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Graphical illustration of the results for triplicate experimental settings with respect to seed preparation. (a): seed throughput; (b): residual oil in press cake.
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The performance of oil expression from Jatropha curcas L. (Jatropha) seeds using a pilot scale continuous screw press was studied. The influence of seed pre-treatment, i.e. whole, crushed and deshelled seeds, screw-press operational settings (shaft rotational speed and press cake outlet section) was investigated. For each experiment, the material f...
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Context 1
... reproducibility of the experiment is appreciated by analysing the results of triplicated experimental settings. Figure 2 shows the results of these three settings in terms of seed throughput and residual oil in press cake. The graph shows that seed throughput results are fairly reproduced with any type of seeds, the worst case being with crushed seeds with less than ± 10% gap around average. ...
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... Separation efficiency indicates the rate at which raw material can be separated into individual fractions. Small screw presses separate at an average efficiency of 18 m 3 ·h −1 , and range from 6 to 25 m 3 ·h −1 [48]. The real flow rate will depend on the input dry matter content of the digestate. ...
... The separation of the digestate into solid and liquid fractions is a basic element necessary for further processing. The most popular technology used today is the screw press [48,61]. The yield-forming elements, including nitrogen, are separated into solid and liquid fractions. ...
The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive economic and energy efficiency analysis of selected digestate management methods, considering their implications on operational costs and resource management. To achieve this aim, the study focuses on a comparative assessment of different digestate management methods, including land application, mechanical separation, the composting process and pellet production. The economic analysis involves the evaluation of the initial investment, operational expenses, and potential revenue streams associated with each method. The most economical and popular solution of digestate management is direct use as fertilizer, with total costs of 1.98 EUR·Mg−1. All of the other methods involve higher digestate management costs, respectively; for separation it is 2.42 EUR·Mg−1, for composting it is 2.81 EUR·Mg−1. The process that is the most energy-intensive, but profitable, is the production of pellets from digestate, resulting in profits of 334,926 EUR·year−1. It should be noted that the other analyzed methods of digestate management also bring many environmental benefits, affecting sustainability and reducing emissions. The results of this research will contribute unique data on the feasibility of managing the digestate and its fractions. The calculations of economic and energy values for different strategies will allow for the optimization of the overall performance of the biogas plant, thus promoting a circular economy.
... The technology of vegetable oil production involves various processes applied to the raw oilseed material. Mechanical processes play a significant role in this technology [6]. Such processes as cleaning the seeds of impurities, breaking and separating the fruit and seed coats from the embryo and endosperm (kernel), grinding the kernel, and intermediate products of its processing, are mainly mechanical, preparing the material for intensive physical and chemical transformations [7]. ...
This study aims to improve press equipment for safflower oil production by using a mechanism that optimizes pressure distribution within screw turns. A detailed analysis of the main components of the produced safflower oil was performed, encompassing both quantitative and qualitative assessments. Through the exploration of dependencies governing the safflower oil pressing process on the screw press, the optimal parameters were determined. As a result of the research, the optimal diaphragm gap between the gape cylinder and the pressing screw was determined, with the optimal oil yield percentage achieved at ω = 6.2 rad/s and δ = 5 mm. The study also compared the performance of the existing Dream Modern ODM-01 screw press and its upgraded version by analyzing the extracted oil. The results reveal changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the main oil components following the operation of the existing and the modernized screw presses. For instance, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid (7.7 ± 0.566%), linoleic acid (85.3 ± 1.185%), and linolenic acid (1.2 ± 0.223%), increased. There was an increase in the presence of inorganic substances in safflower oil: iron (0.023 ± 0.031 mg/kg), phosphorus (0.086 ± 0.059mg/kg), silicium (0.136 ± 0.075 mg/kg), and others. The findings of this study hold significant commercial value and offer promising prospects for global market implementation.
... It is known that a low residual oil content indic high oil extraction efficiency and good quality of the oil product, as most of the oil been removed from the raw material. On the contrary, a high residual oil content indicate an inefficient pressing process or equipment problems [31,32]. The findings from this study provide valuable insights into the optimal conditions for sunflower oil pressing. ...
... It is known that a low residual oil content indicates high oil extraction efficiency and good quality of the oil product, as most of the oil has been removed from the raw material. On the contrary, a high residual oil content may indicate an inefficient pressing process or equipment problems [31,32]. ...
