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![Graph of Atmospheric Pressure VS Altitude [19], where an airplane is inserted at 12,000 meters is surrounded by atmospheric pressure of around 30 kPa [19], to protect and give passengers comfort, the fuselage is pressurized to 101.325 kilopascals [20], but if a window is broken, passengers and objects near it will emerged with an equivalent of 0.5 ton of force [21], till the internal cabin stabilized, shown a person loaded with a beam of pressure.](profile/Mahmoud-E-Yousif/publication/327013261/figure/fig1/AS:659449370906624@1534236390123/Graph-of-Atmospheric-Pressure-VS-Altitude-19-where-an-airplane-is-inserted-at-12-000.png)
Graph of Atmospheric Pressure VS Altitude [19], where an airplane is inserted at 12,000 meters is surrounded by atmospheric pressure of around 30 kPa [19], to protect and give passengers comfort, the fuselage is pressurized to 101.325 kilopascals [20], but if a window is broken, passengers and objects near it will emerged with an equivalent of 0.5 ton of force [21], till the internal cabin stabilized, shown a person loaded with a beam of pressure.
Source publication
![Fig.1. Graph of Atmospheric Pressure VS Altitude [19], where an...](profile/Mahmoud-E-Yousif/publication/327013261/figure/fig1/AS:659449370906624@1534236390123/Graph-of-Atmospheric-Pressure-VS-Altitude-19-where-an-airplane-is-inserted-at-12-000_Q320.jpg)
The volume of air extending 100 km above the earth, formed a pressure on everything on the surface of the planet, this atmospheric pressure is suggested to represent the factor behind the weights, and as an important factor in aerodynamic lifting the airplanes and birds; it also formed the Hydrostatic Force (F_H) of gravity, or the Atmospheric Forc...
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... a pressure measures force per unit area, with SI units of Pascals (1 Pascal = 1 Newton per square meter, 1 N/m 2 ) [14]. Fig. 2. If gravity exists, the airplane in (A) should encountered, gravitational force (F G ) from the earth and the Hydrostatic Force (F H ), from atmosphere, while (B) shows the high maneuverability of three eagles [22]. Fig. 1, shows the Graph of atmospheric pressure (in kPa) vs. altitude above sea level in meters, based on an equation from the CRC manual, a temperature of 15 deg. C and a relative humidity of 0% [19], a human is inserted on the surface, while an airplane is inserted at 12,000 meters (40,000 feet), its normal for a human to live on the ...
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... have managed to construct lighter than air vehicles that rise off the ground and fly, due to their buoyancy in air [24]; such as the airplane shown in Fig. 1, but what is the mechanism allowed it to reach that altitude? Which of the two forces shown in Fig. 2-A, it overcome, the Hydrostatic Force (í µí°¹ í µí°» ), or the gravitational force? Since flight is the process by which an object moves through an atmosphere (or beyond it) by generating aerodynamic lift associated with propulsive ...
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... to make air move faster over the top of the wing, when air moves faster, the pressure of the air decreases on these spots, so the pressure on the top of the wing is less than the pressure on the bottom of the wing, the difference in pressure created a force on the wing that lifts the wing up into the air, together with the load, as shown in Fig. 4-B [18], therefore, the aerodynamic lift, created by the motion of an aerodynamic object (wing) through the air, due to its shape and angle deflects the air [24], hence the deflection of air created low pressure on top and high pressure on bottom of the wing, which cause airplane to lift, therefore, the lift is a trick made on the pressure of ...
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... downwards. Fig. 5-B, shows an apple similar to Newton, but being subjected to the Hydrostatic Force (í µí°¹ í µí°» ) of Gravity, or the Atmospheric Force of Pressure (í µí°¹ í µí± ), hence we asked, what cause the apple to fall from the tree? Is it gravity shown in Fig. 5-A, or it's what humans on this planet are daily subjected to shown in Fig. 1, or the resulted balance of the scale shown in Fig. 3-B that is the atmospheric ...
