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Four Early Copper Age graves were excavated at Polgár-Nagy-Kasziba; two young children, and two adults – the latter including an elderly man and a woman. They all belong to the so-called Tiszapolgár culture. Thanks to numerous examinations – meaning anthropology, pathology or AMS dating –, much information were revealed about the four individuals,...
Citations
... Within the remits of this article, four (major) undisturbed and published (including the metric data on ceramics) Early Copper Age cemeteries or grave clusters (all situated away from the settlements) were examined: (1) Tiszapolgár-Basatanya (Bognár-Kutzián, 1963), (2) Tiszavalk-Kenderföld (Patay, 1978b), (3) Polgár-Nagy-Kasziba (Solnay, 2018), and (4) Tiszabábolna-Szilpuszta (Hillebrandt & Patay, 1977, pp. 41-47). ...
... At Polgár-Nagy-Kasziba, a group of four Early Copper Age graves with Tiszapolgár style vessels (Raczky et al., 1997;Solnay, 2018) was excavated in 1996 (Hajdú & Nagy, 1999, p. 149). The site is situated on Polgár Island (Raczky et al., 2014, p. 323, Figure 4), on the eastern bank of the Kengyel Stream. ...
Investigation into the utilitarian function of mortuary vessels is often a neglected aspect of ceramic examination. Since, in most cases, a direct link can be assumed between the vessels’ size, form, and most optimal utilitarian function, morphometry-based ceramic categories – along with ethnoarchaeological examples – can help to understand the role of these vessels in funerary contexts. This article focuses on the relationship between the utilitarian function of ceramics and their roles in graves through the analysis of eight Early Copper Age (4400/4300–4000/3900 BC) burial sites, associated with Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr ceramic styles, from the Upper Tisza Region (Hungary). The deposition of ceramic assemblages in graves became common in this period; however, a systematic analysis of their function has never been carried out before. In this study, a morphometry-based methodology was developed to establish the vessels’ utilitarian function. These functions were considered in the analysis of the composition of mortuary assemblages, and how they may reflect social status or gender roles of the deceased individual. Results indicate that the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr assemblages cannot be unequivocally distinguished from each other based on morphometric and functional criteria, suggesting similar functional roles in the past funerary contexts.
... The Polgár microregion is one of the well-studied areas of the GHP due to the rescue excavations before the M3 motorway constructions and field surveys performed during several decades. After the cessation of the two or three LN complex tell settlements Different types of sites could be detected in these periods: formal cemeteries-Polgár-Bacsókert (Patay 1959), Tiszapolgár-Basatanya (Bognár-Kutzián 1963), Polgár-Nagy-Kasziba (?) (Raczky et al. 1997;Solnay 2018), Polgár-Horti legelő (unpublished, discovered during our field surveys)-settlements, e.g. Görbeháza-Nagy-kapros-dűlő, Polgár-Cibó-hát, Polgár-Királyér-part (Raczky et al. 2014;Szilágyi 2015: 130-141), small grave groups on settlements-Polgár-Királyér-part (Szilágyi 2015: 130-141), and a single ritual well-Polgár-Kengyel-köz (Hajdú 2007: 164-169). ...
... Raczky et al. (1997) assumed that they belonged to a larger cemetery and were members of a nuclear family. The graves contained numerous Tiszapolgár style vessels (Solnay 2018 (Table 2). According to 14 C measurements, the man and the child could have been buried in one period, while the female grave belongs to an earlier period. ...
The main goal of our research project was to date the Early and Middle Copper Age (4500/4450-3800 cal BC) of the Great Hungarian Plain more precisely. In our project, we took samples for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating from both settlement features and burials, and the data were analyzed using Bayesian modeling. We examined the Early and Middle Copper Age finds of the Great Hungarian Plain on several levels (site, microregional, and regional levels) using a bottom-up approach. The AMS measurements were supplemented by statistics-based pottery analysis in order to make our understanding of the relationship between the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr cultures more detailed. As a result, we can see a significant, 130 (68.2%) 230 years overlap between the two types of find assemblages, which contradicts to the earlier accepted chronological sequences created by the traditional culture-historical approach. According to the stylistic analyzes, the two ceramic styles are not clearly distinguishable.
Based on five assemblages from various locations of the Great Hungarian Plain (Szajol-Felsőföld, Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Öcsöd-Kováshalom, Polgár-Csőszhalom-dűlő, Berettyóújfalu-Herpály), this article analyses the composition and variation in Neolithic ceramic vessel inventories. Two of them were set in burned houses, filled with rich finds and sophisticated furnishings. One of them was a structured deposition that had been constructed for a specific reason. Other pottery assemblages were discovered in the middens of two villages. The capacity data from over 500 vessels was sufficient to illustrate the analytical options and outline a relevant interpretation framework.