Sunflower is a major agricultural oilseed crop, and the Republic of Kazakhstan has been steadily strengthening its position as a producer of oilseeds. In this study, an oil pressing machine with two processes, including grinding sunflower seeds and pressing the obtained cake to separate the oil, is constructed. The experiment investigated the impact of different grinding degrees (hole diameters of plates of 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, and 2 mm) and screw rotation speeds (ranging from 30 rpm to 250 rpm) on oil pressing efficiency. The study used sunflower seeds with an oil content of 45–47% and moisture of 7–9%. The results showed that increasing the grinding degree and screw rotation speed led to higher oil yield. The optimal condition was a grinding degree of 4 mm and a screw rotation speed of 60 rpm, resulting in the highest oil yield of 15.6 g/s. Additionally, the residual oil content of the seed cake decreased significantly as pressure increased during pressing, particularly with 4 mm grinding. Power consumption increased with higher screw rotation speeds and finer grinding degrees, indicating the influence of grinding components on energy demand. The cake density increased with higher screw rotation speeds and finer grinding degrees, highlighting the impact of grinding mechanisms on cake compactness. Moreover, the temperature of the cake rose with increased screw rotation speed and the presence of grinding sieves. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the sunflower oil pressing process, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate grinding degrees and screw rotation speeds to maximize oil yield and pressing efficiency.
... chemical, solvent, or a mix of the two, technique. a mechanical process is used in a physical manner (Chapuis, et al., 2014). A material, typically a liquid, that dissolves or is capable of dissolving the component of a solution present in greater amount is used in the chemical extraction process. ...
Due to their many purposes and functions for mankind, oils from fruits and seeds are given a lot of importance today. As a result, there is a higher demand for cashew, avocado, and bush pear oils. The Soxhlet extractor and petroleum ether as the extracting solvent are used in this work to extract and characterize the oils from the seeds of Cashew, Avocado, and Bush pear. Physical and chemical studies of the extracted oil were performed alongside with the identification of any trace metals. The findings assessed the yield, color, relative density, refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, and saponification value free fatty acid for Bush pear, Avocado pear, and Cashew seeds. The yield (%) of the oil produced from the various seeds of cashew, avocado, and bush pear oils is of specific significance. This finding reveals highest oil yield of 38.2% in Avocado pear oil, compared to 34.4% and 27.4% oil yield in Bush pear seed, and Cashew seed, respectively. In addition to being edible, Bush pear and Cashew oil's low acid value of 6.4 mg KOH/g and 7.7 mg KOH/g, respectively compared to Avocado oil's low acid value of 14.6 mg KOH/g avocado suggests that Bush pear and Cashew oils finds good applications in the paint industry. The study also showed that potassium had the highest concentration of any metal, with 45.8 mg/100g in avocado oil, compared 24.9 mg/100g and 1.68 mg/100g for Cashew seed oil and Bush pear, respectively. Zinc had the lowest concentration, with a value of 0.38 mg/100g observed in Cashew compared with 1.32 mg/100g and 2.06 mg/100g for Bush pear and Avocado, respectively. Hence, this reveals that Oils extracted from Cashew finds good applications in the production of hydraulic oil with exceptional lubrication properties. The FTIR study shows that functional groups including alkanes, alkenes, carbonyls, etc. are present in the seed oils of Bush pear, Avocado pear, and Cashew seeds.
... Roller sample was chucked on wear tester rotation platform for mechanical and shear test. Considering real oil extraction condition and seed mechanical testing, the load and revolution range were selected based on literature and industrial survey (Pradhan et al., 2011;Rabadán et al., 2017;Rabadán et al., 2018;Adeeko & Ajibola, 1990;Chapuis et al., 2014;Mizera et al., 2018;Oluwole et al., 2015). Working pressure for screw oil extraction is usually 5-65 Mpa for oil seeds, 5-25 Mpa for softer seed. ...
Castor seed oil, as an important biomass fuel, has attracted extensive attention worldwide due to inclusive applications. Castor seed screw mechanical extraction is in fact seed shear damage and oil output. Seed shearing mechanism has been investigated with a developed tribometer. Influences of pressing load, shearing speed, roller roughness were analyzed. Castor seed structural damage was in-situ observed with optical microscope, and in-depth analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. The results reveal that shear interaction can be divided into three stages: coat damage, transition shearing and endosperm oil output. Seed shear mechanism includes coat peeling, endosperm plowing, tissue transferring and oil lubrication. High pressing load leads to more damage of coat and endosperm, causing more oil to flow out. With shearing speed increasing, coat is easily peeled, obvious endosperm shear plowing and oil lubrication happened in contact area. Coat damage by high roughness leads more oil output. Castor oil enters the contact area and work as lubricant, leading to the decrease of friction resistance.
... Increasing the speed of the screw leads to an increase in the press throughput. However, the residual oil content in the cake will be higher because less time is spent on squeezing oil from the safflower seeds [29,30]. ...
