Figure - available from: SN Applied Sciences
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Source publication
This paper presents a new synergetic control scheme for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed control scheme improves the quality of energy injected by the PV inverter into the grid by minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of currents during low sunlight conditions. The proposed technique makes use of an intermediate virtu...
Citations
... This control method is an alternative for the control of nonlinear systems with uncertainties and operating in the presence of disturbances. This control method has been the subject of several research projects in different fields [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Very little work has been done on the application of the synergetic control method in WECSs. ...
This paper presents the synergetic control of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) associated with a rectifier, a bidirectional DC–DC converter and an inverter all controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM). The bidirectional DC–DC converter feeding a battery is controlled to maintain the DC bus voltage at a desired constant value. The permanent magnet synchronous generator is driven by a variable speed wind turbine. The synergetic control developed aims at regulating the current on the d-axis, at ensuring the monitoring of the maximum power point, at regulating the DC bus voltage by controlling the charge/discharge of a battery mounted in parallel as well as the regulation of the voltage at the load. The studied wind chain can be used in remote areas not connected to the national grid where the wind speed is low. The analysis of the controller convergence is based on the Lyapunov theory. Simulations performed in the MATLAB/Simulink numerical environment have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed control method when the wind power system operates under load variations and parameter uncertainties.
... To ensure the extraction of the maximum power in a photovoltaic system under variable irradiance and temperature, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is implemented through a DC-DC converter [13,14]. Te inverter can therefore convert this DC energy into AC form for AC loads [15]. Photovoltaic systems can be mainly classifed into standalone and gridconnected photovoltaic systems [7,16]. ...
... Photovoltaic systems can be mainly classifed into standalone and gridconnected photovoltaic systems [7,16]. In the gridconnected PV systems, solar energy source is connected to the grid through inverters and these are used to fll the energy defcit of grids [15,16]. During the coordination and operation of the grid-connected photovoltaic systems, undesirable efects on both the grid and end-user equipment can arise due to power quality disruptions due to the variations in meteorological conditions and the presence of nonlinear loads into the grid [17]. ...
... One of the main and worst power quality disturbances is the injection of harmonic distortions of the current by the solar photovoltaic systems and nonlinear loads into the grid [9,18,19], especially in low irradiance conditions [20,21]. Disturbances caused by these harmonic distortions of the current in the electrical grid are overheating of cables, breakdown of capacitors, increase in line losses, power factor degradation, vibration and acoustic noise from motors, malfunction of metering devices, and aging of lines [15,22]. To address the aforementioned problems, various control strategies are proposed in the literature by many authors. ...
In a grid-connected photovoltaic system, the quality of energy injected by the photovoltaic system into the grid is directly linked to the topology of the inverter used and to the efficiency of its control technique. This paper addresses this problem for a two-level grid-connected photovoltaic inverter operating under low irradiance conditions. The aim is to reduce the harmonic distortion on the electrical network and therefore improve its power quality. To achieve this goal, a control strategy was set up considering the nonlinearity of the dynamic system, and the high dimension of the system model. Thus, a nonlinear controller designed using the backstepping technique is proposed. The effectiveness of this control strategy was evaluated by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show that the proposed control technique significantly improves the power quality of the grid-connected photovoltaic system by minimizing the current harmonic distortion rates in low irradiance conditions. The current harmonic distortion rates obtained for solar irradiance of 1000 W/m2, 750 W/m2, 500 W/m2, and 250 W/m2 are 0.48%, 0.78%, 1.22%, and 2.16%, respectively. The power factor is 0.988, and the DC bus voltage is maintained at its reference voltage of 600 V with a very low response time during the transient phases. A comparison of our simulation results with those found in the literature on other control techniques such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and synergetic controls shows the efficiency, superiority, and satisfactory performance of the proposed control scheme to minimize harmonic distortion under low irradiance conditions. The robustness and better dynamic performance of the proposed backstepping controller under varying irradiance conditions have also been shown.
... The literature explicitly describes a number of methods usually used to track the maximum power point for solar PV. We have, for example, the incremental conductance technique [25], perturbation and observation technique [26,27], artificial intelligence techniques [28][29][30], Synergetic Control techniques [31,32], Wild Horse Optimizer (WHO) technique [33], Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) technique [34,35], etc. ...
Three-phase electrical energy transmission lines are generally built to perform symmetrical operations, i.e., if a single-phase or two-phase fault affects a line, all three phases of the line are immediately switched off. The literature shows the advantages of asymmetric exploitation of networks over symmetric exploitation. One of the problems with asymmetrical operation is that the transmitted power is not 100% compensated. In this paper, the IPC 240 with three branches was used for asymmetrical compensation, and for the compensation of the transmitted power reduction, a solar PV system was used. For this, three scenarios were studied on a short transmission line (30 kV, 3 MW) equipped with dual IPCs 240. Scenario 1 was considered when the line was contingency-free, which showed that the IPC 240 had no effect on the network and the transmitted power remained at 3 MW. Scenario 2 was considered when a single-phase contingency arises. The IPCs were reconfigured to assure the asymmetric operation of the line, but it was seen that the transmitted power dropped to 2 MW. Scenario 3 was considered when there was a single-phase contingency on the line and the 1 MW compensating PV system connected to the line. The results obtained in scenario 3 revealed the effectiveness of the power compensation since the power was approximately 97% compensated. The MATLAB/Simulink environment was used for the virtual implementation and validation of the overall proposed system.