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... is equal to or greater than the force of gravity [32], but in reality when the upward force, from air displacement, is equal to or greater than the force of the Hydrostatic Force (í µí°¹ í µí°» ), or the Atmospheric Force of Pressure (í µí°¹ í µí± ), the airship flies. -Pressurized an airplane, means bringing the 100 km column of air shown in Fig. 1, back to passengers inside the airplane, means to normalized conditions for passengers at low pressure environment, although the altitude only 100 km, but conditions are governed by the pressure we have been adopted while growing. -If the force of gravity exists, it should be equal to or greater to counter the force of pressurization ...
Citations
... This method sets the parameters Kp = 1, Ki =1, and Kd =1. So obtained after the system output is reached in a steady state [7][8] [9]. The PID controller simulation can be seen in Figure 6; The PSO Algorithm Model is an algorithm that mimics the collective behavior of birds in search of food [10][11]. ...
The speed and pressure of the water flow are determined by the height and volume of the water. The speed of the water flow in the actuator is determined by the use of this flow sensor system. A good tank-based water flow control model should be developed. At a certain point, the actuator stabilizes the rate of water production per minute. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automatic and precise control technique. Many Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used in system optimization. Among them are Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and ANFIS. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is a combination of NN and FIS. In this study, the PSO method was combined with ANFIS. This hybrid method produces better optimization compared to the previous method. The best water level control simulation results are PSO-ANFIS with an overshot of 0.572 pu, undershot of 0.563 pu, and flow output overshot of 0.008 pu, undershot of 0.009 pu.
... In the northern region of Java Island, it is prone to flooding due to the condition of Java Island's sloping topography [3] [4]. Rob occurs when high tide inundates the land that has a sea-level height at the time of the highest sea level [5] [6]. ...
... The horizontal component Wh and the component Wv of the hydrostatic force are the force acting on the vertical projection of the surface of the weir. The schema of the hydrostatic force on the weir can be seen in Figure 7, the magnitude of which for each unit width is [6] [11]. ...
... Although gravitational theory started with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries [82], but the first important discovery in science, but not properly interpreted, and started the mathematization of the physical science and created the ground for the current quantum mechanics, was the Newton's gravitational law [82], it doesn't have any model except the mathematical form [83], and it was based on the inverse square law, and the first force to be conceived as "action at distance" [14], as it created that phrase, where the mechanism and nature of gravitation is not known [53], for these and others, it was perceived as wrong [84], with an alternative as "The Hydrostatic Force (F H ) of Gravity (The Atmospheric Force of Gravity)" in [85]. -Then followed in 1785, by Augustine Coulomb's two formulas of the force between electrified bodies and the force between magnetic poles, both are based on the inverse square laws [10], lacking mechanism. ...
The mechanism behind Stern-Gerlach experiment was covered by layers of blurred concepts; to unveil that, we revisited the dynamic of electric current discovered by Ørsted in 1820, which related electricity to magnetism and the production of Circular Magnetic Field (CMF), originally produced by charged in motion; the CMF never incorporated into theoretical models; while the former was mathematized by Ampere, strengthening the "action at distance" enigma, resulted in entanglement, exacerbated by quanta (photon), and wave particle duality hence created the Quantum Mechanics, thus quantized the Stern-Gerlach experiment, and sealed the believe in QM; but after field's interaction formula was discovered, it suggested the production of Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF) by electrons, protons and neutrons, explained nuclear force, atomic model, stability and spectral lines; thus in the original experiment by Stern & Gerlach, the flow of silver atom (Ag) from the furnace across the inhomogeneous magnetic field (B I), is explained as due to attraction of the leading +ve SMF of Ag by the-ve B I forcing all +ve Ag to strike on the right of screen, while the attraction of leading-ve SMF Ag by the +ve B I forced all-ve Ag to strike on the left; Ag strike on right or left of screen at one of four places designated by the angle θ, while its position from the center is determined by its velocity; the experiment fit in the classical physics, similar to the double slits experiment; therefore this work will help restoring the common sense to the physical science. Results: Electrons, protons and neutrons, produced Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF), its shape and magnitude in proton which is the nucleus of hydrogen atom, is the reason behind the seven series of the spectral lines, while the summation of SMF by neutrons and protons in atoms gives each its unique SMF, the interaction of the ±ve SMF of silver atom (Ag) with the opposite ±ve of the inhomogeneous magnetic field in the original Stern-Gerlach Experiment is realized to resulted in attracting the Ag to right and left, which's is the main reason of the its separation. Conclusion: The separation of silver atom (Ag) in the original experiment by both Stern and Gerlach in 1922, is realized as due to the interaction of the leading ±ve of the dipole moment of the previously unknown Spinning Magnetic Field (SMF) by Ag with the opposite ±ve of the inhomogeneous magnetic field, while the structural shape and magnitude of this SMF in hydrogen atom, is the reason behind the radiation of seven series of the spectral lines in hydrogen atom.