... Increasing the speed of the screw leads to an increase in the press throughput. However, the residual oil content in the cake will be higher because less time is spent on squeezing oil from the safflower seeds [29,30]. At a constant rotation of the screw, but changing the diaphragm gap from 1 mm to 7 mm, the density of the cake increases significantly. ...
This article is devoted to modeling the pressing process of an experimental screw press for safflower oil production in small enterprises of the grain processing industry. The theoretical analysis for developing the process of oil pressing in a screw press is considered. Using methods of mathematical modeling, the problem of squeezing the liquid phase from dispersed material is described and solved. The basic scheme and characteristics of the press equipment and the principle of its work are presented. The proposed method of the theoretical calculation of the pressing process helps to determine the optimal parameters and to press safflower oil using the proposed design of the screw press. During the process of pressing, the highest value of oil yield is reached at the diaphragm gap of δ = 0.1 mm and screw rotation speed of ω = 6.2 rad/s.
... Hydraulic oil press remained in use as late as the 1950's, before the last of them were replaced with continuous screw presses and continuous solvent extraction plants, both of which required a lot less labor and could process at much higher rates (Kemper, 2020). Today, the most widely used equipment for oilseed extraction is the screw press (Chapuis et al., 2014). ...
... Pressure continues to increase along the length of the screw due to reduced space, which squeezes the oil through the oilseed mixture, meal, and out of the barrel through the gaps between the bars. The pressed meal is then discharged at the end of the screw (Bogaert et al., 2018;Chapuis et al., 2014). ...
Oil oxidation presents a huge obstacle for the food industry. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are widely employed, yet they present a variety of health risks and complication. This raises the interest in the use of natural antioxidants, and inspired the pursuit of this study.
Sunflower oil was enriched with the same concentration (0.02%) of spent coffee ground extract (SCGE) and BHT, and subjected to 15 minutes of microwave heating to simulate oil-frying, working in 5-minute intervals.
The oxidative potential of the spent coffee grounds (SCGs) was established by calculating their total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), as well as by testing its free radical scavenging ability against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH assay). The oxidative degradation of the oil was measured using E232 and E270 extinctions, acidity value, peroxide value and fatty acid profile.
The results have proven the clear antioxidant effectiveness of BHT, as well as, though at a lower scale, the antioxidant capacity of SCGE, meaning SCGs present a great valorization opportunity for the food industry.
... Vegetable oil and industrial applications require seed oil extraction. Vegetable oil is generally extracted from oilseeds by expeller pressing and solvent extraction [11][12][13]. Solvent extraction is more costly and less pure than mechanical pressing; the mechanical method is generally used in industrial extraction, which mainly involves continuous pressing within decreasing space [14]. Seed oil yield is an important index in the oil extraction process, and is mainly affected by moisture content, temperature, load and rate etc. [15][16][17][18]. ...
... + 0.001x 2 − 4.313 × 10 −6 x 3 − 0.0181 (10) y10 = −3.4533x + 0.0038x 2 − 6.74 × 10 −5 x 3 + 697.418 (11) where x represents the drying temperature, y9 represents oil yield on a seed kernel, R 2 (y9) = 0.9926, y10 represents drying weight loss rate, R 2 (y10) = 0.9985, y11 represents energy and R 2 (y11) = 0.9985. ...
... + 0.001x 2 − 4.313 × 10 −6 x 3 − 0.0181 (10) y 10 = −3.4533x + 0.0038x 2 − 6.74 × 10 −5 x 3 + 697.418 (11) where x represents the drying temperature, y 9 represents oil yield on a seed kernel, R 2 (y 9 ) = 0.9926, y 10 represents drying weight loss rate, R 2 (y 10 ) = 0.9985, y 11 represents energy and R 2 (y 11 ) = 0.9985. ...
Products from Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge seed have gained extensive attention for various applications, especially in the fields of edible oils and industrial applications. In order to study seed kernel mechanical–structural behavior and oil yield mechanisms during extrusion, we set up a self-developed texture analyzer with in situ microscope observation. Test results indicated that seed kernel oil yield and pressing energy showed an approximately parabolic shape under pressing strain, and maximum oil yield reached 25.7%. Only local tissue damage occurred on seed kernels at strain 45–85%, cracks formed from the kernel edge to the inside zone and small cracks obviously increased in number, corresponding with the oil yield and energy–strain curve. The effect of speed on oil yield showed an opposite trend to strain effect; high pressing speed led to lower oil yield due to the short time for oil precipitation and lower pressing energy. Dwell time obviously promoted oil output within 600 s. Drying temperature had a negative effect due to structural change. Oil yield was almost zero at temperatures below 120 °C. The oil yield and pressing energy relation curve was obtained by polynomial fitting; optimal seed kernel oil pressing conditions were strain 95%, 0.1 mm/s, 20 °C, dwell time 600 s. The research provides in-depth theoretical guidance for Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge oil production.
