMFM B dimension, total GMFM score, static control, and active control. This is consistent with the results of many previous studies that reported improved GMFM scores after NDT intervention [16][17][18]24,[28][29][30]. ...
... For CP, NDT-based posture and balance training improved both the GMFM score and the alignment of posture [16]. When NDT with focused on trunk control is provided for CP, GMFM-88, postural assessment scale (PAS), pediatric balance scale (PBS), and trunk impairment scale (TIS) scores are improved [28]. ...
Background:
Good trunk control is essential for higher developmental stages as the trunk is activated first when movement occurs, providing stability for the head and extremities.
Purpose:
To determine if neurodevelopmental treatment-based trunk control exercise (NDT-TCE) is effective in improving gross motor function and trunk control in children with developmental disabilities (DD).
Materials and methods:
Twenty children with developmental disabilities were randomly assigned to the NDT-TCE (12 children) and control (8 children) groups.
Results:
After the intervention; the NDT-TCE group showed improvement in GMFM (Gross Motor Function Measure; except for the GMFM-E dimension) and SATCo scores. The control group showed improvement in GMFM-A; B; C; and total scores; as well as static and active control of SATCo. The NDT-TCE group had a significant improvement in the GMFM B dimension and total score compared to the control group. The NDT-TCE group showed a significant improvement in static and active control of SATCo compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in reactive control.
Conclusions:
The NDT-TCE intervention specifically improved GMFM-B and trunk control scores. Therefore, NDT-TCE can be applied as a trunk-focused intervention for children with DD who have difficulty controlling their trunk.
... NDT-Bobath treatment was developed for treating neurodevelopmental disorders in young and adult people. Since 1940, NDT-Bobath has been based on research about brain functions and neurophysiology [29]. This treatment also included posture and balance training, which aims to improve children to the maximum independence level in each activity daily of living [29]. ...
... Since 1940, NDT-Bobath has been based on research about brain functions and neurophysiology [29]. This treatment also included posture and balance training, which aims to improve children to the maximum independence level in each activity daily of living [29]. ...
... The NDT-Bobath method is a good choice of treatment since this method seeks to improve gross motor function, especially in children with CP. We also chose this method since it takes into consideration balance and postural control [29]. As previously mentioned, postural control is essential during feeding procedures. ...
Muscle tension around the head and neck influences orofacial functions. The data exist concerning head posture during increased salivation; however, little is known about muscle tightness during this process.
This study aims to investigate whether or not any muscles are related to problems with eating, such as drooling in individuals with cerebral palsy.
Nineteen patients between the ages of 1 and 14 were examined prior to the physiotherapy intervention. This intervention lasted three months and consisted of: relaxing muscles via the strain-counterstrain technique, functional exercises based on the NeuroDevelopmental Treatment-Bobath method, and functional exercises for eating;
In conclusion, the tightness of the muscles in the head area can cause drooling during feeding.
... Testing a child at maximum gait speed is considered to be a better assessment of the functional ability for dynamic balance, muscle performance and endurance compared to the gait speed of his/her choice, and may allow many children with CP to walk 1 minute. 1-Minute Walking Test (1MWT) is an easy-to-use, inexpensive functional ability assessment method in clinical trials when time constraints and other necessary testing procedures make it difficult to perform an overall functional assessment (19,20). ...
Objective:Aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of performing the International classification of functioning, disability and health: children and youth version (ICF-CY) on the description of functioning, disability and health in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Methods:Thirty children with diplegic or hemiplegic CP (13 girls: 17 boys) with a mean age of 9.13±2.2 years (6-13 years) participated in the study. For ICF core set, 35 categories were selected which were most suitable for children with CP. In addition, gait and balance tests, gross motor function measurement, Wee-FIM for Children Scale and Child Health Questionnaire-Mother/Father Report (CHQ-PF50) were also used. Body structure and function, activity and participation of each child and limiting and facilitating factors of their environment were coded.Results:The ICF core set body functions, activity-participation, walking and balance tests, Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), Pediatric Functional Independence Measure (WEEFIM) were found to be moderately correlated (p