... The electromagnetic force and weak force are unified as the Weak Spinning Magnetic Force (F W ) or the Weak Interaction of magnetic origin [79], with modified version [78]. Finally, a suggestion for inter-earth gravity was given in "The Hydrostatic Force ( ) of Gravity (The Atmospheric Force of Gravity)" [80] and planets rotational gravity will be coming in "The Interaction Between Both the Earth" and Solar" Magnetic Fields" [81]. Therefore the four forces of nature are unified as Electric and Magnetic Force in origin; using Eq. ...
The paper emphasized on the difference between electromagnetic radiation and electric/magnetic forces; a formula for field’s interaction have been derived; it transformed the attraction and repulsion of any two fields into dynamical force with explainable mechanism; the formula satisfied both the mathematical and mechanical conditions, as it explained the physical mechanism for the magnetic effect of the electric current discovered by Ørsted, the Ampere force between two conductors carrying electric current, the formula also resolved the force between charged bodies and magnetic forces, such as the Catapult force, force between magnetic poles and the Lorentz force; the failure to get this formula in early nineteen century reflected negatively on current scientific developments by transforming the physical science into mathematical based speculation; therefore the solutions obtained using this formula may help realizing scientific knowledge in its common sense.
During the rainy season, there are still puddles of water in the village due to overflowing rivers and flooding due to landslides of embankments. Therefore, it is necessary to control the water and handle it quickly and precisely. Emergency Weir, which is ready to be installed, can be used to overcome this problem. It is named Knock Down Weir as Emergency Weirs that are effective, efficient, practical, can be arranged vertically, horizontally, can be stored and reassembled with 4 Forms of Arrangement and proven by Stability value > 1.5 based on the test on the support of wall roughness: hard stone, gravel, sand, clay and using Matlab application analysis. The simulation uses a model arrangement, namely: 1). Model L filled with sand + water; 2). The model I filled with sand + water; 3). Model L filled with water; 4). Model L filled with water. The result based on the Matlab application is obtained that the arrangement of model no. 1 (L shape) is the most stable against hard rock, gravel, sand and clay as support.
Sand bags are one of the technologies still widely used to elevate water level. The sand bags are arranged in order to dam the river flow and to irrigate agricultural land, especially during the dry season. In line with its utilization, water supply of this technology is still less effective, thus, alternative technology is needed. This study aimed to test Barrier Knock-Down as an alternative technology that can be assembled and stored. This study was a quantitative research conducted by testing the prototypes. The tests were carried out using a monitor instrument Diver, piezometer. The tests of comparison were conducted in 4 types: Type 1, it was an L shape filled with sand+water; Type 2 was I shape filled with sand+water; Type 3 was an I shape filled with water; Type 4 was in an L shape filled with water. From the results of the study, type 1 is the best method for weir irrigation technology because of its ability to resist vertical and horizontal force than other types. Type 1-an L shape filled with sand+water with the value of safety factor rolling stability 5,28 and shear stability 2,23. Experiment result a stable elevation value in weir, did not experience a shift.