... It has been universally used in recent years (Azadmard-Damirchi et al., 2010;Siger et al., 2008;Willems et al., 2008). According to this method, the extraction percentage is a function of various factors, such as extraction temperature, product moisture, pressure on the product surface, mass of sample, etc. Cold press has long been studied as rotary press, rolling press, and hydraulic press in various fields, but few studies have been dedicated to investigate important parameters affecting oil extraction efficiency (Aguilera & Stanley, 1999;Bako et al., 2020;Bamgboye & Adejumo, 2007;Chapuis et al., 2014). In order to maximize the oil extraction percentage and keep the minimum oil in the pulp, it is of remarkable importance to control the variables during the process, so that the uncontrolled variable will result in low efficiency and poor quality of the extracted oil (Bamgboye & Adejumo, 2011). ...
In this study, a batch flow oil extraction system was used for extraction of oil from walnut (Juglans regia L.) and Sesamum (Indicum sesame). Sample mass (g), applied pressure (MPa), and processing temperature of oil (°C) were selected as independent variables and oil extraction mass percentage and oil analysis as dependent variables. Response surface methodology was employed for conducting statistical analysis, modeling, and data optimization. The results revealed that the highest percentage of oil extraction for walnut was obtained at a pressure of 10.5 MPa, a temperature of 31.5°C, and a sample weight of 8 g, with a value of 25.36%. Also, the highest percent-age of oil extraction for Sesamum was obtained at the pressure of 13.88 MPa, the temperature of 31.5°C, and a sample value of 20 g with a value of 22.4%. Optimal level of independent variables for walnut and sesame were 8.03 g, 10.41 MPa, and 27.37°C; 20 g, 13.88 MPa, and 27°C, respectively. In this optimum condition, the amount of sesame and walnut peroxide was 10 ± 0.03 and 1.9 ± 0.07 (meq O2/kg), respectively. Likewise, the amount of acid for sesame and walnut was 1.53 ± 0.05 and 0.06 ± 0.02 g/%, separately. Linoleic acid (42.7–51.15), oleic acid (38.6–24.03), palmitic acid (10.87–8.21), and stearic acid (5.5–3.39) were the most common fatty acid components in sesame and walnuts, respectively.KEYWORDScold press, oil extraction, oil pressure, optimization, regression model
... Other advancements to oil screw presses were the design of the machines and the materials used in their manufacture. For Jatropha Curcas, Chapuis et al. (Chapuis et al., 2014) conducted pilot-scale research to determine the effects of seed pre-treatment (whole, crushed, and deshelled seeds), as well as screw press operating settings (shaft rotating speed and press cake output section). According to their findings, seed preparation affects the quality and efficiency of oil extraction. ...
... According to their findings, seed preparation affects the quality and efficiency of oil extraction. The intact seed is found to have high reproductivity, but crushed seeds and deshelled seeds created unstable pressing conditions (Chapuis et al., 2014). Yate et al. (Yate et al., 2020) performed research on the mechanical extraction of Jatropha Curcas using a screw press type expeller. ...
This article looks at the national and global actors, social networks, and narratives that have influenced Jatropha’s worldwide acceptability as a biofuel crop. Jatropha Curcas is a genus of around 175 succulent shrubs and trees in the Euphorbiaceae family (some of which are deciduous, such as Jatropha Curcas L.). It’s a drought-tolerant perennial that thrives in poor or marginal soil and produces a large amount of oil per hectare. It is easy to grow, has a fast growth rate, and can generate seeds for up to 50 years. Jatropha Curcas has been developed as a unique and promising tropical plant for augmenting renewable energy sources due to its various benefits. It is deserving of being recognised as the only competitor in terms of concrete and intangible environmental advantages. Jatropha Curcas is a low-cost biodiesel feedstock with good fuel properties and more oil than other species. It is a non-edible oilseed feedstock. Thus it will have no impact on food prices or the food vs fuel debate. Jatropha Curcas emits fewer pollutants than diesel and may be used in diesel engines with equivalent performance. Jatropha Curcas also makes a substantial contribution to the betterment of rural life. The plant may also provide up to 40% oil yield per seed based on weight. This study looks at the features characteristics of Jatropha Curcas as biodiesel feedstock and performance, and emissions of internal combustion engine that operates on this biodiesel fuel.
