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Kinanthropometry is defined as the study of human size, shape,proportion, composition, maturation, and gross function, in order tounderstand growth, exercise, performance, and nutrition . It is ascientific discipline that is concerned with the measurement of thesubjects in a different of morphological views, its application tocomponents of body bui...
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... body. It is corrected for height because the surface area-volume relationship changes with height. Ectomorph is an individual having a type of body build in which tissues derived with large surface area, thin muscles and subcutaneous tissue, and slightly developed digestive viscera, as contrasted with endomorph. Ectomorph in which measurements of height and mass are combined to provide an indication of "linearity". A cubic relationship (Ponderal Index) is used for the Heath-Carter Anthropometric Somatotype. Mesomorph is an individual having a type of body build in which tissues derived from the mesoderm predominate. There is relative preponderance of muscle, bone, and connective tissue, usually with heavy, hard physique of rectangular outline. This somatotype is classified between the ectomorph and the endomorph. Mesomorphy in which measurements of bone diameters and muscle circumferences (corrected for skinfold thickness) are compared with the person's height to provide an indication of general musculoskeletal development. The three components of the Heath-Carter Anthropometric Somatotype are plotted in two dimensions on a cam- shaped "graph", called a somatochart. Plotting of the three somatotype components on a somatochart, and the normal adult variation is shown below ( Figure 3). Page 2 of 2 The centre of the somatochart is "444" or"333" and represents the "unisex phantom", while the bottom left, endomorphy, corner, is "711", the top, mesomorphy, corner is "171", and the bottom right, ectomorphy, corner is "117". The typical adult male is "353" while the typical adult female is "543 (Bailey et al.) showed the following differences in somatotype. Newer technology, like Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Computerized Tomography (CT) are more reliable than anthropometry. In addition to that, they are very expensive and only available to a few research centers. On the other hand, anthropometry has a strong tool in estimating body fat, in the field of sport researchers, medical staff, nutritionists and ...
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... It transforms, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license uses non-invasive, portable instruments to calculate height, weight, and body circumferences which can be performed in a large sample size. 1 Regular practice of slow breathing technique shows improvement in the cardiorespiratory functions. The previous studies have reported that it is well known to decrease the effect of stress which, in turn, improves the physical and mental health of an individual. ...
Introduction: Regular practice of slow breathing technique shows improvement in the cardio respiratory functions. it is well known to decrease the effect of stress which, in turn, improves the physical and mental health of an individual. Objectives: To assess the effect of slow breathing exercise practice on anthropometric parameters in healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 young, healthy volunteers of both genders participated in this study. The subjects were allocated to the study group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) based on simple random technique. Slow breathing exercise training was given to the study group for 20 minutes daily in two sessions for 12 weeks. Heights, weight, body mass index (BMI), were recorded at the start of the study and after 12 weeks in both the groups. Comparison between the study group and control group was done by Student’s unpaired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The average age of the study group and control group participants was 19.7 ± 1.7 years and 19.4 ± 1.9 years, respectively. BMI was significantly decreased in the study group from 21.72 ± 4.12 to 19.56 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward decrease in the waist–hip ratio from 0.78 ± 0.62 to 0.74 ± 0.58 (P > 0.05) which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Slow breathing exercise training improve the anthropometric parameters in the study group. This indicates that regular, long-term slow breathing exercise training helps in weight reduction among the obese population. Keywords: Obesity, Anthropometry, Slow Breathing Exercises, body mass index, stress.
... It uses non-invasive, portable instruments to calculate height, weight, and body circumferences which can be performed in a large sample size. [1] Regular practice of slow breathing technique shows improvement in the cardiorespiratory functions. The previous studies have reported that it is well known to decrease the effect of stress which, in turn, improves the physical and mental health of an individual. ...
Background: Regular practice of slow breathing technique shows improvement in the cardiorespiratory functions. The previous studies have reported that it is well known to decrease the effect of stress which, in turn, improves the physical and mental health of an individual. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the effect of 12 weeks of slow breathing exercise practice on anthropometric parameters in healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 young, healthy volunteers of both genders participated in this study. The subjects were allocated to the study group (n = 29) and control group (n = 30) based on simple random technique. Slow breathing exercise training was given to the study group for 20 minutes daily in two sessions for 12 weeks. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip ratio were recorded at the start of the study and after 12 weeks in both the groups. Longitudinal changes in both the groups were compared by Student's paired t-test. Comparison between the study group and control group was done by Student's unpaired t-test. The statistical analysis was carried out at 5% level of significance and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The average age of the study group and control group participants was 19.9 ± 1.8 years and 19.2 ± 1.9 years, respectively. BMI was significantly decreased in the study group from 21.75 ± 4.14 to 19.51 ± 3.95 (P < 0.05). There was a trend toward decrease in the waist-hip ratio from 0.77 ± 0.67 to 0.71 ± 0.58 (P > 0.05) which was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Results of our study indicate that 12 weeks of slow breathing exercise training improve the anthropometric parameters in the study group. This indicates that regular, long-term slow breathing exercise training helps in weight reduction among the obese population.
... After subgroup analysis, we found a complication rate of 4.39 %, 4.04 % and 3.83 % for RYGB, SG and MGB/OAGB respectively. These data are consistent with those reported in other countries and support the safety of the operations under scrutiny [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The array of complications reported was extremely wide. ...
... The immune system is a complex redundant system that requires all was observed due to sedentary lifestyle and fatty food [34]. The obese people generally suffer with vitamin D deficiency and prevalent in approximately 57% to 94% obese individuals [35]. The vitamin D deficiency is actually responsible for the cardiovascular diseases. ...
A considerable percentage of world’s population is facing the problems of overweight and obesity that affect growing children, adolescents and young adult human beings. This ultimately cause several types of non-communicable diseases viz., cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, infertility, several types of cancers etc. Besides causing the noncommunicable diseases, obesity impairs the immune function also. There is a strong correlation between obesity and immune response and that’s why the obese individuals always get suffered the common viral and bacterial diseases. Overweight and obesity are the concerning issues of our society which is linked with the food habits. Beside the high fat diet, lack of physical work is also a major reason for suffering with overweight and obesity. A greater percentage of world population that suffer with overweight and obesity linked to non-vegetarian population of the world and these are at higher risk of non-communicable diseases. Perhaps the most favourable reason behind the saga is the consumption of comparatively more saturated fat in the diet. These are purely preventable diseases. So precautionary measures may be taken to prevent the diseases by the replacement or reduction of animal or saturated fat in processed food products without affecting the quality of the products. It can otherwise be explained that obesity is the outcome of high energy diet, over-dieting and lack of proper physical exercise.
