Figure 1 - uploaded by Xilei Zhao
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
In an increasingly urbanizing world with growing threats of climate change and terrorism, hazards occur more frequently with more severe consequences, bringing significant long-term impacts and requiring years for a community to recover. In order to be better prepared and reduce the impacts of adverse events, communities should conduct effective em...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... shown in Figure 1.1, R is the green area under the curve; a larger R (or smaller loss in functioning) represents a more resilient community against hazards. Here, we use relative community functioning, because a community with higher level of abso- lute pre-event functioning can expect higher resilience. The first part of integral in eqn.(1.1) measures the resistance of a community: higher t 1 t 0 F (t)dt indicates higher resistance and thus higher resilience of a community during the short-time period after the event. From t 1 to t 2 is the recovery phase after the disaster, so larger t 2 t 1 F (t)dt shows faster and more efficient recovery. Note that, with proper planning and investments, a community can have enhanced community functioning (i.e., over CHAPTER 1. ...
Context 2
... shown in Figure 1.2 and discussed in Chapter 3, transportation infrastructure plays a critical role in CIbSSs and communities. However, urban transportation networks are quite complex, consisting of many components (such as traffic signals, cars, buses, pedestrians, etc.), which makes modeling resilient transportation systems A major reason for using the MLE-based full-system/subsystem technique is that complicated connections exist between the full system traffic behavior (routes' travel times) and the subsystem traffic flow (links' success rates). That is, the complexities of network traffic (e.g., traffic incidents, work zones, bad weather, poor traffic signal timing, etc.) cannot be readily modeled mathematically, but the MLEs based on test data can make full use of information at both link levels and O-D levels to properly represent these connections and implicitly capture the physics of traffic. The full- system/subsystem technique as applied to a single route has been proved simple and easy-to-implement [Zhao and Spall, 2016]; this thesis extends the idea to full ...
Context 3
... "Recovery includes actions taken to return to a normal or improved operating condition following a disaster." al., 2003]. They inte- grated quantitative measures of robustness, rapidity, resourcefulness, and redundancy into the four dimensions of community resilience, including technical, organizational, social, and economic. In this dissertation, we adapt the basic concept from [Bruneau et al., 2003, Dorbritz, 2011 and extend it to a broader quantitative definition of community resilience. Figure 1.1, relative community resilience, R, is measured by the area under the curve for relative community functioning F over time t during the "resistance" and "recovery" phases, which can be presented mathematically as ...