... On the other hand, the Slide Mode Control (SMC) is a nonlinear method that is widely used in the literature [44]. The (SMC) is a nonlinear method with superior performance characteristics such as ease of implementation, quick dynamic response, and robustness [45][46][47]. But its main drawback is the chattering phenomenon which causes undesirable oscillations. ...
In this paper, an Optimized Synergetic Nonlinear Controller (OSNC) is proposed to efficiently determine the maximum power point of a Photovoltaic Generator matched to the load through a DC-DC boost converter. The dynamic equation of the conventional synergetic controller is modified to adjust the Manifold in such a way that the optimum maximum power point (MPP) is reached. This new approach is implemented in the Matlab/Simulink software and shows increased convergence in steady and transient states. Consequently, this new approach exhibits better performance than the conventional nonlinear synergetic controller (SNC) in standard test conditions and weather varying conditions.
... Despite these various methods of regulation, human satisfaction is far from being achieved. In [8], the theory of synergetic control is exploited in regulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor parameters, [9] and [10] use the same theory to control a static compensator and [11] shows that synergetic control contributes to the reduction of harmonics current injected by grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The work of [12]presents synergistic control as a strong and robust tool in the automation of robotic manipulators. ...
An adaptive synergetic control scheme of a DC motor via a DC-DC converter is presented in this article. The difficulty in implementing a synergetic control lies in the optimal choice of the control parameters. This operation becomes tedious when the number of closed loops in the control system is large. Several adaptive parameter methods are exposed in the literature, some of which are complex and others simple. A synergetic control parameter adaptation law is almost unexplored in the scientific literature. The proposed solution is an adaptation mechanism of the synergetic control parameter using the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) rule. A theoretical study carried out made it possible to highlight a law of adjustment of the current and the speed, the variation of which verifies the negative direction of the gradient of the defined cost function. Computer simulations in Matlab/Simulink show good controller performance in improving transient stability and settling time. In addition, synergetic control is an interesting tool for speed and current control of DC motor.
... Table 2 compare the THD current (%) of the proposed method with recent works. [25] Proposed synergetic 1.03 [26] R-load with Grid+SAPF 2.48 [27] Modified SRF theory-based control 3.7 [28] Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC) 1.74 [29] DPC proposed controlrol 1. ...
In order to better adapt to the variation in solar irradiation and to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic generator, i.e. to maximize the power delivered to the grid. Several criteria’s for optimizing the efficiency of the photovoltaic system have been applied. Among them, the algorithms for tracking the optimal operating point of the photovoltaic panels that called Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In this article, a PV generator (GPV) has been connected to the power grid, as a result, direct consequence is in the deterioration of the voltage wave and thus the quality level of the energy supplied to the consumers. To overcome these problems of harmonic pollution, active power filtering is proposed as an efficient solution to improve grid power quality. This paper therefore proposes to examine the characteristics of an association between a photovoltaic generator (PVG) that aims at injecting active power into the electrical grid and a parallel active filter that has the task of eliminating disturbances present in this grid. The theory of the two-phase method with Adaline harmonic extraction is applied for the extraction of the reference currents according to the DQ reference frame. Finite set mode predictive current control (FS-MPCC) applied on PAF has been proposed in order to compensate undesirable harmonic, and reactive power resulting from a non-linear load. A Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) algorithm based Adaline method has been suggested for extracting power from PVG. A simulation under Matlab/Simulink of the global system proves the robust performance capability of the suggested Adaline Neuro-Predictive (ANP) control to simultaneously provide harmonic current compensation, power factor correction and solar power energy injection into the grid.
This paper presents an adaptive approach to performance analysis and estimation of unmeasurable and inaccessible parameters of a PV power plant based on the neural structures and mechanism proposed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). This approach takes into account the single diode model, the empirical efficiency analysis model and an additional simple electronic circuit that allows to establish the voltage and current dynamics. The new scheme found here develops the observers using neural networks for the estimation of the unmeasurable and inaccessible parameters of the one-diode model. The MIT mechanism combined with the proposed ADALINE neural network has interesting features for the accurate determination of the k-pis parameters of the empirical model for PV plant performance analysis. The implementation of the proposed tool is done in the numerical environment Matlab/simulink and in real time via the Arduino target for the experimental part. The numerical and experimental results are presented in order to estimate the parameters and their performances. The results found here show that our approach stands for a robust tool to analyze defects. Another particularity of the new approach concerns the fault analysis based on the resistor behaviors in a three-dimensional frame. Hence, the proposed tools contribute to the fault analysis, the parameter estimation and the performance evaluation of the PV source whatever the operating conditions.
